Foraminifera

Class of amoeboid protists that use a granular ectoplasm to catch food

Test is made of various materials
o Commonly made of CaCO3
Forams typically have pseudopods used for locomotion, anchoring, and capturing food,
which consists of diatoms and bacteria.
The tests may have openings called apertures which allow cytoplasm to flow between the
chambers
They are important in generating reef carbonates
 Bryozoa

Moss animals
Aquatic invertebrates that filter feed food out of the water using a lophophore, a crown of
tentacles lined with cilia.
Typically live in tropical waters, but some liver elsewhere.
Individual bryozoan colonies are called zooids.
o Autozooids are responsible for feeding and excretion.
o Cosists of a cystid that provides the body wall and produces the exoskeleton and a
polypide that contains the organs and lophophore.
 Hemichordata

Considered the sister group of echinoderms

Basically a worm
They burrow
Deposit feeders or filter feeders( detritvores included)
Colonial filter feeders live in a collagenous tubular structure called a coenecium
 Cnidaria
They are distinguished by cnidocytes or specialized cells that can be used to sting prey
Bodies consists of mesoglea, a non living jelly substance
o Enclosed by cell walls one cell thick
Two forms
o Swimming medusa/ae
o Sessile polyps
 Arthropoda

Invertebrate with an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages

Jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin and/or calcium carbonate
Body plan made of segments
They molt occasionally
Compound eyes
Trilobite Eyes
o http://www.trilobites.info/eyes.htm CAn u copy dis
 Barchipoda

Two major types

o Articulate have toothed hinges for opening and closing
o Inarticulate have untoothed hinges and a complex system of muscles to keep the
halves aligned
Hard valves(shells) on lower and upper surfaces instead of left and right arrangement on
bivalves
Have lophophores to feed and swim
They settle on the seabed eventually and attach itself to a hard surface
 Mollusca
Mantle with a cavity used for breathing and excretion
Presence of a radula which is used to cut food
o Present in all mollusk except for bivalves
o Used to scrape bacteria and algae off rocks
Two pairs of nerve chords
o Three in bivalves
 Echinodermata

Radial symmetry
Usually five point
Found at virtually every ocean depth
o Has no freshwater or terrestrial representatives
Common in deep ocean
Regeneration
Sexual and Asexual reproduction
 Fish

They are a group of gill bearing aquatic animals that lack limbs with digits
Most are cold blooded
Earliest appeared during Cambrian and these ones lacked spines
o Possessed notochords
 Dinosaurs

Ornithischians
o Named that because they have the same hip structure as a bird
o Even though birds actually belong to the saurischians

o
Saurischians

o
o All carnivorous dinosaurs are saurischians
o Lizard hipped, but does not mean that they turned into lizards
The birds which are saurischian actually developed their hip independently of
ornithischian. Thus the hip evolved twice within the dinosaur family.
All have erect hind limbs.
All died during the Chicxulub Impact