1.

ADDITIVES
Additives Original Property of Polymer Effect of Additives New Application
A. Hindered amine light
stabilizers (HALS) *Polypropylene (during degradation) -Perform synergistically for light -Widely used in automotive industry like
-Degrades when exposed in UV stability and superior in long bumper, cladding and exterior trim.
radiation term thermal stability.
-Cracking, loss of mechanical
properties and short term of life.

B. Tinuvin Carboprotect *Carbon-fiber-reinforced material -blocks the destructive radiation -Widely used in automotive, watercraft,
-Thermal Properties (stability, and from UV and near-UV visible sporting goods, renewable energy
conductivity) light platforms, and other decorative/fashion
-Tensile and compression strength -keeps the matrix intact industries.
-Thermal endurance (particularly at -top durability
cold temps)
-Moisture absorption
-Electrical conductivity
-Chemical resistance
C. Phthalate *Polyvinyl Chloride - It makes the PVC Flexible -For making hoses and wire sleeves
- rigid

D. Sulfur *Polyisoprene (Natural Rubber) -Higher tensile strength -Hoses, Shoes soles, Tires.
-Very sticky -More rigid
-low tensile strength -Reduces its stickiness
-Low resistance to abrasion

E. Phthalocyanine *Polypropylene -Gives blue and green color -For dyeing of PP plastics
- Transparent beige
 2. Fillers
Fillers Original Property of Polymer
A. Calcium Carbonate
*Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
-Rigid
B. Silica Fume *Concrete
-high compressive strength
-low tensile strength
-low coefficient of thermal
expansion
Effect of Fillers New Application
-improve impact performance -used inflexible compounds such as tubing,
-slightly decrease tensile wire and cable insulation, latex gloves,
strength trash bags
-increase impact strength
- Traditionally used in high-rise buildings
and longer spans in structural bridge
- improved compressive, flexural designs. Such as Burj Khalifa and Trump
and bond- strength Palace.
-denser matrix
-improves thixotropic behavior
-very high cohesive workability
-high tensile strength
-increased toughness
- increased resistance to
abrasion, corrosion and
chemicals
C. Alumina Trihydrate *Polyurethane
(ATH) -ability to resist abrasion, heat,
solvents, oil and acid
-hardness, tensile strength,
compression strength, impact
resistance, abrasion resistance
and tear strength
D. Calcium Sulfate *Polyester
-good resistance in acids and
basics in cold condition
-good elasticity
-excellent ability to protest
friction
-used as electrical insulators in - Mostly applied for advanced rubber
casting and impregnating insulators and foams industry.
applications
-flame retardancy
-low smoke generation
-flexible
-high loadings at processable
viscosities
-used as a barrier coat - Usually the products are coatings of
-improve physical properties different material.
-reduce blistering
-improve thixotropy
-acid resistance
-excellent surface finish
E. Talc *Polypropylene(PP)
-low impact resistance
-light in weight
-High tensile strength
-rigid
3. Reinforcing Agent
Reinforcing Agent Original Property of Polymer
A. Kevlar *Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile-
butadiene-styrene alloy
(PC/ABS)
-good tensile strength
-low modulus value
-low flexural modulus
talc increases
-rigidity,
- creep strength
-impact resistance (particularly
at low temperatures).
-This makes PP/talc the environmentally
friendly alternative to PVC.
Effect of Reinforcing Agent New Application
-high modulus value -used for manufacturing bullet-proof vests,
-high flexural modulus composite armor reinforcement, helmets,
-improved flexural strength ropes, cables, asbestos replacing parts.
-increased tensile strength
-very good adhesion
-low density
B. Bacterial cellulose *Natural Rubber -High Tensile strength -use as high mechanical strength rubber-
-Very sticky -Improves elasticity based products
-low tensile strength -Reduced Stickiness
-Low resistance to abrasion -High Resistance to Abrasion

C. Carbon Black *Vulcanized rubber -black color -Tires, conveyor belts

-High tensile strength -improve tensile strength
-High resistance to abrasion -Less flexible
-elastic -Increase resistance to abrasion