Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine

AUGUST 2017
VOL 7 NO. 2

AEEC gathered to
celebrate National
Engineers Week on
Sunday 02192017
at MLK Restaurant
Located in Oakland

e
California
AEEC | October 2011 1
CONTENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS
MACHINE LEARNING TREND &
PROSPECTS
BY ABIEL M. WOLDU
KNOWLEDGE BASED REALIZATION
BY HENOK TEWELDE
ASMARA INSCRIBED ON TO THE UNESCO
WORLD HERITAGE LIST
BY YARED TESFAY
JOB T OPPORTUNITIES
BY YOSIEF WOLDEMARIAM
& FILIPOS ABRAHAM
EDITORS
SEBLE GEBREMEDHIN, M.S. IN PSYCHOLOGY
DR. ADIAM WOLDEGERGISH, PH.D IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
SAMUEL FESSEHAYE, B.A. IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
FILIPOS ABRAHAM, M.S, IN SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING AND
YOSIEF WOLDEMARIAM, B.A. IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING

AEEC | February 2017 1

Machine Learning is a science that intersects different disciplines.
It embodies concepts from applied computational statistics,
computer science, and mathematics. In a less formal and
simplified terms, machine learning is a way of building a
mathematical model that improves its performance as it
experiences more data.

AEEC | August 2017 2

A
E
E MACHINE LEARNING CURRENT TRENDS & FUTURE PROSPECTS
M
~ Introduction In traditional programming, an engineer crafts how the
machine executes statements in a sequence of
A
During the past few years, operations in language constructs such as conditional-
E
blocks, loops and iterations. Whereas in machine
E one technology trend that
M learning systems the output of the system is defined by
has been continuously
how the model (also called predictor) is tuned using the
~ brought to the discussion
data that it came across during training.
A table is Artificial
E Intelligence (AI) as More formally, machine learning is defined as
E comprehended through follows:
M Machine Learning. It was A computer program is said to learn from
~ hyped up with the release experience E with respect to some class of
A of products that are driven tasks T and performance measure P, if its
E by the science of this technology. Remarkable performance at tasks in T, as measure by
E applications of machine learning include P, improves with experience E. [1]
M autonomous cars, smart assistants, intelligent robots
~ and workforce automation systems. This article Listed below are examples of such systems (T: Task,
A begins by defining machine learning and then delves P: Performance, E: Experience):
E into discussing currently trending aspects, future
E prospects and associated concerns that are related SPAM detection (Classification)
M to these phenomena. T: distinguish between SPAM and
~ legitimate email
A P: percentage of emails correctly
E Definition classified
E Machine Learning is a science that intersects E: hand-labeled emails
M Estimating Real Estate Prices (Regression)
different disciplines. It embodies concepts from
~ applied computational statistics, computer science, T: estimate price of a certain real
A and mathematics. In a less formal and simplified estate
E P: how close the estimate is as
terms, machine learning is a way of building a
E compared to actual price
mathematical model that improves its performance
M E: hand-labeled data of real-estate
as it experiences more data. Improving performance
~ over time makes the system adaptive and enables it features mapped to price
A
to do tasks more efficiently as it learns more data or The first example is a classification problem; and
E
data-features. This adaptive nature makes machine predicts whether an email is spam or not. The
E
M learning systems smart. performance of such system is measured by the rate
of true positives, true negatives to false positives
~
Machine learning systems reach a conclusion based on and false negatives. The system learns from a large
A
E
data as compared to traditional programming structures set of hand-labeled emails. The term hand-labeled
E
that give deterministic outputs that are based on logic. data means data that is tagged with a certain class
M

AEEC | August 2017 3

A
E in this case the two classes are spam and not
E spam. The second problem is a regression
M problem; and estimates a price that lies on a range
~ of continuous values. Performance of such model is
A gauged by how close the predicted values are to the
E actual prices (historic price or professionals
E estimates). In order to build a mathematical model
M (predictor), the system trains from a set of hand-
~ labeled data that maps different real-estate property
A features (such as area in square feet, number of
E bedrooms, number of bathrooms) to the propertys
E price. In the above problems, learning strategy that
M is dependent on hand-labeled data is introduced.
~ These algorithms are called supervised learning
persons driving patterns and a model is built (e.g.
A algorithms. On the contrary, a different class of
using deep neural networks) that mimics human
E machine learning algorithms called unsupervised
E learning deals with finding patterns in data that is driving patterns. Such a vehicle is also equipped
M not labeled. with several sensors that provide readings (RGB
~ camera, radar, accelerometeretc.) and help it
understand a certain context and contribute to the
A
E
Trends and Prospects continuous decision that the car makes on the road.
E As research and industry fine tuned certain machine
M learning algorithms and invented more advanced Other trending gadgets that are machine learning
~ techniques such as deep learning, there are several driven that are currently in production are
A applications that are now available for users to intelligent personal assistants such as Alexa, Siri,
E utilize. One such trend is autonomous vehicles Cortana, Home-Pod and Google Home. These
E where a vehicle is trained with long hours of actual systems use knowledge representation, natural
M language processing (NLP), cutting edge spoken
~
A
E
E
M
~
A
E
E
M
~
A
E
E Fig: Automatic generation of text captions for images with deep networks. [4]
M

AEEC | August 2017 4

 Hard to reach doesnt have to mean hard to
do

A
E
E
C

Bringing the best and the brightest together

AEEC | August 2017 5

A
E language understanding (SLU) and intent-
E classification techniques to assist users and engage
M them in verbal communication.
~ inferences on personal data without prior consent of
A From the academic standpoint, an interesting
E research problem that can be used to understand
E visual context is generating image descriptions
M given unlabeled images. This inherently does object
~ recognition and tries to construct the context from
A objects found in the image. This is done using
E techniques such as recurrent neural networks
E (RNN) and convolutional neural networks.
M The minimum requirement for these systems to replace
~ Some of these machine learning algorithms are
A already installed in our day-to-day technology
E products. For example, after a person posts a photo
E on Facebook, the face recognition from Facebook
M kicks in and tries to guess the person in the photo.
~ Or when a user buys an item from Amazon, the
A systems recommender system kicks in and suggests
E other products based on your purchase history and
E based on your profiles similarity to other buyers. A
M conceptually similar recommender system is also
~ used in movie recommendations in Netflix. This
A feature recommends movies based on what movie a
E user watched and historic data of what similar users
E watched. [6]
M
~ In conclusion, current wave of technology
A innovation is focused on building smart systems and
E optimizing/automating existing ones with machine
E learning methodologies. Given there is so much data
M to learn from and the state of the art in research and
~ academia is constantly improving; there will be
A intelligent technologies that will do better or equally
E good at many human skills. With the increase in
E smart and connected gadgets, advances in Internet-
M of-Things (IOT) there will be many industries that
~ benefit or otherwise get disrupted by intelligent
A systems.
E contribute to unemployment due to automation. Hence
E Concerns
M scientific breakthroughs while minimizing the
AEEC | August 2017
Among some of the concerns that this technology
brings, privacy issues and task automation are two
of the most critical ones. When used to make
the user, or when such technology is in the wrong
hands, users privacy can be at stake. In the case of
automation, efficiency of software systems can
impact the workforce, for example, autonomous cars
could impact the transportation industry through
automation. Automated cashier systems in stores
could affect the need for cashiers and sales people.
human workforce is to do as good as a human
employee. In several cases such smart systems can
guarantee reliability; consistency and lower error rate
that human employees might not deliver. A human
driver could for example deliver diminishing
performance when tired, or when driving under
influence, which is not an issue for these algorithms.
Machine learning driven systems affect both blue-collar
and white-collar jobs. For example, an industry that is
impacted by automation is floor trading, where now
there are faster trader-bots that use complex trading
data and algorithms that can do the job more efficiently
than trading professionals.
Conclusion
Machine learning is a technique to build systems that
evolve and improve their performance as they
experience more data. Broadly speaking, machine
learning algorithms can be classified as supervised
learning and unsupervised learning. Intelligent systems
are embedded in technologies of our everyday use.
Industries such as transportation, retail, real estate,
digital health, etc. are leveraging capabilities of
machine learning to get to higher levels in their domain.
However, efficiencies gained by software systems
it is a non-trivial problem to encourage the gain from
6
A
E consequences on social structures. 3. Humans Need Not Apply:
E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Pq-
M ~ Engineer Abel W. Woldu S557XQU
4. M. I. Jordan and T. M. Mitchell. Machine
~ References learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects.
A 1. Andrew Ng, (May, 2014). Machine Learning, UC Berkley; CMU:
E Coursera:
E https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/Science-
https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine- ML-2015.pdf
M learning 5. Thomas H. Davenport, Wall Street Jobs Wont
~ 2. Andrew Ng, (Nov 09, 2016). What Artificial Be Spared From Automation. Harvard Business
A Intelligence Can and Cant Do Right Now. Review: https://hbr.org/2016/12/wall-street-
E Harvard Business Review: jobs-wont-be-spared-from-automation
E https://hbr.org/2016/11/what-artificial- 6. Recommender Systems:
M intelligence-can-and-cant-do-right-now https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommender_sys
~
tem
A
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E
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~
A
E
E
M
~
A
E
E
M
~
A
E
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~
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AEEC | August 2017 7

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great, you will inspire othersD too.

Class of 2017
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 Comments & Suggestions
Page

Awesome!
Ghebre Habte

It is absolutely wonderful to see yet another Great online Alpha

Eritrean Engineers Magazine. This is another milestone achieved
in the history of the Magazine.
Engineer Filipos Abraham

Nice!
Engineer Berhana Michael

Congratulations for those dedicated to make this magazine

available. Good work!

Engineer Teklehaimanot Zere Aman

ALPHA ERITREAN ENGINEERS

AEEC | August 2017 9

 . . . This chunk
idea took me back
when I was a
student back
many years ago in
the University of
Asmara, which
was with highly
competitive
students at that
time. . .

AEEC | August 2017 10

A
E
E KNOWLEDGE BASED REALIZATION
M Relative to the view
~ through the window,
A which we are looking
E at, can click to generate
E ideas observing the
M entire scale from
~ microscopic to
A macroscopic visuals. It
E is a wide-open reality
E in the pursuits of
M knowledge we learn
~ complex problems probably situated in ups or
A downs of the virtual space-time curve. Life in the
E planet is then solving the problems ahead though a
E Markov chain (infinitely continuous or endless rope
M of a problem). This chunk idea took me back when I
~ was a student back many years ago in the University
A of Asmara, which was with highly competitive
E students at that time. Despite I was a student in the
E department of physics we used to have fraternity all
M
over the university. One friend from the faculty of
~ law school of the university used to tell me about a
A professor back then. If I am not mistaken, I guess it
E
was Professor Albert who used to teach the law
E
school like jurisprudence, international law and so
M
on forth.
~
Anyway, once upon a time he asked the students
A
could anyone on the earth find an absolute solution
E
for a problem. Some of them replied yes and
E
others no and tried to come up with many possible
M
suggestions. Those who said yes were saying first
~
anyone who is identifying his problem has to be
A
E with extreme analytic mindset to address the issue
E before solving the problem. Meaning after
M identifying his/her problem very well then should
~ develop a strategy that took him/her to a possible
A solution. For instance using problem tree analyses
E like investigating what the causes are for the
E problem and sorting out the causes in terms of
M
AEEC | August 2017
space-time magnitude. Then either adapt or create a
robust model that yields mechanisms that can treat
the causes based on their classification. Therefore,
the end result that negates the effects of the causes
could be a solution. On the contrary, Professor
Albert himself and the students who replied no
were debating with the argument by saying that
every solution for a problem could be a cause to
another problem from a different perspective in the
arena.
Therefore, definitely I would agree with no guys
that shows us a problem is a Markov chain.
Therefore, this argument could help me to draw that
everything in the planet we live in is relative to a
certain frame of reference.
Before directly go into knowledge and the problem
solving tactics it makes more sense if I talk a little bit
about data. What is data? Is the first question popup
in any mind when anyone nowadays talking
seriously about data. In more simplified version,
Data can be defined as a quantifiable and
qualitative fact about the characteristics of
resources (Such as quality, volume, frequency of
occurrences, spatial and time variability). Well
again, one may ask me what resources are.
Resources are everything on the planet like time
even if conventional, humankind, materials, money,
virtual entities and many more. However, the
observed data must be converted into information.
Aha, said another reader what does information
mean? I would define Information How these data
can be assembled into a meaningful pattern for
specific purpose. In converting data into
information, knowledge is essentially a prerequisite
element. Another one will knock me and say how
would I define knowledge? Well Knowledge means
11
A understanding of the implications of trends and and develop a multiple decision supporting system.
E values of the data in space, over time and corporate To defend circumlocution around a bush I would say
E the understanding of resources in the use practices it would be good to understand the virtual shape of
M and their impacts. Wisdom another important knowledge from Euclidean geometry point of view.
~ feature in the workflows let me define in my
A perspective what wisdom is before one reader asked I believe in my own philosophy that knowledge is
E me about it. Wisdom means agreement about a cylindrical model that increases its depth and
E commonly accepted methods of using any resources radially to the entire lateral directions. This is
M to ensure sustainability within the context of the perhaps due to each field of science have complex
~ boundaries set on the goals. web linkages in the phenomenon, processes,
A theories and so on. Because the knowledge cylinder
E I hope each definition is simplified in the above grows as function of time and experience though
E especially for students. Data further classified into commonsense could be a substitution with a smaller
M three parts. Raw data, processed data and magnitude. The response of the signal strength to
~ interpreted data. The raw data is superimposed of the knowledge can be in the domain of slow learners
A our main data and noises in gross. The processed and fast learners. The detail in the cylinder probably
E data after cleansing the data (removing of incorrect,
E multiple collected or duplicated and improperly
M formatted from the database) further mathematical
~ filtering is undergoing to streamline the data as
A objective oriented. Finally, the processed data are
E interpreted using scientific methods (Top to bottom
E
all the way from hypothesis to an experimental
M
outcome). The interpreted data when it is analyzed
~ using certain mathematical and statistical schemes
A
that enable us to design possible scenarios then
E
becomes an information.
E
M
Using the information as an input, it is possible to
~
synthesize a fictitious data that fills the gap to
A
interpolate between data points or extrapolate
E
beyond the initial boundary value problem.
E
M Therefore, designing such a model could enable us
~ to forecast the future by comprehending the spatial
and other parameters modulus of variations in the
A At work
E past and the present tense. In doing this, the
E knowledge of probability theory is highly pertinent could be perceived as tiny infinitesimal clusters of
M to predict the indeterministic value. This helps in virtual pixels of ideas. To understand the
~ the modals of decision taking within resources anamorphic and its pixel aspect ratio of the tiny
A constraints. Therefore, this implies that knowledge continuum knowledge complex network in the
E has the greatest role in the whole workflows cylinder could be above scope to the current article.
E
M

machine that can transform data into information

AEEC | August 2017 12

 1

AEEC | August 2017 13

A Because it could, probably more related to cognitive know the more we realize that we dont know. While
E psychologists, brain book writers or learning the basic concept of limit in your
E epistemologists. However, in its simplistic model I fundamental calculus may be at ones college level,
M would believe the geometry of the knowledge you might remember the limit of rational functions.
~ visualization could probably be a cylinder.
A For example then if we replace x by
E A reader may ask me guessing the shape of
E knowledge being a cylinder what does it really help knowledge and the constant term 4 by
M anyone. Well it will enable any one to visualize in man then we can learn
~ which field he/she need deep to hammer to know that it is well proven that mans maximum digging
A more and what other fields are laterally interrelated over huge knowledge is so insignificant.
E with it and how fur fundamentally he/she should
E know with lateral field of studies to solve problems
Human is making linear drifts over the processes in
M in continuous and consistent manner. Even if in both
order to understand it. To implement a practical
~ depth and diameter there could be enormous remedial during diagnosis of the function for the
A irregularity, understanding a simple cylinder can
phenomena whether it is natural or manmade linear
E enlighten it on what type of streams of knowledge
boundary value problems could perhaps simplify it.
E
This shows that life has never been easy in solving
M
problems ahead in whatever dimension the
~
economists define their supply and demand curves.
A
Although I am not an economist at an amateur level
E
E for economics I would say the derivative of supply
M curve with respect to dynamic market price is
always greater than zero where as for demand curve
~
A it is the opposite. When supply is increasing and
E demand is decreasing they meet at one point that
E single point which constitutes both curves at an
M intersection point is called market equilibrium. The
Signing a book fluctuation of this point is the headache to entire
~
A one may need. Therefore, in the walk of life we need businessperson, consumers and the economists.
E knowledge to solve problems though as professor When I was in Kampala, Uganda one chemist friend
E of mine arose a question of what is life. I remember
Albert states that the solution to ones problem
M one of my professors back in School Dr. Fessha arose
bears another problem then striving for another
~ solution and continues in that Markov chain. I bet similar question long time ago. Then here is what
A Sammy said at that time life is to be born and come
nobody can escape out of this life loop.
E to the planet earth while growing may be getting old
E The more we dig to know while drilling in our and eventually die. While within this spectrum in
M knowledge cylinder the more we face to totally a life, anybody can have flat plain or ups and downs. It
~ new thing concurrently with the lateral breadth of means either you will have happiness or sadness as
A the knowledge. Therefore, I would say the more we a function of time. I said to him I agree with you,
E
E
M

AEEC | August 2017 14

A however, let us see small addition to what you have consciously or not if the differential spacing or
E said in terms of rough analytical approach. Life proximity is linking one with devil definitely will
E depends on life parameters such as space, time, stack in the second equation with eternal sadness. I
M health, nutrition, luck, culture, sociological set up am sure the life of any terrorist on the planet earth
~ and on and on.but if we try to deduct life in terms is darkness and hatred, which clicks their remorse at
A of these parameters it going be a composite of any instants that drive them to tear.
E complex combination of non-linear functions.
E Therefore, it leads to almost undetermined Science is a philosophy of discovery. It is true
M cumbersome life curve versus space-time in 4D
~ coordinate system. To make it easy I remembered
A an Indian guy in 2006 I read it while I was browsing
E in the internet about the math of life. The Indian
E intellectual simplified the entire presumptions and
M assumes life is made up of only two linear functions.
~ Where often life is made up of simultaneous events
A of this two linear happening. If we add love into life
E it always remains to make happy to the subject and
E the reverse is true for sad when love is subtracted
M from life. Mathematically is shown below:
~
A
E
E
M
~
A because there is nothing-absolute max, min and flat
E floor function in science. Rather a relative max, min
E This simple linear equation shows that life is 50% are discovered mostly on pdf (probability destiny
M happiness and 50% sadness. Therefore, my point of function) using different mathematical algorithms.
~ view from the above analytic deduction seems to me
A the above equations reveals that life has an irregular Therefore the discovery in science is a result of
E wave pattern between certain amplitudes many things especially physics, math and chemistry.
E depending on the magnitude of happiness and Long time ago I read Roger Penrose the famous
M sadness. Where the smallest frequency assumes to a noble prize awarded for twist of space-time curve
~ unit hertz is a state of sadness and the highest quantum physicist's book the so-called "The
A energetic frequency with high intensity and mode of Emperor of New mind". There he said consciousness
E vibration is happiness directly related to love. could not be reached through scientific quantum
E Therefore, I strongly believe that if we narrow our discovery it is more related to the God's spirit.
M proximity to God we can stack only with equation1
~ without the second equation and we remain with I remember when I was reading John Gribbins book
A eternal happiness because God is love through only of quantum physics and reality long time ago I found
E one line that is faith. On the other hand, whether
E
M

AEEC | August 2017 15

A about Hideki Yukawa who is a noble prize award I
E guess in 1949. By the way, I love John Gribbin so
E much for his amazing mentorship to the world
M scientists while he was working for the magazine of
~ new scientists and science program in BBC. Any way
A he said that Hideki Yukawa awarded for finding the
E strong force that holds protons in the nucleus not to
E fly apart due to the repulsive electric force of
M protons for being like charges. Therefore, the
~ nucleus existing at an atomic level is because of this
A force, which can only live within the nucleus. Hideki
E Yukawa named the topic of the discovery as
E something for nothing. I completely wonder and
M respect for this very big scientific breakthrough of
~ Yukawa. Because this work is one of the jigsaw
A puzzles, which fits the space that helps us today to
E pick the fruits of science and technology in the
E modern era we are. However, in my opinion the
M topics does not give me comfort due to my thoughts
~ on law of nature is never allow something for
A nothing. From the principle of causality, perspective
E there has to be a reason for the existence of
E something until somebody figures out along the
M path of discovery like Yukawa himself did.
~ terminal. Therefore, I can say that problems are by
A On my perspective, the good work of science and
E technology perhaps at some point approaches the
E scriptures ready-made work but never can replace
M the truth. Because the truth we find in the bible
~ depends on only two states which is binary situation
A from the logic of Boolean algebra. These two binary
E states are whether one believes or not which
E signifies there is no gray area which we may say
M indeterminate state. The biggest science ever was
~ the incomplete work of Einstein for the theory of
A anything. Then after professor, Micho Kaku one of
E the greatest minds of the present era discovered the
E string field theory, which was supposed to replace
M the Einstein work.
~
A Einstein used the extra dimension, which is 4D.
E Normally any nonprofessional can understood it in
E
M ~ Geologist Henok T. Tewelde
AEEC | August 2017
the Cartesian or rectangular coordinate system as
three spatial dimensions that enables anybody to
visualize the up-down, forward-backward and left-
right including the fourth dimension that includes
time parameter that is why Einstein used to call it
space-time curve. Micho Kaku discovered the
hyperspace with 10D complicated a new version of
mathematical finding through physics. Which are 9D
specialized dimensions whereas the tenth is time
parameter. It fits somehow with cosmological
theories (evolution of physics) especially when
getting backward with time like the big bang.
However, at some point I think it becomes a hand-
me-down of Einstein. Although an amazing scientific
breakthrough in my understanding, it was not like
nature to replace everything beautiful and complete.
Other giant scientists discovered m-theory
(membrane theory) with 11D as 10D specialized
and time. Still the alternative parallel universes are
so states of continuous debate due to there are a
bunch of unanswered questions. In my opinion, I
would say in addressing issues I think the endless
loop like what Professor Albert said wont come to a
nature a Markov Chain. At this time, we are at the
age of machine learning on handling huge data using
the concept of statistics to mine the data may be
automated neural network, Bayesian, support
vectors, nearest neighbor or what so ever. Our
machines are becoming smart in terms of both
objectives and processing capacity in its main CPU
(Control Processing Unit) along with amazing usage
of cloud technology. However, definitely at some
point it might have generate some problems with
different pattern, scale and nature and the human
being will not quit on finding remedial for the
problem grows. Then that remedial will bear
another cause for a completely different problem
and the human being is and will be in the chain
forever.
16
AEEC | August 2017 17
AEEC | August 2017 18
 AEEC AEEC

. Sense of humor from engineers prospective

AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC

AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~ AEEC ~
Three engineering students & the design
of human body
Three engineering students were gathered together discussing who must have
designed the human body.

One said, "It was a mechanical engineer. Just look at all the joints."

Another said, "No, it was an electrical engineer. The nervous system has many
thousands of electrical connections."

The last one said, "No, actually it had to have been a civil engineer. Who else would
run a toxic waste pipeline through a recreational area?"

Two engineering students and a great bike

Two engineering students were walking across a university campus when one said,
"Where did you get such a great bike?"

The second engineer replied, "Well, I was walking along yesterday, minding my
own business, when a beautiful woman rode up on this bike, threw it to the ground,
took off all her clothes and said, "Take what you want."

The first engineer nodded approvingly and said, "Good choice; the clothes probably
wouldn't have fit you anyway."

http://www.tickld.com/x/10-jokes-only-engineers-will-understand-who-says-engineers-dont-have-a-sense-o
~

AEEC | August 2017 19

ERITREA, A COUNTRY WITH 300+ ISLANDS AROUND ITS COASTAL WATERS WITH
EXOTIC FISHES FOUND NOWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD!

Photo by Madote

Eritrea purely magnificent

I often wonder about people who live in

Tropical countries,
what
August do their screen savers look like
AEEC | 2017 20

~ Derick Lengwenus
~
A
E ASMARA INSCRIBED ON TO THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST
E
M On 7 July 2017, at the world of this African modernist treasure.
~ 41st Session of the World
Heritage Committee that took Eritrea started Normative mechanisms to preserve Asmaras
A place in Krakow, Poland from 7- heritage started as early as 2000 with the aim of protecting the
E 12 July 2017 Asmara: A unique architectural heritage of the city as well as the
E Modernist City of Africa has nomination process of Asmara as a World Heritage Site. In
M been inscribed on to the 2001, the municipality of the city of Asmara established a
UNESCO World Heritage List. Historical Perimeter and a moratorium on new construction
~ within this perimeter to safeguard the historical and cultural
This victorious achievement
A integrity of Asmara.
culminates years of research,
E planning, and campaigning, and
E is a victory not just for the In 2005, Asmara was included on the tentative list for
M Eritrean people, but for Africa inscription to the World Heritage List. And on 1 February
~ and the world at large. 2016, the State of Eritrea submitted the complete nomination
dossier and supporting documents to UNESCO for the
A inscription of Asmara on the World Heritage List. The
Asmara, the capital city of Eritrea, is a unique and distinct
E social environment of modernist architectural design realized Nomination Dossier reflected nearly two decades of
E in an African highland setting. The modernist buildings that collaborative research by professionals in Eritrea and abroad,
M make up the World Heritage Site of Asmara were built in late professionals with a wide range of disciplines. Asmaras
~ 19th and first half of 20th century. inscription onto the World Heritage List is the result of all the
hard work, research, and mechanisms put in place to inscribe
A
The architects who designed these buildings were Italian, and Asmara, Africas modernist city, as a site of world heritage.
E the material with which these buildings were built were a
E combination of local materials and imported ones. However, The State of Eritrea is signatory to the 1954 Convention for the
M the people who built these buildings were undoubtedly Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict,
~ Eritrean, and despite the colonial imprint embedded in such the 1972 World Heritage Convention, and the 2003 Convention
A buildings, Asmara has been incorporated into the Eritrean on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
identity and their struggle for self-determination, thus being a
E Asmaras inclusion on the World Heritage List for its
symbol of pride and achievement for the Eritrean people.
E outstanding modernist architecture and urban planning and its
M The inscription of Asmara into the World Heritage List is also a exceptional testimony of the universal aspiration for and
~ symbol of pride for African peoples. What was once an urban- attainment of national self-determination goes beyond merely
A scape of colonial planning that racially segregated Eritreans pursuing international recognition for its cultural assets.
from their colonizers, it is now a symbol of the decolonization Asmaras inscription also represents an opportunity to
E
of modernity and heritage, putting indigenous Africans at the encourage critical reflections on cultural relations and heritage
E center of world heritage while also embodying both colonial globally, and to promote stability and prosperity locally. In
M and postcolonial African life. addition, Asmara has the potential to contribute to UNESCOs
~ global strategy of redressing the comparative under-
A The historical, functional and architectural integrity of Asmara representation of African and modernist sites on the WHL.
E and in particular the subject architectural sites have been well
preserved despite the decades of war and upheaval Head of Delegation, Ambassador Hanna Simon
E
experienced by Eritrea to gain her independence from Ambassador to France and Permanent Representative to
M successive colonizers. UNESCO
~
A The inscription of Asmara on to the World Heritage List will Mr. Yared Tesfay, member of the Delegation of the State of
E encourage and increase current Eritrean efforts to restore and Eritrea to the 41 Session of the World Heritage Committee.
st

E maintain these buildings, as well as bring awareness to the

M

AEEC | August 2017 21

 Congratulations Asmara, capital of
Eritrean for been designated a
World Heritage site by UNESCO,
the United Nations cultural
organization.

AEEC | August 2017 22

 ALPHA ERITREAN ENGINEERS
MAGAZINE
AEEM

AEEC | August 2017 23

 Current Job Opportunities
Companies or Government Jobs Location & Number Closing Date
Electronic & Electrical Engineering
https://jobs.boeing.com/job/kent/senior- Senior Electrical Equipment / Systems DER or
electrical-equipment-systems-der-or-oda- ODA Unit Member, 1700010584, Kent Open Until Filled
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city/senior-electrical-equipment-systems- ODA Unit Member, 1700009492, Oklahoma Open Until Filled
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electrical-equipment-systems-der-or-oda- ODA Unit Member, 1700010588, Kent Open Until Filled
unit-member/185/5156860 Washington United States
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Aerodynamic Engineering
https://jobs.boeing.com/job/huntsville/qu Quality Engineer, 1700009388, Huntsville
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https://jobs.boeing.com/job/salisbury/qua Quality Assurance Operations Lead,

lity-assurance-operations- 1700011838, Salisbury Wiltshire United Open Until Filled
lead/185/5273236 Kingdom

Software Engineering
https://jobs.boeing.com/job/chantilly/soft Software Engineer, 1700000911, Chantilly
Open Until Filled
ware-engineer/185/4495976 Virginia United States
https://jobs.boeing.com/job/herndon/soft Software Engineer, 1700009317, Herndon
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ware-engineer/185/5234125 Virginia United States

https://jobs.boeing.com/job/chantilly/soft Software Engineer, 1700000912, Chantilly

ware-engineer/185/4495974
https://jobs.boeing.com/job/brisbane/seni
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designs/185/5276681
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designs/185/5276682
Open Until Filled
Virginia United States
Mechanical Engineering
Senior Mechanical Engineer,
Open Until Filled
BOE/1290537,Brisbane Australia
Senior Mechanical Engineer - Aircraft Designs,
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Senior Mechanical Engineer - Aircraft Designs,
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BOE/1290020BE, Brisbane Australia

AEEC | August 2017 24

~
A
E
E Authors
M
~
ABIEL M. WOLDU
abiel.m.woldu@gmail.com received his BS in
A If you need an updated
Software engineering from Asmara University in
E
E
Eritrea. Currently he is with TenMarks - an information, discussions or
Amazon subsidiary, where he spends most of his
M time building software that is used in schools to have an experience you would
~ support teachers and students. like to share with your fellow
A
E professionals feel free to
E
HENOK TEWELDE htewelde@terradyne.com
received his BS degree in physics and geology in contact us.
M 1998 from Asmara University in Eritrea.
~ Currently Henok is with Terradyne Engineering as
A Environmental Scientist. You will find us on
E
E YARED TESFAY ytmn2@yahoo.co.uk received www.linkedin.com/groups/Alp
M his degree in Economy & Administration / ha-Eritrean-Engineers-
~ Sociology in 1995 from FHS Hamburg. Currently
A Yared is Director of Media Affairs at the Embassy Community
of the State of Eritrea to the UK & Ireland.
E
E
M
~
A
E
E
M
~
A AEEC BE PART OF IT
E
E
M
~
IT CONNECTS
A
E
E IT INFORMS
M
~
IT SHARES EXPERIENCES
A
E
E
M

AEEC | August 2017 25