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DeltaStarTransformerConnectionOverview

electricalengineeringportal.com/deltastartransformerconnectionoverview

10/7/2012

GETransformerdeltastarnameplate

DeltaStarConnectionofTransformer
Inthistypeofconnection,theprimaryconnectedindeltafashionwhilethesecondarycurrentisconnectedin
star.

Themainuseofthisconnectionistostepupthe
voltagei.e.atthebeginingofhightension
transmissionsystem.Itcanbenotedthatthereisa
phaseshiftof30betweenprimarylinevoltageand
secondarylinevoltageasleading.

DeltaStarConnectionofTransformer
Phaseshiftof30betweenprimarylinevoltageandsecondarylinevoltage

Keypoints
1.Asprimaryindeltaconnected:
2.Linevoltageonprimaryside=PhasevoltageonPrimaryside.
3.NowTransformationRation(K)=SecondaryPhaseVoltage/PrimaryPhaseVoltage
4.SecondaryPhaseVoltage=KXPrimaryPhaseVoltage.
5.AsSecondaryinStarconnected
6.LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XPhasevoltageonSecondaryside.So,
7.LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XKXPrimaryPhaseVoltage.
8.LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XKXPrimaryLineVoltage.
9.Thereiss+30Degreeor30DegreePhaseShiftbetweenSecondaryPhaseVoltagetoPrimaryPhase
Voltage

AdvantagesofDeltaStarConnection
CrosssectionareaofwindingislessatPrimaryside:
Onprimarysideduetodeltaconnectionwindingcrosssectionrequiredisless.

UsedatThreephasefourwireSystem:
Onsecondaryside,neutralisavailable,duetowhichitcanbeusedfor3phase,4wiresupplysystem.

NodistortionofSecondaryVoltage:
Nodistortionduetothirdharmoniccomponents.

HandledlargeunbalancedLoad:
Largeunbalancedloadscanbehandledwithoutanydifficulty.

GroundingIsolationbetweenPrimaryandSecondary:
AssumingthattheneutraloftheYconnectedsecondarycircuitisgrounded,aloadconnectedphasetoneutralora
phasetogroundfaultproducestwoequalandoppositecurrentsintwophasesintheprimarycircuitwithoutany
neutralgroundcurrentintheprimarycircuit.
Therefore,incontrastwiththeYYconnection,phasetogroundfaultsorcurrentunbalanceinthesecondarycircuit
willnotaffectgroundprotectiverelayingappliedtotheprimarycircuit.Thisfeatureenablespropercoordinationof
protectivedevicesandisaveryimportantdesignconsideration.

TheneutraloftheYgroundedissometimesreferredtoasagroundingbank,becauseitprovidesalocalsourceof
groundcurrentatthesecondarythatisisolatedfromtheprimarycircuit.

HarmonicSuppression:
Themagnetizingcurrentmustcontainoddharmonicsfortheinducedvoltagestobesinusoidalandthethird
harmonicisthedominantharmoniccomponent.Inathreephasesystemthethirdharmoniccurrentsofallthree
phasesareinphasewitheachotherbecausetheyarezerosequencecurrents.IntheYYtransformerconnection,
theonlypathforthirdharmoniccurrentisthroughtheneutral.

IntheYconnection,however,thethirdharmoniccurrents,beingequalinamplitudeandinphasewitheachother,
areabletocirculatearoundthepathformedbytheconnectedwinding.Thesamethingistruefortheotherzero
sequenceharmonics.

GroundingBank:
Itprovidesalocalsourceofgroundcurrentatthesecondarythatisisolatedfromtheprimarycircuit.Forsuppose
anungroundedgeneratorsuppliesasimpleradialsystemthroughYtransformerwithgroundedNeutralat
secondaryasshownFigure.ThegeneratorcansupplyasinglephasetoneutralloadthroughthegroundedY
transformer.

Letusrefertothelowvoltagegeneratorsideofthetransformerasthesecondaryandthehighvoltageloadsideof
thetransformerastheprimary.Notethateachprimarywindingismagneticallycoupledtoasecondarywinding.

Themagneticallycoupledwindingsaredrawninparalleltoeachother:

Throughthesecondtransformerlaw,thephasetoground
loadcurrentintheprimarycircuitisreflectedasacurrent
intheACsecondarywinding.Noothercurrentsare
requiredtoflowintheACorBCwindingsonthe
generatorsideofthetransformerinordertobalance
ampereturns. Magneticallycoupledwindings

EasyRelayingofGroundProtection:
ProtectiverelayingisMUCHeasieronadeltawyetransformerbecausegroundfaultsonthesecondarysideare
isolatedfromtheprimary,makingcoordinationmucheasier.Ifthereisupstreamrelayingonadeltawye
transformer,anyzerosequencecurrentcanbeassumedtobefromaprimarygroundfault,allowingverysensitive
groundfaultprotection.

Onawyewye,alowsidegroundfaultcausesprimarygroundfaultcurrent,makingcoordinationmore
difficult.Actually,groundfaultprotectionisoneoftheprimaryadvantagesofdeltawyeunits.

DisadvantagesofDeltaStarConnection
Inthistypeofconnection,thesecondaryvoltageisnotinphasewiththeprimary.Henceitisnotpossibletooperate
thisconnectioninparallelwithstarstarordeltadeltaconnectedtransformer.
Oneproblemassociatedwiththisconnectionisthatthesecondaryvoltageisshiftedby300withrespecttothe
primaryvoltage.Thiscancauseproblemswhenparalleling3phasetransformerssincetransformerssecondary
voltagesmustbeinphasetobeparalleled.Therefore,wemustpayattentiontotheseshifts.

Ifsecondaryofthistransformershouldbeparalleledwithsecondaryofanothertransformerwithoutphaseshift,
therewouldbeaproblem.

Applications

Commonlyusedinastepuptransformer

Asforexample,atthebeginningofaHTtransmissionline.Inthiscaseneutralpointisstableandwillnotfloatin
caseofunbalancedloading.Thereisnodistortionoffluxbecauseexistenceofaconnectionallowsapathforthe
thirdharmoniccomponents.

Thelinevoltageratiois3timesoftransformerturnratioandthesecondaryvoltageleadstheprimaryoneby
30.Inrecentyears,thisarrangementhasbecomeverypopularfordistributionsystemasitprovides3,4wire
system.

Commonlyusedincommercial,industrial,andhighdensityresidentiallocations

Tosupplythreephasedistributionsystems.

Anexamplewouldbeadistributiontransformerwithadeltaprimary,runningonthree11kVphaseswithnoneutral
orearthrequired,andastar(orwye)secondaryprovidinga3phasesupplyat400V,withthedomesticvoltageof
230availablebetweeneachphaseandanearthedneutralpoint.

UsedasGeneratorTransformer

TheYtransformerconnectionisuseduniversallyforconnectinggeneratorstotransmissionsystemsbecauseof
twoveryimportantreasons.

Firstofall,generatorsareusuallyequippedwithsensitivegroundfaultrelayprotection.TheYtransformerisa
sourceofgroundcurrentsforloadsandfaultsonthetransmissionsystem,yetthegeneratorgroundfaultprotection
iscompletelyisolatedfromgroundcurrentsontheprimarysideofthetransformer.

Second,rotatingmachinescanliterallybe.

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