This chapter presents a review studies that related to the study about the effects of
facebook.This research focused to analyzing the effect of facebook on students
performance.According to comprehensive literature review by Ellison (2007), the role of
facebook in higher education is attributed to the creation of virtual classes.The review has
analysed massive research database around the world to make this review comprehensive in
its coverage for almost all aspects of an endeavor to give an explanation for the diverse roles
of facebook in higher education classes.
Facebook being social networking sites provides an online platform on which students create
profiles, promote and share information and contents and have interactions with contacts
both known and unknown (Kirkpatrick, 2010). Facebook have expanded recently, which
have led to its use by people of all generations extentsively. Several types of research
examine this online platform attraction and its persuasive character and the reason that cause
people of every kind and different ages to this communicate. Other studies show that
facebook extention presence can have effects that are harmful to academic performance. If
students spend most of their for time on facebook, their academic performance will reduce
and thus their grades (Kirkpatrick, 2010). A day sudents should spend at least 30-35 minutes
surfing facebook. They actually surf for only three to four minutes on each visit to be
updated, but they severally visit facebook a day. Others spend eight on the website. Although
students consider facebook is distracting and consuming a lot of time, they note that they
cant stop visiting the website because they prefer it and use it to contact family members and
friends, whether or not encounter them each day, Tess (2013) argues that there is a variety of
correlations that exists in the literature. Other studies though find a significant negative
correlation between a students performance and use of facebook while others fine no
correlations or weak correlations. Only a few studies come up with positive correlations
though not with high-level significance. Interestingly, the negative correlations for the
facebook usage and poor academic performance have been associated with personality traits
or other behavioral or psychological aspects rather than solely with the use of these
platforms.
According to Newman (2013) they get distraction from their studies, and a load of their
working memory make it hard for them to have a focus and makes effective preparations of
their homework. This will lead to result that are poor and decrease the achievements. Some
studies show the attitudes, interests of students to the internet and their activities varry with
their sex, personality, traits and age. Cultural backgrounds and characteristics differences
give the suggestion that there is a needed to address the effects of students using facebook in
various settings, which prompts to queries about the impact of facebook on students with
distinguished characteristics and in distinguished cultural contents which is not predictable.
Research Newman (2013) indicates that the study on whether facebook is by students affects
their academic results, hence doing a theoretical background review and depected the
research model that was proposed before they represented the method adopted to examine it.
According to Ellison (2017) emphasizes on further investigation into the issue to some find
more variables like focus and intervention that may be strongly related to academic
performance.The negative correlation between facebook usage and academic outcomes may
be justified by some negative impacts related to certain ways students use this social
medium.He observes that some specific uses of this social media relate to improved
academic performance while others contribute to lower academic results.