MALAYSIAN
STANDARD
MS 761 : 1982
ICS : 75.080
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR THE STORAGE AND
HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE
AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
This Malaysian Standard, which had been approved by the Chemical and
SIRIM wishes to draw attention to the fact that this Malaysian Standard does not
purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
The Malaysian Standards are subject to periodical review to keep abreast of progress
in the industries concerned. Suggestions for improvements will be recorded and in
due course brought to the notice of the Committees charged with the revision of the
1
MS761 :1982
CONTENTS
Page
Committee representation 5
Foreword 6
2
MS761 :1982
CONTENTS (CONTD.)
Page
3
MS761 :1982
CONTENTS (CONTD.)
Page
Tables
Appendices
4
MS761 :1982
Committee representation
This Malaysian Standard was prepared by the Task Force on storage and Utilization of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
which consists of the following:
Tuan Haji Abdul Jalil Mahmud lChairman) Factories and Machinery Department
Encik Ooi Cheng Lee Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
Encik Lee Yuke Chin Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
5
MS761 :1982
FOREWORD
This Code of Practice was prepares by the Task Force on Storage and Utilization of
Petroleum and Petroleum Products. This Task Force is responsible to the Sub-
Committee on Storage and Sub-Committee on Utilization which were established by
the Committee on the Review of Petroleum Safety Laws and Regulations. It was
initiated as a result of steps taken to review the Petroleum Ordinance 1 949.
This code is based on the following standards of the United States National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA):
This code represents a standard of good practice and provides safety principles for the
design, construction and operation of installations for the storage and handling of
flammable and combustible liquids. Petroleum and petroleum products are in this
range of flammable and combustible liquids.
This code does not set out the whole field of requirements relating to wiring and
electrical equipment. However familiarity and compliance with good electrical safe
practice and with the relevant codes, standards and regulations are therefore
assumed. In this aspect attention is drawn to the requirements of the Electricity
Regulations 1951 (Revised 1977).
This code requires reference to a number of other standards, a listing of which is given
in appendix D.
6
MS761 :1982
7
MS761 :1982
1.2.1.1 C/ass I.Class I liquids shall be jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance
subdivided as follows: Flammable liquids having with appropriate standards.
flash points below 37.8C (100F).
In the absence of such standards, said authority
C/ass IA shall include those having flash points may require evidence of proper installation,
below 22.8C (73F) and having a boiling point procedure or use. The authority having
below 37.8C (100F). jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or
labelling practices of nationally recognized
C/ass lB shall include those having flash points testing laboratories, inspection agencies, or
below 22.8C (73F) and having a boiling point at other organizations concerned with product
or above 37.8C (100F). evaluations which are in a position to
determine compliance with app ropr iate
C/ass/C shall include those having flash points at standards for the current production of listed
or above 22.8C (73F) and below 37.8C items, and the satisfactory performance of such
(100F). equipment or materials in actual usage.
1.2.1.2 C/ass II: Combustible liquids having 1.3.3 Assemby occupancy shall mean the
~lash points at or above 37.8C (100F) and occupancy or use of a building or structure or any
below 60C (140F). portion thereof by a gathering of persons for
civic, political, travel, religious or recreation
1.2.1.3 C/ass ///. Combustible liquids having
purposes.
flash points at or above 60C (140F). Class Ill
liquids shall be subdivided as follows:
1.3.4 Atmospheric tank shall mean a storage
C/ass I//A shall include those having flash points tank which has been designed to operate at
at or above 60C (140F) and below 93.4C pressures from atmospheric to 3.5 kPa (gauge).
(200F).
1.3.5 Authority having jurisdiction shall mean
C/ass f//B shall include those having flash points the organization, office or individual responsible
at or above 93.4C (200F). for approving equipment, an installation, or a
procedure.
8
MS761 :1982
distillation performed in accordance with 1.3.16 Distillery shall mean a plant or that
MS 563 Method of test for distillation of portion of a plant where liquids produced by
petroleum products. may be used as the boiling fermentation are concentrated, and where the
point of the liquid. concentrated products may also be mixed,
stored, or packaged.
1.3.9 Boil-over shall mean the expulsion of
crude oil (or certain other liquids) from a burning 1.3.17 Educational occupancy shall mean the
tank. The light fractions of the crude oil burn off occupancy or use of a building or structure or any
producing a heat wave in the residue, which on portion thereof by persons assembled for the
reaching a water strata may result in the purpose of learning or of receiving educational
expulsion of a portion of the contents of the tank instruction.
in the form of froth.
1.3.18 Fire compartment shall mean an area of
1.3.10 Bulk plant shall mean that portion of a a building separated from the remainder of the
property where liquids are received by tank building by construction having a fire resistance
vessel, pipe lines, tank car, or tank vehicle, and of at least one hour and having all communicating
are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of openings properly protected by an assembly
distributing such liquids bytankvessel. pipe line, having a fire resistance rating of at least one hour.
tank car, tank vehicle, or container.
1.3.19 Flammable aerosol shall mean an
1.3.11 Chemical plant shall mean a large aerosol which is required to be labelled
integrated plant or that portion of such a plant Flammable by the appropriate authority.
other than a refinery or distillerywhere liquids are
produced by chemical reactions or used in 1.3.20. Flammabe liquid shall mean a liquid
chemical reactions. having a flash point below 37.8C (100F) and
having a vapour pressure not exceeding 276 kPa
1.3.12 Closed containers shall mean a con- (absolute) at 37.8C (100F).
tainer as herein defined, so sealed by means of a
lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapour 1.3.21 Flash point of a liquid shall mean the
will escape from it at ordinary temperatures. lowest temperature at which it gives off vapour in
sufficient concentration to ignite momentarily or
1.3.13 Combustible liquid shall mean a liquid flash on application of a flame as specified by
having a flash point at or above 37.8C (100F). appropriate test procedure and apparatus as
follows:
1.3.14 Container shall mean any vessel of 225
litres or less capacity used for transporting or (a) The flash point of Class I and Class II liquids
storing liquids. shall be determined in accordance with MS 648,
Method of test for flash point by the Abel
1.3.15 Crude petroleum shall mean raw Apparatus.
petroleum as it comes from the earth in its natural
unprocessed, unrefined state. It is composed (b) The flash point of a Class III liquid shall be
principally of hydrocarbons with traces of determined in accordance with MS 686, Method
sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds and can of test for flash and fire points by Pensky-Martens
be removed from the earth in a liquid state. Closed Tester.
9
MS 761 :1982
As an alternate, ASTM D3243, Standard 1.3.26 Liquid shall mean, any material which
methods of testsforflash point of aviationturbine has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration
fuels by Setaflash Closed Tester, may be used for asphaltwhen tested in accordancewith MS 541,
testing aviation turbine fuels within the scope of Method for determining of penetration of
this procedure. (See note 1). bituminous materials. When not otherwise
identified, tlie term liquid shall mean both
As an alternate, ASTM D3278, Standard method flammable and combustible liquids.
of tests for flash point of liquids by Setaflash
Closed Tester, may be used for paints, enamels, 1.3.27 Low pressute t~ok,Low pressure tank
lacquers, varnishes and related products and shall mean a storage tank designed to withstand
their components having flash points between an internal pressure above 3.5 kPa (gauge) but
0C (32F) and 1 10C (230F) and having not more than 103 kPa (gauge).
viscosity lower than 1 50 stokes at 25C (7 7F)
(see note 1). - 1.3.28 Mercantile occupancy shall mean the
occupancy or use of a building or structure or any
NOTE 1. in the case of arty dispute the methods specified in (a) and (b) portion thereof for the displaying, selling or
shall be the referee method.
buying of goods, wares, or merchandise.
1.3.22 Flat shall mean a building or that 1.3.29 Office occupancy shall mean the
portion of a building containing more than two occupancy or use of-a building or structure or any
dwelling units. portion thereof for the transaction of business, or
the rendering or receiving of professional
1.3.23 -Hotel shall mean any building
services.
specifically designed and constructed or sub-
stantially adapted to be used to accomodate
1.3.30 Petroleum shall mean a naturally
persons for the purpose of gains or profit, with or
occurring mixture, consisting predominantly of
without arrangements for communal feeling, and
many different hydrocarbons, and can be
includes a boarding house, lodging-house or
gaseous (natural gas), liquid (crude petroleum),
guest-house.
solid (asphalt, tar, bitumen) or a combination of
1 .3,24 ~nstitutionaloccupancy shall mean the states. It is the raw material from which gasoline.
occupancy or use of a building or structure or any kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil, lubricating oil,
portion thereof by persons harboured or detained paraffin wax, bitumen and other products are
to receive medical, charitable or other care or obtained.
treatment, or by persons involuntarily detained.
1.3.31 Petroleum products shall mean
1.3.25 Labelled shall mean equipment or materials derived from petroleum, natural gas, or
materials to which has been attached a label, asphalt deposits; includes gasoline, kerosene,
symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally diesel fuel, fuel oil, lubricating oil, liquefied
recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, petroleum gases, waxes, greases, toluene,
or other organization concerned with product benzene and any like flammable and combustible
evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of liquids. -
production of labelled equipment or materials,
and by whose labelling is indicated compliance 1.3.32 Portable tank shall mean any closed
with nationally recognized standards or tests to vessel having a liquid capacity over 225 litres and
determine suitable usage in a specified manner. not intended for fixed installation.
10
MS 761 :1982
1.3.33 Pressure vessel shall mean any fired or (c) Attached building. A building having only
unfired vessel within the scope of the applicable one common wall with a building having other
section of the ASME Boiler and pressure vessel type occupancies.
code or equivalent standard acceptable to the
appropriate approving authority. -
1.3.40 Service stations
1.3.34 Protected shall mean protected with (a) Automotive service station shall mean that
approved automatic sprinklers. portion of property where liquids used as motor
fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed
1.3.35 Protection for exposures shall mean equipment into the fuel tanks of-motor vehicles
.fire protection for strudtures on property adjacent and may include any facilities available for the
to liquid storage. Fire protection for such sale and service of tyres, batteries and acces-
structures shall be acceptable when located (1) sories, and for minor automotive maintenance
within the jurisdiction of any public fire work. Major automotive repairs, hot-work, paint-
department, or (2) adjacent to plants having ing, body and fender work are excluded.
private fire brigades capable of providing cooling
water streams on structures on property adjacent (b) Marine service station shall mean that
to liquid storage. portion of a property where liquids used as fuels
are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment
- 1.3.36 Refinery shall mean a plant in which on shore, piers, wharves, or floating docks into
flammable or combustible liquids are produced the fuel tanks of self-propelled craft, and shall
on a commercial scale from crude petroleum. include all facilities used in connection therewith.
natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbon sources.
1.3.41 Unstable (reactive) liquid shall mean a
1.3.37 Residential building shall mean a liquid which in the pure state or as commercially
building or part thereof designed, adapted or produced or transported will vigorously poly-
used for human habitation. merize, decompose, condense, or will become
self-reactive under conditions of shock, pressure,
1.3.38 Safety can shall mean an approved or temperature.
container of not more than 20 litres capacity,
having a spring-closing lid and spout cover and 1.3.42 Vapour pressure shall mean the
so designed that it will safely relieve internal pressure, measured in kPa (absolute). exerted by
pressure when subjected to fire exposure. a volatile liquid as determined by MS 538
Methods of test of vapour pressure of petroleum
1.3.39 Separate inside storage area shall mean products (Reid method).
a room or building used for the storage of liquids
in containers or portable tanks, separated from 1.3.43 Vapour processing equipment shall
other types of occupancies. Such areas may mean those components of a vapour processing
include: system which are designed to processvapoursor
liquids captured during filling of tanks or
(a) /nsideroom.Aroomtotallyenclosedwithina containers or during fueling of vehicles.
building and having no exterior walls;
1.3.44 Vapour processing system shall mean a
(b) Cut-off room. A-room within a building and system designed to capture and process vapours
having at least one exterior wall; displaced during filling of tanks or containers or
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MS761 :1982
1.3.45 Vapour recovery system shall mean a 1.5.1.1 Fired pressure vessels shall be de-
system designed to capture and retain, without signed and constructed in accordance with the
processing. vapours displaced during filling of applicable sections of the ASME Boiler and
tanks or containers or during fueling of vehicles. pressure vessels code or equivalent standard
An example is a balanced-pressure vapaur acceptable to the appropriate approving
displacement system. authority.
1.3.46 Ventilation as specified in this code is 1.5.1.2 Unfired pressure vessels shall be
for the prevention of fire and explosion. It is designed and constructed in accordance with the
-considered adequate if it is sufficient to prevent applicable sections of the ASME Boiler and
accumulation of significant quantities of vapour- pressure vessels code~BS 5500, Unfired fusion
air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of welded pressure vessels or equivalent standard
the lower flammable limit. acceptable to the appropriate approving
authority.
1.3.47 Warehouses
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MS761 :1982
2.1.2.1 Tanks may be of any shape or type 2.1.4.1 The normal operating pressure of the
consistent with sound engineering design. tank shall not exceed the design pressure of the
tank.
2.1.2.2 Metal tanks shall be welded. riveted
and caulked. or bolted, oLcon~ructedby useofa 2.1.4.2 Low pressure tanks shall be built in
combination o-fth~~ methods. accordance with recognized standards of design.
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MS761 :1982
Low pressure tanks may be built in accordance 2.2 INSTALLATION OF OUTDOOR ABOVE-
with: GROUND TANKS
(a) American Petroleum Institute Standard 2.2.1 Location with respect to property lines,
No. 620, Recommended rules for the design and public ways and important buildings on the
construction of large, welded, low-pressure same property.
storage tanks. -
2.2.1.1 Every aboveground tanks for the
(b) The principles of the Code for unfired storage of Class I. Class II or Class lilA
pressure vessels of the ASME Boiler and liquids, except as provided in 2.2.1.2 and those
pressure vessels code. liquids with boil-over characteristics and un-
stable liquids, operating at pressures not ex-
(c) Any approved equivalent standards accept- ceeding 17 kPa (gauge) and designed with a weak
able to the appropriate approving authority. roof-to-shell seam or equipped with emergency
venting devices which will not permit pressures to
2.1.4.3 Tanks built according to Underwriters exceed 1 7 kPa (gauge)-, shall be located in
Laboratories Inc. requirements in 2.1.3.1 may be accordance with table 1.
used for operating pressures not exceeding 7 kPa
(gauge) and shall be limited to 1 7 kPa (gauge) (a) For the purpose of 2.2, a floating roof
under emergency venting conditions. tank is defined as one which incorporates either:
2.1.4.4 Pressure vessels may be used as low (1) A pontoon or double deck metal floating
pressure tanks. roof in an open top tank in accordance with
API Standard 650. or
2.1.5 Pressure vessels
(2) A fixed metal roof with ventilation at the
2.1.5.1 The normal operating pressure of the top and roof eaves in accordance with API
vessel shall not exceed the design pressure of Standard 650 and containing a metal floating
roof or cover meeting any one of the following
the vessel.
requirements:
2.1.5.2 Storage tanks designed to withstand
pressures above 103 kPa(gauge) shall meet the (i) A pontoon or double deck metal floating roof
requirements of 1 .5. -
meeting the requirements of API Standard 650.
14
MS761 :1982
2.2.1.2 Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to- authority having jurisdiction may, with the written
sKell seam and storing Class lIlA liquids may be consent of the owners of the two properties,
located at one-half the distances specified in substitute the distances provided in 2.2.2.1 to
table 1. provided the tanks are not within a 2.2.2.6 for the minimum distances set forth in
bunded area or drainage path for a tank 2.2.1.
storing a Class I or Class II liquid.
2.2.1.8 Where end failure of horizontal
2.2.1.3 Everyabovegroundtankforthestorage pressure tanks and vessels can expose property,
of Class I, Class II or Class lIlA liquids, except the tank shall be placed with the longitudinal
those liquids with boil-over characteristics and axis parallel to the nearest important exposure.
unstable liquids, operating at pressures ex-
ceeding 1 7kPa (gauge) or equipped with 2.2.2 Spacing (shell-to-shell) between any
emergency venting which will permit pressures to two adjacent aboveground tanks.
exceed 1 7 kPa (gauge) shall be located in
accordance with table 2. 2.2.2.1 Tanks storing Classes I. II or lIlA
stable liquids shall be separated in accordance
2.2.1.4 Every aboveground tank for storage of with table 7. except as provided in 2.2.2.2.
liquids with boil-over characteristics shall be
located in accordance with table 3. 2.2.2.2 Crude petroleum tanks having in-
dividual capacities not exceeding 477.000 litres
(a) Liquids with boil-over characteristics shall
(3.000 barrels), when located at production
not be stored in fixed roof tanks larger than 45 m facilities in isolated locations, need not be
diameter, unless an approved inerting system or separated by more than 1 m.
sub-surface foam injection system is provided on
the tank. -
2.2.1.6 Everyabovegroundtankforthestorage
2.2.2.4 For unstable liquids, the distance
of Class IlIB liquids, excluding unstable liquids.
between such tanks shall not be less than one-
shall be located in accordance with table 5 except
half the sum of their diameters.
when located within a bunded area or drainage
path for a tank or tanks storing a Class I or Class II
liquid. When a Class IIIB liquid storage tank is 2.2.2.5 When tanks are in a bunded area
within the bunded area oi drainage path for a containing Class I or Class II liquids, or in the
Class I or Class II liquid, 2.2.1.1 or 2.2.1.2 shall drainage path of Class I or Class II liquids, and are
apply. compacted in three or more rows or in an
irregular pattern, greater or other means may be
required by the authority having jurisdiction to
2.2.1.7 Where two tank properties of diverse make tanks in the interior of the pattern
ownership have a common boundary. the accessible for fire fighting purposes.
15
MS761 :1982
Minimum distance in
Minimum distance in
metres from property
line which is or can metres from nearest side
Protection of any public way or from
Type of be built upon, includ- nearest permanent build-
tank ing the opposite side .
ung on the same property
of a public way and and shall be not less
shell be not less than
than 2.3 m
2.3 m
Approved foam
or inerting
times diameter of 1/6 times diameter of
system on
tanks not ex- tank tank
ceeding 45 m
Vertical in diameter**
with weak Protection 1/3 times diameter of
roof to
for Diameter of tank tank
shell
exposures*
seam (see
2.2.1.1> . .
2 times diameter of 1/3 times diameter of
None tank but need not
tank
exceed 107 m
Approved
inerting
Horizontal system on
and vertical the tank or
with emer- approved times table 6 times table 6
gency relief foam system
venting to on vertical
limit pres- tanks
sures to Protection
17 kPa for Table 6 Table 6
(gauge) exposures*
16
MS761 :1982
. Protection
Floating times diameter of 1/6times diameter of
roof for
tank tank
exposures*
[see
2.2.1.1(a)] None Diameter of tank 1/6 times diameter of
tank
Approved
foam or
inerting Diameter of tank 1/3 times diameter of
tank
system
Fixed roof .
[see Protection
2.2.1.4(c)] 2 times diameter of 2/3times of diameter
for
tank tank
exposures*
4 times diameter of
None tank but need not 2/3 times diameter of
exceed 107 m. tank -
17
MS 761:1982
Tank
protected
with any one
of the
Horizontal
following:
and approved
vertical water spray,
tanks wi.th approved
emergency inerting, Tables 2 to 6 but not
relief Not less than 7.5 m
less than 7.5 m
venting to approved
insulation
permit and refri-
pressure
geration,
notin -
approved
excess of barricade
17 kPa
(gauge)
-
,
Protection 2 times table 6 but
for Not less than 15 m
exposures* not less than 15 m
Tank
protected
with any one
ofthe
Horizontal .
and following:
vertical approved
tanks with water spray, 2 times table 6 but Not less than 15 m
approved not less than 15 m
emergency
relief inerting,
venting approved
insulation
to permit and refri-
pressure
geration.
over 17 kPa
(gauge) approved
barricade
18
MS761 :1982
or less 2.3
to 110,000 3 2.3
to 190,000 3 3
to 380,000 4.5 3
or more 4.5 4.5
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MS761 :1982
All tanks not 1/6 sum of adja- 1/6 sum of adja- 1/6 sum of adja-
over 45 m dia- cent tank dia- cent tank dia- cent tank dia-
meter meters but not meters but not meters but not
less than 1 m less than 1 m less than 1 m
around tanks in cent tank dia- cent tank dia- cent tank dia-
accordance with meters meters meters
2.2.3.3
2.2.2.6 The minimum horizontal separation 2.2.3 Control of spillage from aboveground
between an LP Gas container and a Class I, Class II tanks
or Class lIlA liquid storage tank shall be 6 m
except in the case of Class I, Class II or Class lIlA 2.2.3.1 Facilities shall be provided so that
liquid tanks operating at pressures exceeding any accidental discharge of any Class 1,11 or their
1 7 kPa (gauge) or equipped with emergency lIlA liquids will be prevented from endangering.
venting which will permit pressures to exceed important facilities, adjoining property, or reach-
1 7 kPa (gauge) in which case the provisions of ing waterways, as provided for in 2.2.3.2 or
2.2.2.1 and 2.2.2.2 shall apply. Suitable means 2.2.3.3. Tanks storing Class IlIB liquids do not
shall be taken to prevent the accumulation of require special drainage or bunding provisions
Class I. Class Ii or Class lIlA liquids under adjacent for fire protection purposes.
LP Gas containers such as by bunds, diversion
2.2.3.2 Remote impounding. Where protection
curbs or grading. When flammable or com-
of adjoining property or waterways is by means of
bustible liquid storage tanks arewithin a bunded
drainage to a remote impounding area, so that
area, the LP Gas containers shall be outside the
impounded liquid ~iIl not be held against tanks,
bunded area and at least 3 m away from the
such systems shall comply with the following:
centre line of the wall of the bunded area. The
foregoing provisions shall not apply when LPGas
(a) A slope of not less than 1% away from the
containers of 470 litres or less capacity are
tank shall be provided for at least 15 m toward the
installed adjacent to fuel oil supply tanks of 2500
impounding area.
litres or less capacity. No horizontal separation is
required between aboveground LP Gas con-
tainers and underground flammable and com- (b) The impounding area shall have a capacity
bustible liquid tanks installed in accordance not less than that of the Iargesttankthat can drain
with 2.3. into it,
20
MS761 :1982
(c) The route of the drainage system shall be so extremely porous soils may require special
located that, if the liquids in the drainage system treatment to prevent seepage of hazardous
are ignited. the firewill not seriously exposetanks quantities of liquids to low-lying areas or
or adjoining property. waterways in case of spills.
(d) The confines of the impounding area shall be (e) Except as provided in (f) below, the walls of
located so that when filled to capacity the liquid the bunded area shall be restricted to an average
level will not be closer than 1 5 m from any interior height of 2 m above interior ground.
property line that is or can be built upon, or from
any tank. (f) Bunds may. be higher than an average of 2 m
above interior ground where provisions are made
2.2.3.3. Impounding around tanks by. bunding. for normal access and necessary emergency
When protection of adjoining property or access to tanks, valves and other equipment,and
waterways is by means of impounding by bunding safe egress from the bunded enclosure.
around the tanks, such system shall comply with
the following: (i) Where the average height of the bund
containing Class I liquids is over 4 m high.
(a) A slope of not less than 1 % away from the measured from interior ground, or where the
tank shall be provided for at least 1 5 m or to the distance between any tank and the top inside
bund base, whichever is less. edge of the dile wall is less than the height of the
bund wall, provisions shall be made for normal
(b) The volumetric capacity of the bunded area operation of valves and for access to tank roof (s)
shall not be less than the greatest amount of without entering below the top of the bund. These
liquid that can be released from the largest tank provisions may be met through the use of remote
within the bunded area, assuming a full tank. To operated valves, elevated walkways or similar
allow for volume occupied by tanks, the capacity arrangements.
of the bunded area enclosing more than one tank
(ii) Piping passing through bund walls shall be
shall be calculated after deducting the volume of
designed to prevent excessive stresses as a result
the tanks, other than the largest tank, below the
of settlement of fire exposure.
height of the bund.
(iii) The minimum distance between tanks and
(c) To permit access, the outside base of the
toe of the interior bund walls shall be 1.5 m.
bund at ground level shall be no closer than 3 m
to any property line that is or can be built upon.
(g) Each bunded area containing two or more
tanks shall be subdivided preferably by drainage
(d) Walls of the bunded area shall be of earth. channels or at least by intermediate curbs in
steel, concrete or solid masonry designed to be order to prevent spills from endangering adjacent
liquidtight and to withstand a full hydrostatic tanks within the bunded area as follows:
head. Earthen walls 1 m or more in height shall
have a flat section atthe top not less than 600 mm (i) When storing normally stable liquids in
wide. The slope of an earthen wall shall be vertical cone roof tanks constructed with weak
consistent with the angle of repose of the material roof-to shell seam or approved floating roof
of which thewall is constructed. Bunded areas for tanks or when storing crude petroleum in
tanks containing Class I liquids located in producing areas in any type of tank, one
21
MS761 :1982
subdivision for each tank in excess of water sources. public sewers. or public drains, if
1,590,000 litres (10,000 barrels) and one sub- their presence would constitute a hazard. Control
division for each group of tanks [no tank of drainage shall be accessible under fire
exceeding 1.590,000 litres (10.000 barrels) conditions from outside the bund.
capacity] having an aggregate capacity not
exceeding 2,385,000 litres (1 5,000 barrels). (i) Storage of combustible materials, empty or
full drums or barrels, shall not be permitted within
(ii) When storing normally stable liquids in the bunded area.
tanks not covered in subsection (1), one
subdivision for each tank in excess of 397,000
2.2.4 Normal venting for aboveground tanks
litres (2,500 barrels) and one subdivision for
each group of tanks (no tank exceeding 397,000 2.2.4.1 Atmospheric storage tanks shall be
litres (2,500 barrels capacity) having an adequately vented to prevent the development of
aggregate capacity not exceeding 568,000 litres vacuum or pressure sufficient to distort the roof
(3,570 barrels). of a cone roof tank or exceeding the design
pressure in the case of other atmospheric tanks,
(iii) When storing unstable liquids in any type of
as a result of filling or emptying, and atmospheric
tank, one subdivision for each tank except that
temperature changes. -
22
MS761 :1982
2.2.4.5 The outlet of all vents and vent drains 2.2.5.2 Tanks larger than 45,000 litres
on tanks equipped with venting to permit capacity storing Class IIIB liquids and not within
pressures exceeding 1 7 kPa (gauge) shall be the bunded area or the drainage path of Class I or
arranged to discharge in such a way as to prevent Class II liquids do not require emergency relief
localized over-heating of. or flame impingement venting.
on, any part of the tank, in the event vapours from
such vents are ignited. 2.2.5.3 In a vertical tank the construction
referred to in 2.2.5.1 may take the form of a
2.2.4.6 Tanks and pressure vessels storing floating roof, lifter roof, a weak roof-to-shell
Class IA liquids shall be equipped with venting seam, or other approved pressure relieving
devices which shall be normally closed except construction. The weak roof-to-shell seam shall
when venting to pressure or vacuum conditions. be constructed to fail preferential to any other
seam.
Tanks and pressure vessels storing class lB and IC
liquids shall be equipped with venting devices 2.2.5.4 Where entire dependence for
which shall be normally closed except when emergency relief is placed upon pressure
venting under pressure orvacuum conditions, or relieving devices, the total venting capacity of
with approved flame arresters. Tanks of 477,000 both normal and emergency vents shall be
litres (3,000 barrels) capacity or less containing enough to prevent rupture of the shell or bottom
crude petroleum in crude-producing areas, and of the tank if vertical, or of the shell or heads if
outside aboveground atmospheric tanks under horizontal. If unstable liquids are stored, the
3790 litres capacity containing other than Class effects of heat or gas resulting from polymeriza-
IA liquids may have open vents (see 2.2.6.2). tion, decomposition, condensation, or self-
reactivity shall bd taken into account. The total
2.2.4.7 Flame arresters or venting devices capacity of both normal and emergency venting
required in 2.2.4.6 may be omitted for lB and IC devices shall be not less than that derived from
liquids where conditions are such that their use table 8 and 9 except as provided in 2.2.5.6 or
may. in case of obstruction, result in tank
- 2.2.5.7. Such device may be a self-closing
damage. Liquid propertiesjustifying the omission manhole cover, or- one using long bolts that
of such devices include, but are not limited to, permit the cover to lift under internal pressure, or
condensation, corrosiveness, crystallization, an additional or larger relief valve or valves. The
polymerization, freezing or plugging. When any wetted area of the tank shall be calculated on the
of these conditions exist, consideration may be basis of 55% of the total exposed area of a sphere
given to heating,use of devices employing special or spheroid. 75% of the total exposed area of a
materials of construction, the use of liquid seals, horizontal tank and the first 9 m aboveground of
or inerting. the exposed shell area of a vertical tank. (When
more detailed information is required, the
2.2.5 Emergency relief venting for fire ex- American Petroleum Institute Standard No.
posure for aboveground tanks. 2000, Venting atmospheric and low-pressure
storage tanks should be consulted).
2.2.5.1 Except as provided in 2.2.5.2. every
aboveground storage tank shall have some form 2.2.5.5 -If the wetted area do not exceed 260 m2
of construction or device that will relieve and the tank is designed for pressures over 8 kPa
excessive internal pressure caused by exposure (gauge), the total rate of venting shall be
fires. determined in accordance with table 8. When the
23
MS 761:1982
1 321 35 8510
2 6.43 40 9200
3 964 45 9875
4 1286 50 10450
5 1607 55 11010
6 1929 65 12110
7 2250 75 13130
8 2572 85 14100
9 2893 95 15000
10 3214 110 15680
12 3857 130 16600
14 4500 150 17400
16 5143 170 18170
18 5786 200 19200
20 - 6200 230 20170
25 7030 260 21000
30 7800 and over**
24
MS761 :1982
exposed wetted area of the surface exceeds 3 for water spray in accordance with NEPA 1 5,
-260 m2 and the tank is designed for pressure over Standard for water spray fixed systems for fire
7 kPa (gauge), the total rate of venting shall be in protection. and drainage in accordance with
accordance with table 9 or calculated by the 2.2.3.2.
following formula:
3 for insulation in accordance with 2.2. 5.7(a).
C = 220A82
where, .1 5 for water spray with insulation in accordance
C is the venting requirement, in cubic.metres of with 2.2.5.7(a) and drainage in accordance with
free air per hour; 2.2.3.2.
A is the exposed wetted surface, in square metres. (a) Insulation systems for which credit is taken
shall meet the following performance criteria:
2.2.5.6 The total venting requirements deter-
mined from table 8 are based on the assumption (i) Remain in place under fire exposure
that the stored liquid will have the characteristics conditions.
of hexane, since this will provide results which are
(ii) Withstanding dislodgment when subjected
within an acceptable degree of accuracy for
almost all petroleum liquids encountered. How- to hose stream impingement during fire ex-
ever, if a greater degree of accuracy is desired, posure. This requirement may be waived where
the total emergency relief venting capacity for any use of solid hose st~eamis not contemplated or
would not be practical. -
specific stable liquid can be determined by the
following formula:
(iii) Maintain a maximum conductancevalue of
20 kcal/m2hC ~vhenthe outer insulation jacket
or cover is at a temperature of 904C (1,660F)
Emergency relief venting capacity (m3/h) =
~110v and when the mean temperature of the insulation
is 538C (1.000F). -
2.2.5.7 For tanks containing stable liquids, the 2.2.5.9 Each commercial tank venting device
required air-flow rate of 2.2.5.4 or 2.2.5.6 may be shall have stamped on it the opening pressure,
multiplied by the appropriate factor listed in the the pressure at which the valve reaches the full
following schedule when protection is provided open position and the flow capacity at the latter
as indicated. Only one factor can be used for any pressure. If the start to open pressure is less than
one tank. 1 7 kPa (gauge) and the pressure at full open
position ~sgreater than 1 7 kPa (gauge) the flow
.5 for drainage in accordance with 2.2.3.2 for capacity at 1 7 kPa (gauge) shall also be stamped
tanks over 1 8 m2 of wetted area. on the venting device. The flow capacity shall be~
25
MS761 :1982
expressed in cubic metres per hour of air at vapour conservation or air pollution control.
101.5 kPa (absolute) and 15C. When tank vent piping is manifolded, pipe sizes
shall be such as to discharge, within the pressure
(a) The flow capacity of tank venting devices limitations of the system, the vapours they may be
under 200 mm in nominal pipe size shall be
- required to handle when manifolded tanks are
determined by actual test of each type and size of subject to the same fire exposure.
vent. These flow test may be conducted by the
manufacturer if certified by a qualified impartial 2.2.6.4 Vent piping for tanks storing Class I
observer, or may be conducted by a qualified, liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping
impartial outside agency. The flow capacity of for tanks storing Class II or Class Ill liquids unless
tank venting devices 200 mm nominal pipe size positive means are provided to prevent the
and larger. .including manhole covers with long vapours from Class I liquids from entering tanks
bolts or equivalent. may be calculated by the storing Class II or Class Ill liquids, to prevent
following formula: contamination (see 1.1.2) and possible change in
classification of the less volatile liquid.
Venting capacity (m3/h) = 0.0575 ~
2.2.7 Tank openings other than vents for
where, aboveground tanks
2.2.6.3 The manifolding of tank vent piping A fill pipe entering the top of a tank shallterminate
shall be avoided except where required for within 150mm of the bottom of the tankand shall
special purposes such as vapour recovery, be installed to avoid excessive vibration.
26
MS761 :1982
2.2.7.5 Filling and emptying connections for 2.3.2.2 Steel underground tanks shall be
Class I, Class II and Class lIlA liquids which are covered with a minimum of 600 mm of earth, or
made and broken shall be located outside of shall be covered with not less than 300 mm of
buildings at a location free from any source of earth, on top of which shall be placed a slab of
ignition and not less than 1 .5 m away from any reinforced concrete not less than 1 00 mm thick.
building opening. Such connections for any When they are, or are likely to be, subjected to
liquid shall be closed and Iiquidtight when not in traffic, they shall be protected against damage
use and shall be properly identified. from vehicles passing over them by at least 1 m of
earth cover, or 450mm of well-tamped earth plus
1 50 mm of reinforced concrete or 200 mm of
asphaltic concrete. When asphaltic or reinforced
2.3 INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND/ concrete paving is used as part of the protection,
MOUNDED TANKS it shall extend at least 300 mm horizontally
beyond the outline of the tank in all directions.
2.3.1 Location. Excavation for underground
storage tanks shall be made with due care to 2.3.2.3 Nonmetallic underground tanks shall
avoid undermining of foundations of existing be installed in accordance with the manu-
structures. Underground tanks or tanks under facturers instructions. The minimum depth of
buildings shall be so located with respect to cover shall be as specified in 2.3.2.2 for steel
existing building foundations and supports that tanks.
the loads carried by the latter cannot be
transmitted to the tank. The distance from any 2.3.2.4 For tanks built in accordance with
part of a tank storing Class I liquids to the nearest 2.1.3.1(a), the burial depth shall be such that the
wall of any basement or pit shall be not less than static head imposed at the bottom of the tank
300 mm, and to any property line that can be built will not exceed 69 kPa (gauge) if the fill or vent
upon, not less than I m. The distance from any pipe are filled with liquid. If the depth of cover is
part of a tank storing Class II or Class Ill liquids to greater than the tank diameter, the tank
the nearest wall of any basement, pit or property manufacturer shall be consulted to determin.e if
line shall be not less than 300 mm. reinforcement is required.
2.3.2 burial depth and cover 2.3.3 Corrosion protection. Corrosion protec-
tion for the tank and its piping shall be provided
2.3.2.1 Steel underground tanks shall beseton by one or more of the following methods: (1) use
firm foundations and surrounded with at least of protective coatings or wrappings; (2) cathodic
1 50 mm of noncorrosive inert material such as protection; or (3) corrosion resistant materials of
clean sand or gravel well-tamped in place. The construction. Selection of the type of protection
tank shall be placed in the hole with care, since to be employed shall be based uponthe corrosion
dropping or rolling the tank into the hole can history of the area and the judgement of a
break a weld, puncture or damage the tank, or qualified engineer.
scrape off the protective coating of coated tanks.
Mounded tanks shall be treated as underground 2.3.4 Abandoned underground tanks. Under-
tanks and the appropriate requirements shall ground tanks taken out of service shall be safe-
apply. guarded or disposed of in a safe manner.
27
MS761 :1982
Compliance with the provisions contained within shall not be less than 32 mm nominal inside
appendix A shall be considered to meet this diameter. The required venting capacity depends
requirement. upon the filling or withdrawal rate, whichever is
greater. and the vent line length. Unrestricted
2.3.5 Vents for underground tanks vent piping sized in accordance with table 1 Owill
prevent back-pressure development in tanks from
2.3.5.1 Location and arrangement of vents for exceeding 1 7 kPa (gauge). Where tank venting
Class I liquids. Vent pipes from underground devices are installed in vent lines, their flow
storage tanks storing Class I liquids shall be so capacities shall be determined in accordance
located that the discharge point is outside of with 2.2.5.9.
buildings, higher than the fill pipe opening, and
not less than 4 m above the adjacent ground level.
Table 10. Vent line diameters
Vent pipes shall not be obstructed by devices
provided for vapour recovery or other purposes
Nominal pipe size, mm
unless the tank and associated piping and Maximum flow
28
MS 761 :1982
2.3.5.5 When tank vent piping is manifolded. 2.3.6.5 Filling and emptying and vapour re-
pipe sizes shall be such as to discharge. within the covery connections for Class I. Class II or Class
pressure limitations of the system, the vapours lIlA liquids which are made and broken shall be
they can be required to handle when manifolded located outside of buildings at a location free
tanks are filled simultaneously. from any source of ignition and not less than 1.5
m away from any building opening. Such
Exception: For service stations, the capacity of connections shall be closed and Iiquidtightwhen
manifoldd vent piping shall be sufficient to not in use and shall be properly identified.
discharge vapours generated when two mani-
folded tanks are simultaneously filled. 2.3.6.6 Tank openings provided for purposes
of vapour recovery shall be protected against
2.3.5.6 Vent piping for tanks storing Class I possible vapour release by means of a spring-
liquids shall not be manifolded with venf piping loaded check valve or dry-break connection, or
for tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids unless other approved device, unless the opening is
positive means are provided to prevent the pipe-connected to a vapour processing system.
vapours from Class I liquids from entering tanks Openings designed for combined fill and vapour
storing Class II or Class III liquids, to prevent recovery shall also be protected agaLnst vapour
contamination (see 1.1 .2) and possible change in release unless connection of the liquid delivery
classification of the less volatile liquid. line to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the
vapour recovery line: All connections shall be
2.3.6 Tank openings other than vents for va p0 u rti g ht.
underground tanks
29
MS 761:1982
2.4.3 Vent piping. Vent piping shall be heavy-duty flat gauge glasses, magnetic,
constructed in accordance with section 3. hydraulic or hydrostatic remote reading devices
and sealed float gauges.
2.4.4. Tank openings other than vents for
tanks inside buildings 2.4.4.5 For Class lB and Class IC liquids other
than crude oils, gasolines and asphalts, the fill
2.4.4.1 Connections for all tanks openings pipe shall be so designed and installed as to
shall be liquidtight. minimize the possibility of generating static
electricity by terminating within 1 50 mm of the
2.4.4.2 Each connection to a tank inside of bottom of the tank.
buildings through which liquid can normally flow
shall be provided with an internal or an external 2.4.4.6 The fill pipe inside of the tank shall be
valve located as close as practical to the shell of installed to avoid excessive vibration of the pipe.
the tank.
2.4.4.7 The inlet of the fill pipe and the outlet of
2.4.4.3 Tanks for storage of Class I or Class II
a vapour recovery line for which connections are
liquids inside buildings shall be provided with
made and broken shall be located outside of
either:
buildings at a location free from any source of
ignition and not less than 1.5 m away from any
(a) a normally closed remotely activa.ted valve;
building opening. Such connetions shall be
(b) an automatic-closing heat-activated valve; closed and tight when not in use and shall be
or properly installed.
(c) another approved device on each liquid 2.4.4.8 Tanks storing Class I, Class II and Class
transfer connection below the liquid level, except lIlA liquids inside buildings shall be equipped
for connections used for emergency disposal, to with a device, or other means shall be provided, to
provide for quick cut-off of flow in the event of fire prevent overflow into the building Suitable
in the vicinity of the tank. devices include, but are not limited to, a float
valve, a preset meter on the fill line, a valve
This function can be incorporated in the valve actuated by the weight of the tank contents, a low
required in 2.4:4.2, and if a separate valve, shall head pump which is incapable of producing
be located adjacent to the valve required in overflow, or a Iiquidtight overflow pipe at least
2.4.4.2. one pipe size larger than the fill pipe discharging
by gravity back to the outside source of liquid or
2.4.4.4 Openings for manual gauging of Class I to an approved location.
or Class II liquids, if independent of the fill pipe,
shall be provided with a vapourtight cap orcover. 2.4.4.9 Tank openings provided for purposes
Openings shall be kept closed when notgauging. of vapour recovery shall be protected against
Each such opening for any liquid shall be possible vapour release by means of a spring-
protected against liquid overflow and possible loaded check valve or dry-break connections, or
vapour release by means of a spring loaded check other approved device, unless the opening is
valve or other approved device. Substitutes for pipe-connected to a vapour processing system.
manual gauging include. but are not limited to, Openings designed for combined fill and vapour
30
MS 761:1982
recovery shall also be protected against vapour engineering consideration. Appendix N of the API
release unless connection of the liquid delivery Standard No. 620, Recommended rules for the
line to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the design and construction of large, welded, low-
vapour recovery line. All connections shall be pressure storage tanks, contains information
yapo u rti g ht. regarding supporting structures.
2.5.1 Tanks shall rest on the ground or on 2.5.6 Where a tank is located in an area that
foundations made of concrete, masonry, piling or may be subjected to flooding, the applicable
steel. Tank foundations shall be designed to precautions outlined in appendix B shall be
minimize the possibility of uneven settling of the observed.
tank and to minimize corrosion in any part of the
tank resting on the foundation. Appendix E of API
Standard No. 650, Specification for welded steel 2.6 SOURCES OF IGNITION
tanks for oil storage. and appendix B of API
Standard No. 620, Recommended rules for the 2.6.1 In locations where flammable vapours
design and construction of large, welded, low- may be present, precautions shall be taken to
pressure storage tanks, provided information on prevent ignition by eliminating or controlling
tank foundations. sources of ignition. Sources of ignition may
include open flames, lightning, smoking, cutting
2.5.2 When tanks are supported above the and welding, hot surfaces, frictional heat, sparks
foundations, tank supports shall be installed on (static, electrical and mechanical), spontaneous
firm foundations. Supports for tanks storing ignition, chemical and physic~I-chemicalreac-
Class I, Class Iron Class lIlA liquids shall be of tion and radiant heat. NFPA 77, Recommended
concrete, masonry or protected steel. Single practice on static electricity, and MS___________
wood timber supports (not cribbing) laid hori- Code of practice for the protection of structures
zontally may be used for outside aboveground against lightning provide information on suCh
tanks if not more than 300 mm high at their protection. -
lowest point.
2.5.4 Thedesignofthesupportingstructurefor
tanks such as spheres shall require special Malaysian Standard in the course of preparation.
31
MS761 :1982
2.7.2 When the vertical length of the fill and available for vertical atmospheric fixed roof
vent pipes is such that when filled with liquid the storage tanks largerthan 1 90,000 litres, capacity
static head imposed upon the bottom of the tank storing Class I liquids if located in a congested
exceeds 69 kPa (gauge), the tank and related area where there is an unusual exposure hazard
piping shall be tested hydrostatically to a to the tank from adjacent property orto adjacent
pressure equal to the static head thus imposed. In property from the tank. Fixed roof tanks storing
special cases where the height of the vent above Class II or Ill liquids at temperatures below their
the top of the tank is excessive, the hydrostatic flash points and floating roof tanks storing any
test pressure shall be determined by using liquid generally do not require protection when
recognized engineering practice. installed in compliance with 2.2.
2.7.3 In addition to the test called for in 2.7.1 2.8.2 Signs and notices
and 2.7.2, all tanks and connections shall be
tested for tightness. Except for underground 2.8.2.1 The application of NFPA 704, ldenti~
tanks, this tightness shall be made at operating fication of the fire hazards of materials, to storage
pressure with air, inert gas or water prior to tank containing liquids shall not be required
placing the tank in service. In the case of field- except when the contents have a health or
erected tanks the test called for in 2.7.1 or 2.7.2 reactivity degree of hazard of 2 or more or a
may be considered to be the test for tank flammability rating of 4. The marking need not be
tightness. Underground tanks and piping, before applied directly to the tank but located where it
being covered, enclosed, or placed in use, shall c,an readily be seen, such as on the shoulder of an
be tested for tightness hydrostatically, or with air accessway or walkway to the tank or tanks or on
pressure at not less than 21 kPa (gauge) and not the piping outside of the bunded area. If more
more than 35 kPa (gauge) (see 3.7.1 for testing than one tank is involved, the markings shall be so
pressure piping). located that each tank can readily be identified.
2.7.4 Before the tank is initially placed in 2.8.2.2 Where flammable and combustible
service, all leaks or deformations shall be liquids are stored, a sign in accordance with
corrected in an acceptable manner. Mechanical MS 683, Class labels for dangerous goods,
caulking is not permitted for correcting leaks in appropriate to the class, shall be provided.
welded tanks.
2.8 FIRE PROTECTION AND IDENTIFICA- (a) Gauged at frequent intervals while receiving
TION transfer of product and communications main-
tained with mainline pipeline or marine personnel
2.8.1 Afire extinguishing system in accordance so that flow can be promptly shut down or
with an approved standard shall be provided or be diverted, or
32
MS 761:1982
(b) Equipped with an independent high level devices which serve such purposes as mixing,
alarm located where personnel are on duty during separating, snubbing, distributing, metering, or
the transfer and can promptly arrange for flow controlling flow.
stoppage or diversion, or
(c) Equipped with an independent high level 3.2 MATERIALS FOR PIPING, VALVES AND
alarm system that will automatically shut down or FIlliNGS
divert flow.
3.2.1 Pipe, valves, faucets, fittings and other
pressure containing parts as covered in 3.1.3
shall meet the material specifications and
pressure and temperature limitations of ANSI
B31.3 Petroleum refinery piping, or ANSI
B31.4. Liquid petroleum transportation piping
systems or equivalent except as provided by
SECTION THREE: PIPING, VALVES AND
3.2.2. 3.2.3, and 3.2.4. Plastic or similar
FITTINGS
materials, as permitted by 3.2.4, shall be
3.1 GENERAL designed to specifications embodying recogniz-
ed engineering principles and shall be com-
3.1.1 The design, fabrication, assembly. test patible with the fluid service.
and inspection of piping systems containing
liquids shall be suitable for the expected working 3.2.2 Nodular iron shall conform to ASTM
pressures and structural stresses. Conformity A395. Ferritic ductile iron pressure retaining
with the applicable sections of ANSI B31. Code castings for use at elevated temperatures.
for pressure piping or equivalent, and the
provisions of this section shall be considered 3.2.3 Valves at storage tanks, as required by
2.2.7.1 and 2.4.4.2. and their connections to the
prima facie evidence of compliance with the
tank shall be of steel or nodular iron except as
foregoing provisions.
provided in 3.2.3.1 or 3.2.3.2.
3.1.2 This section does not apply to any of the
3.2.3.1 Valves at storage tanks may be other
following:
than steel or nodular iron when the chemical
(a) Tubing or casing on any oil orgaswells and characteristics of the liquid stored are not
any piping connected directly thereto. compatible with steel or when installed internally
to the tank. When installed externallytothetank.
(b) Motor vehicle, aircraft. boat or portable or the material shall have a ductility and melting
stationary engine. point comparable to steel or nodular iron so asto
withstand reasonable stresses and temperatures
(c) Piping within the scope of any applicable involved in fire exposure. or otherwise be
boiler and pressure vessel code. protected such as by materials having a fire
resistance rating of not less than two hours.
3.1.3 Piping systems consist of pipe. tubing,
flanges, bolting. gaskets, valves, fittings. the 3.2.3.2 Cast iron, brass, copper. aluminium.
pressure containing parts of other components malleable iron, and similar materials maybe used
such as expansion joints and strainers, and on tanks described in 2.2.2.2 or for tanks storing
33
MS 761 :1982
Class lllB liquids when the tank is located above or below ground. If used aboveground
outdoors and not within a bunded area or outside of buildings, the piping shall either be
drainage path of a tank storing a Class I, Class II secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting,
or Class !IIA liquid. or the piping system shall be so designed that any
spill resulting from disengagement could not
3.2.4 Low melting point materials. such as unduly expose persons, permanent buildings or
aluminium, copper and brass; or materials which structures, and could be readily controlled by
soften on fire exposure, such as plastics; or remote valves.
nonductile material such as cast iron, may be
,
3.2.5 Piping, valves and fittings may have 3.5.1 All piping for liquids, both aboveground
combustible or non-combustible linings. and underground, where subject to external
corrosion, shall be painted or otherwise
protected.
34
MS 761 :1982
4.1.1 This section shall apply to the storage of 4.2.1 Only approved containers and portable
liquids, including flammable aerosols, in durms tanks shall be used. Metal containers and
or other containers not exceeding 225 litres portable tanks meeting the requirements of, and
individual capacity and portable tanks not containing products authorized by, Code of
exceeding 2500 litres individual capacity and Federal Regulations (United States Department
limited transfers incidental thereto. of Transportation (DOT) Regulations) or
NFPA 386, Standard for portable shipping tanks
or equivalent, shall be acceptable.
4.1.2 This section shall not apply to the
following: 4.2.2 Each portable tank shall be provided with
one or more devices installed in the top with
(a) Storage of containers in bulk plants. service
sufficient emergency venting capacity to limit
stations, refineries, chemical plants and
internal pressure under fire exposure conditions
distilleries.
to 69 kPa (gauge), or 30% of the bursting
(b) Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles pressure of the tank, whichever is greater. The
aircraft, boats or portable or stationary engines. total venting capacity shall be not less than that
specified in 2.2.5.4 or 2.2.5.6-. At least one
(c) Beverages when packaged in individual con- pressure-actuated vent having a minimum
tainers not exceeding a capacity of 4 litres. capacity of 170 m3 of free air per hour[101.5 kPa
35
MS761 :1982
(absolute) and 1 5C] shall be used. It shall be set 4.3 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND CAPACITY
to open at not less than 35 kPa (gauge). If fusible OF STORAGE CABINETS
vents are used. they shall be actuated by elements
that operate at a temperature not exceeding 4.3.1 Not more than 450 litres of Class I, Class
1 50C. When used for paints, drying oils and II and Class lIlA liquids may be stored in a storage
similar materials where plugging of the pressure- cabinet. Of this total, not more than 225 litres
actuated vent can occur, fusible vents or vents of may be of Class I and ClassIl liquids and not more
the type that soften to failure at a maximum of than three (3) such cabinets may be located in a
1 50C under fire exposure. may be used for the single fire compartment, except that in an
entire emergency venting requirement. industrial occupancy, additional cabinets may be
located in the same fire compartments if the
4.2.3 Containers and portable tanks for liquids additional cabinet, or group of not more than
shall conform to table 11 except as provided in three (3) cabinets is separated from other
4.2.3.1 or 4.2.3.2. cabinets or group of cabinets by at least 30 m.
Glass 0,5 1 4 4 20
Metal (other than
DOT drums) or -
approved plastic 4 20 20 20 20
Safety cans 7,5 20 20 20 20
Metal drum
(DOT Spec) 225 225 225 225 225
Approved portable
tanks 2500 2500 2500 250C) 2500
36
M5761 :1982
4.4.1.2 Openings in interior walls to adjacent 4.4.1.4 Storage in inside rooms shall comply
rooms or buildings shall be provided with: with table 12. -
(a) Normally - closed, approved 11/2 hour fire 4.4.1.5 Electrical equipment and wiring
doors for interior walls with fire resistance rating located in inside booms used for Class I liquids
of 2 hours or less. Where interior walls are shall meet the requirements for Zone 2 (see
required- to have greater than 2 hours fire appendix C). Electrical equipment and wiring
resistance rating, the approvedfiredoors shall be located in inside rooms used for Class II and Class
compatible with the wall rating. Doors may be Ill liquids shall meet the requirements of the
arranged to stay open during material handling Electricity Regulations 1951 (Revised 1977) for,
operations if doors are designed to close general use.
Fire protection system shall be sprinkler. water spray, carbon dioxiae. dry chemical. halon or
other approved system.
37
MS 761 :1982
4.4.1.6 Every inside room shall be provided shall provide ready accessibility for fire fighting
with either a gravity or a continuous mechanical operations through provision of access
exhaust ventilation system. Mechanical ventila- openings, windows or lightweight non-
tion shall be used if Class I liquids are dispensed combustible wall panels.
within the room.
Where Class IA or lB liquids are dispensed. or
(a) Exhaust air shall be taken from a point near a where Class IA liquids are stored in containers
wall on one side of the room and within 300 mm larger than 4 litres, the exterior wall or roof
of the floor with one or more make-up inlets construction shall be designed to include
located on tF~eopposite side of the room within explosion venting features, such as lightweight
300 mm fr~mthe floor. The location of both the wall assemblies, light-weight roof assemblies.
exhaust and inlet air openings shall be arranged roof hatches or windows of the explosion venting
to provide, as far as practicable. air movements type.
across all portions of the floor to prevent
acOumulation of flammable vapours. Exhaust 4.4.2.2 Where other portions of buildings or
from the room shall be directly to the exterior of other properties are exposed each opening in the
the building. If ducts are used, they shall not be exposing wall shall be protected with an
used for any other purpose and shall complywith approved 1 hour fire door installed in
the requirements of the Uniform Buildings By- accordance with an approved standard and the
Laws. If make-up air to a mechanical system is walls shall have a fire resistance rating of not less
taken from within the building, the opening shall than 2 hours.
be equipped with an approved fire door or
4.4.2.3 Except as noted in 4.4.2.6. interior
damper. For gravity systems. the make-up air
walls, ceiling and floors shall have a fire
shall be supplied from outside the building.
resistance rating of notlessthantwo hourswhere
floor area of the room or building exceeds 28 m2
(b) Mechanical ventilation systems shall
or a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour
provide at least 0.3 m3 per minute of exhaust per
for a floor area of 28 m2 or less. Such con-
squaremetre of floor area. but not less than
struction shall, comply with the test specifica-
4.3 m3/min.
tions given in the Uniform Building By-Laws.
Walls shall be liquidtight at the floor level.
4.4.1.7 In every inside room, an aisle at least
1 mwide shall be maintained sothat nocontainer 4.4.2.4 Openings in interior walls to adjacent
- is more than 4 m from the aisle. Containers over rooms or buildings shall be in accordance with
11 5 litres capacity storing Class I or Class II 4.4.1.2.
liquids shall not be stored more than one
container high. 4.4.2.5 Curbs. scuppers. special drains or
other suitable means shall be provided to prevent
4.4.1.8 Where dispensing is being done in the flow of liquids under emergency conditions
inside rooms, operations shall comply with the into adjacent building areas except where the
pro-visions of section 5. individual container capacity is 20 litres or less or
if the liquids stored are only Class Ill liquids. The
4.4.2 Cutoff rooms and attached buildings. drainage system, if used, shall have sufficient
capacity to carry off expected discharge of water
4.4.2.1 Construction design of exterior walls from fire protection systems and hose streams.
38
MS761 :1982
4.4.2.6 Roofs of attached buildings, one story class; the sum of proportional amounts shall not
in height, may be lightweight non-combustible exceed 1 00%. (See example).
construction if the separating interior wall as
specified in 4.4.2.3 has a minimum 1 m parapet. Example: It is desired to store Class 13. Class IC
and Class Il liquids in portable tanks according to
4.4.2.7 Unprotected storage in cutoff rooms the quantities permitted by table 1 3. If the
and attached buildings shall comply with table quantities of Class lB and Class IC liquids stored
1 3. (See 4.4.2.9 for mixed storage of liquids). are 1 900 litres (25% of maximum total permitted
for Class lB liquids) and 3800 litres (25% of
4.4.2.8 Protected storage in cuttoff rooms and maximum total permitted for Class IC liquids)
attached buildings shall comply with 4.6 as respectively, than the quantity of Class II liquids
applicable. (See 4.4.2.9 for mixed storage of that is permitted shall not exceed 20.800 litres
liquids). (50% of the maximum total permitted for Class II
liquids).
4.4.2.9 Where two or more classes of liquids
are stored in a single pile or rack section. the
maximum quantities and height of storage 4.4.2.10 Dispensing operations of Class I or
permitted in that pile or rack section shall be the Class II liquids are not permitted in cutoff rooms
smallest of the two or more separate quantities or attached buildings exceeding 93 m2floor area.
and heights. The maximum total quantities In rooms where dispensing is permitted.
permitted shall be limited to a sum of proportional electrical systems and ventilation shall be
amounts that each class of liquid present bears to provided per 4.4.1 .5 and 4.4.1 .6 and operations
the maximum total permitted for its respective shall comply with the provisions of section 6.
Table 13. Indoor unprotected storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks
Max. pile Max. quantity Max. total Max. pile Max. quantity Max. total
Class height per pile quantity height per pile quantity
(m) (litres) (litres) (m) (litres) (litres)
39
MS 761 :1982
4.4.2.11 Basement storage areas, Class I liquids shall be in containers stored in storage
liquids shall not be permitted in the basement cabinets, in safety cans. or in a separate inside
areas of cutoff rooms and attached buildings. storage area not having an opening com-
Class II and Class lIlA liquids may be stored in municating with that portion of the building used
basements provided that automatic sprinkler by the public.
protection and other fire protection facilities are
provided in accordance with 4.6. 4.5.4 Office, educational and institutional
occupancies. Storage shall be limited to that
required for operation of office equipment.
4.5 INDOOR STORAGE maintenance, demonstration and laboratory
work. This storage shall comply with the
4.5.1 Basic conditions provisions of 4.5.4.1 to 4.5.4.4 except that the
storage for industrial and educational laboratory
4.5.1.1 The storage of any liquids shall not work shall comply with the NFPA 45 Standard on
physically obstruct a means of egress. Class I fire protection for laboratories using chemicals.
liquids in other than separate inside storage areas
or warehouses shall be so placed that a fire in the 4.5.4.1 Containers for Class I liquids outside of
liquid storage would not preclude egress from the a separate inside storage area shall not exceed a
area. capacity of 4 litres exceptthat safety cans can be
of 7.5 litres capacity.
4.5.1.2 The storage of liquids in containers or
portable tanks shall comply with 4.5.2 to 4.5.7 as 4.5.4.2 Not more than 40 litres of Class I and
applicable. Where separate inside storage areas Class II liquids combined shall be stored outside
are required, they shall conform to 4.4. Where of a storage cabinet or a separate inside storage
other factors substantially increase or decrease area in a single fire compartment except in safety
the hazard, the authority having jurisdiction may cans.
modify the quantities specified.
4.5.4.3 Not more than 95 litres of Class I and
4.5.1.3 Liquids used for building maintenance Class II liquids combined shall be stored in a
painting or other similar infrequent maintenance single fire compartment in safety cans outside of
purposes may be stored temporarily in closed a separate inside storage area or storage cabinet.
containers outside of storage cabinets or
separate inside storage areas, if limited in 4.5.4.4 Not more than 225 litres of Class lIlA
amount, not to exceed a 10-day supply at Iiquids shall be stored outside of a separate inside
anticipated rates of consumption. storage area or storage cabinet.
4.5.2 Residential buildings and flats. Storage 4.5.5. Mercantile occupancies and retail
in excess of 40 litres per household of Class I and stores; and other related areas accessible to the
Class II liquids combined shall be prohibited. In public.
addition, storage in excess of 50 litres per
household of Class lIlA liquid shall be prohibited. 4.5.5.1 In rooms or areas accessible to the
public, storage of Class I, Class II and Class lIlA
4.5.3 Assembly occupancies and hotels. liquids shall be limited to quantities needed for
Storage in excess of 40 litres of Class I and Class display and normal merchandising purposes but
II liquids combined or 225 litres of Class lIlA shall not exceed 80 litres per m2 of gross floor
40
MS761 :1982
4.5.5.4 Containers shall not be stacked more (a) Class lB and IC 2500 1.5m
litres high
than 1 m or 2 containers high. whichever is the
greater. unless on fixed shelving or otherwise (b) Class II 5200 1,5.m
satisfactorily secured. litres high
(c) Class lIlA 10,400 3 m
4.5.5.5 Shelving shall be of stable construc- - litres, high
tion, of sufficient depth and arrangement such
(d) Class IIIB 52,000 4.5 m
that containers displayed thereon shall not easily litres high.
be displaced.
The liquid storage shall also conform to 4.5.6.4,
4.5.5.6 Leaking containers shall be removed 4.5.6.5, 4.5.6.6 and 4.5.6.7.
immediately to an adequatelyventilated area, and
the contents transferred to an undamaged 4.5.6.4 Basementstorageareas. Class I liquids
container. shall not be permitted in the basement areas of
buildings. Class II and Class lIlA liquids may be
4.5.6 General purpose warehouses. (See 1.3). stored in basements provided that automatic
sprinkler protection and other fire protection
4.5.6.1 General purpose warehouse shall be facilities are provided in accordance with 4.6.
41
MS 761 :1982
4.5.6.5 Palletized, solid pile or rack storage. other type occupancies by standard 4-hour fire
Liquids in containers may be stored on pallets, in walls, with communicating openings protected
solid piles or on racks subject to the quantities on each side of the wall with automatic-closing
and heights limits of 4.5.6.3 provided the approved 3-hour fire doors. Fire doors shall be
protection is in accordance with 4.6, as installed in accordance with an approved
applicable. standard.
4.5.6.6. Separation and aisles. Palletized or 4.5.7.2 If the warehouse building is located
solid pile storage shall be arranged so that .piles more than 3 m but less than 1 5 m from a
permitted in 4.5.6.3 are separated from each permanent building or line of adjoining property
other by at at least 1 .2 m aisles. Aisles shall be that can be built upon. the exposing wall shall
provided so that no container is more than 3.6 m have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours
from an aisle. Where the storage of liquids is on with each opening protected with an approved
racks, a minimum of 2 m wide aisle shall be 1 1/2-hour fire door.
provided between adjacent rows of racks and
adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be a 4.5.7.3 If the warehouse is located 3 m or less
minimum of 2.4 m wide. Where ordinary from a permanent building or line of adjoining
combustible cornmodities are stored in the same property that can be built up on. the exposing wall
area as liquids in containers, the minimum shall have a fire resistance rating of 4 hours with
distance between the types of storage shall be each opening protected with an approved
2.4 m. - 3-hour fire door.
4.5.6.7 Mixed storage. Liquids shall not be 4.5.7.4 An attached warehouse, having com-
stored in the same pile or in the same rack municating openings in the required 4-hour fire
sections as ordinary combustible commodities. wall separation from the adjacent building area
Where liquids are packaged together with shall have these openings protected by:
ordinary combustibles. as in kits, the storage shall
be considered on the basis of whichever (a) Normally closed approved 3-hour fire doors
commodity predominates. When two or more on each side of the wall. These doors may be
c-lasses of liquids are stored in a single pile or arranged to stay open during material handling
single rack section, the maximum quantities operations, only if the doors are designed to close
permitted in the pile or rack section shall be the automatically in a fire emergency by provision of
smallest of the two or more separate maximum approved closure devices.
quantities. and the height of storage permitted in
(b) Non-combustible Iiquidtight, raised sills or
that pile or rack section shall be the least of the
ramps, at least 100mm in height, or other design
two or more separate heights.The maximum total
features to preventflowofliquidstotheadjoining
quantities permitted shall be limited to the sum of
proportional amounts that each class of liquid area.
present bears to the maximum total permitted for
4.5.7.5 Fire doors shall be installed in
its respective class. The sum of proportional
accordance with an approved standard.
amounts shall not exceed 100 %.
42
MS761 :1982
storage. shall comply with table 1 3. if un- 4.5.7.12 Mixed storage. When two or more
protected. or table 1 4 if protected with automatic classes of liquids are stored in a single pile, the
sprinklers in accordance with 4.6. The storage maximum quantity permitted in that pile shall be
heights of containers on protected racks shall the smallest of the two or more separate
comply with table i 5 as applicable. maximum quantities and the heights of storage
permitted in-that pile shall be the least of the two
4.5.7.7 Class I liquids shall not be permitted in or more separate heights as given in table 1 3 or
the basement areas of liquid warehouses. 14 as applicable. When two or more classes of
Class II and Class lIlA liquids may be stored in liquids are stored in the same racks as permitted
basements provided that automatic sprinkler in this code, the maximum height of storage
protection and other fire protection facilities are permitted shall be the least of the two or more
provided in accordance with 4.6. separate heights given in table 1 5.
4.5.7.10 No container or portable tank shall be 4.6.2 Where automatic sprinklers are used,
stored closer than 1 m to the nearest beam,
they shall be installed in accordance with the
chord, girder or other roof member in an
requirements of the Uniform Building By-Laws
unprotected warehouse.
and approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
4.5.7.11 Solid pile and palletized storage shall 4.6.2.1 Other systems such as automatic foam-
be arranged so that piles are separated from each water systems, automatic water-spray systems, or
other by at least 1 .2 m. Aisles shall be provided so other combinations of systems may be con-
that no container or tank is more than 3.6 m from sidered acceptable if approved by the authority
an aisle. Where storage on racks exists as having jurisdiction.
permitted in thiscode,a minimuml.2mwide aisle
shall be provided between adjacent rows of racks 4.6.3 Racks storing Class I or Cl.ass II liquids
and any adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be either single-row or double-row.
shall be a minimum of 2.4 m wide. and access
shall be maintained to all doors required for 4.6.4 Ordinary combustibles other than those
egress. used for packaging the liquids shall not be stored
43
MS761 :1982
Table 14. Storage arrangements for protected palletized or solid pile storage of
liquids in containers and portable tanks
Max. storage height (m) Max. quentity per pile (litres) Max. quantity (litres)
Class Storege level .~ -_
Those height limitations may be increased to 3 m for containers of 20 litres or less in capacity.
NOTE 3. See 4.6 for protection requirements as applicable to this type of storage.
NOTE 4. See 4.6 for protection requirements as applicable to this type of storage.
44
MS761 :1982
in the same rack section as liquids, and shall be 4.7.2 Control of ignition sources.
separated a minimum of 2.4 m horizontally, by
aisles or open racks, from liquids stored in racks. Precautions shall be taken to prevent the ignition
of flammable vapours. Sources of ignition
include but are not limited to open flames;
4.6.5 In-rack sprinklers shall be installed in
lightning; smoking; cutting and welding; hot
accordance with the provisions of NFPA 231C.
surfaces; frictional heat; static, electrical and
Rack storage of materials, except as modified by
mechanical sparks; spontaneous ignition. in-
4.6.2. Alternate lines of in-rack sprinklers
cluding heat-producing chemical reactions; and
shall be st~ggered.Multiple levels of in-rack
radiant heat.
sprinkler heads shall be provided with water
shields unless otherwise separated by horizontal 4.7.3 Dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids
barriers, or unless the sprinkler heads are in general purpose orliquid warehouses shall not
approved for such installations. be permitte-d unless the dispensing area is
suitably cut off from other ordinary combustible
or liquid storage areas, as specified in 4.4, and
4.7 FIRE CONTROL
otherwise conforms with the applicable
4.7.1 Suitable fire extinguishers or precon- provisions of 4.4.
nected hose lines. either 38 mm line or 25 mm
4.7.4 Materials with a water reactivity degree of
hard rubber, shall be provided where liquids are
2 or higher as outlined in NFPA 704, Standard
stored. Where 38 mm fire hose is used, it shall be
System for the identification of the fire hazards of.
installed in accordance with the requirements of
materials, shall not be stored in the same area
the Uniform Building By-Laws.
with other liquids.
4.7.1.1 At least one 9 kg BC dry chemical type
portable fire extinguisher shall be located outside
4.8 OUTDOOR STORAGE
of, but not more than 3 m from, the door opening
into any separate inside storage area.
4.8.1 Ouidoor storage of liquids in containers
and portable tanks shall be in accordance with
4.7.1.2 At least one 9 kg BC dry chemical type
table 1 6,.as qualified by 4.8.1.1 to 4.8.1.4 and
portable fire extinguisher shall be located not less
4.8.2. 4.8.3 and 4.8.4.
than 3 m nor more than 1 5 m. from any Class I or
Class II liquid storage area located outside of a 4.8.1 .1. When two or more classes of materials
separate inside storage area. are stored in a single pile, the maximum quantity
in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more
4.7.1.3 In protected general purpose and liquid separate quantities.
warehouses. hand hose lines shall be provided in
sufficient number to reach all liquid storage 4.8.1.2 No container or portable tank in a pile
areas. shall be more than 60 m from a 4 m wide access
way to permit approach offire control appliances.
4.7.1.4 The water shall be sufficient to meet the
specified fire protection demand in accordance 4.3.1.3 The distances listed intablel6 applyto
with the requirements of the Uniform Building By- properties that have protection for exposures as
Laws. defined. If there are exposures, and such
45
MS 761:1982
4.8.2 A maximum of 4.160 litres of liquids in 4.8.2.1 The quantity of liquids stored adjacent
closed containers and portable tanks may be to a building protected in accordance with
stored adjacent to a building located on the same 4.8.2(b) may exceed that permitted in 4.8.2,
premises and under the same management provided the maximum quantity per pile does not
provided that: exceed 4.160 litres and each pile is separated by
a 3 m minimum clear space along the common
(a) the building is limited to a one-storey wall.
building of fire-resistive or non-combustible
construction and is devoted principally to the 4.8.2.2 Where the quantity stored exceeds the
storage and handling of liquids; or 4,160 litres permitted adjacent to the building
1 2 3 4 5
NOTE 8. For storage in racks. the quantity limits per pile do appiy, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 1.5 m in length
and two rows or 2.8 m in depth.
48
MS 761:1982
given in 4.8.2(a), or the provisions of 4.8.2(b) 5.1.2 This section shall not apply to chemical
cannot be met, a minimum distance in plants. refineries or distilleries, as defined. which
accordance with column 4 of table 1 6 shall be are covered in section 9.
maintained between buildings and nearest
container or portable tank. 5.1,3 Where portions of such plants involve
chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction,
4.8.3 The storage area shall be graded in a halogenation. hydrogenation, alkylation, poly-
manner to divert possible spills away from the merization, and other chemical processes. those
buildings or other exposures or shall be portions of the plant shall be in accordance with
surrounded by a curb at least 1 50 mm high. section 8.
When curbs are used, provisions shall be made
for draining of accumulations of ground or rain
water or spills of liquids. Drain shallterminate at a 5.2 INCIDENTAL STORAGE OR USE OF
safe location and shall be accessibleto operation LIQUIDS
under fire conditions.
5.2.1 Sub-clause 5.2 shall be applicable to
those portions of an industrial plant where the
4.8.4 Storage area shall be protected against
use and handling of liquids is only incidental to
tampering or trespassers where necessary and
the principal business, such as automobile
shall be kept free of weeds, debris and other
assembly, construction of electronic equipment,
combustible materials not necessary to the
furniture manufacturing or other similar
storage.
activities.
(b) liquids are handled or used only in unit (c) 450 litres Class lB. IC, II or Ill liquids in
physical operations such as mixing. drying. containers;
evaporating. filtering, distillation and similar
operations which do not involve chemical (d) one portable tank not excet~ding2500 litres
reaction (see 5.3). of Class 18, IC. Class Ii or Class Ill liquids.
47
MS 761 :1982
5.2.2.3 Where large quantities of liquids are (e) by gravity through an approved self-closing
necessary, storage may be in tanks, which shall valve or self-closing faucet.
comply with the applicable requirements of
section 2, and 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8.. 5.2.4.5 Transferring liquids by means of
pressurizing the container with air is prohibited.
5.2.3 Areas in which liquids are transferred Transferring liquids by pressure of inert gas is
from one tank or container to another container permitted only if controls, including pressure
shall be separated from other operations in the relief devices. are provided to limit the pressure
building by adequate distance or by construction so it cannot exceed the design pressure of the
having adequate fire resistance, Drainage or vessel, tank or container.
other means shall be provided to control spills.
Adequate natural or mechanical ventilation shall
be provided. The Uniform Building By-Laws 5.3 UNIT PHYSICAL OPERATIONS
provides information on the design and installa-
tion of mechanical ventilation. 5.3.1 Sub-clause 5.3 shall be applicable in
those portions of industrial plants where liquids
5.2.4 Handling liquids at point of final use. are handled or used in unit physical operations
such as mixing, drying, evaporating, filtering,
5.2.4.1 Class I and Class II liquids shall be kept distillation, and similar operations which do not
in covered containers when not actually in use. involve chemical change. Examples are plants
compounding cosmetics. pharmaceuticals,
5.2.4.2 Where liquids are used or handled, solvents. cleaning fluids, insecticides and similar
except in closed containers, means shall be types of activities.
provided to dispose promptly and safely of
leakage or spills. 5.3.2 Industrial plants shall be located so that
each building or unit of equipment is accessible
5.2.4.3 Class I liquids may be used only where from at least one side for fire fighting and fire
there are no open flames or other sources of control purposes. Buildings shall be located with
ignition within the possible path of vapour travel. respect to lines of adjoining property which may
5.2.4.4 Class I and Class II liquids shall be be built upon as set forth in 8.2.1 and 8.2.1.1.
drawn from or transferred into vessels, con- except that the blank wall referred to in 8.2.1.1
tainers, or portable tanks within a building only shall have a fire resistance rating of at least two
from; hours.
(a) original shipping containers with a capacity 5.3.3 Areas where unstable liquids are handled
of 20 litres or less; or or small scale unit chemical processes are carried
on shall be separated from the remainder of the
(b) from safety cans; or plant by a fire wall having a fire resistance rating
of not less than two hours.
(c) through a closed piping system; or
5.3.4 Drainage
(d) from a portable tank or container by means
ofa device drawingthroughanopeniflg inthetop 5.3.4.1 Emergency drainage systems shall be
of the tank or container; or provided to direct flammable or combustible
48
MS761 :1982
liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe 5.3.6 The storage, transfer and handling of
location. This may require curbs. scuppers. or liquids shall comply with 8.4 of section 8.
special drainage systems to control the spread of
fire (see 2.2.3.1).
5.4 TANK VEHICLE AND TANK CAR LOADING
5,3.4.2 Emergency drainage system, if con- AND UNLOADING
nected to public sewers or discharged in public
waterways, shall be equipped with traps or 5.4.1 Tank vehicle and tank car loading or
separators. unloading facilities shall be separated from
aboveground tanks, warehouses, other plant
5.3.4.3 The industrial plant shall be designed buildings or nearest line of adjoining property
and operated to prevent the normal discharge of which can be built upon byadistanceof7.Smfor
flammable or combustible liquids into public Class I liquids and 4.5 m for Class II and Class Ill
waterways. public sewers, or adjoining property. liquids measured from the nearest position of any
fill stem. Buildings for pumps or shelters -for
5.3.5 Ventilation personnel can be a part of the facility. Operations
of the facility shall comply with the appropriate
5.3.5.1 Areas as-defined in 5.3.1 using Class I portions of 6.3 of section 6.
liquids shall be ventilated at rate of not less than
0.3 m3 per minute per square metre of solid floor
area. This shall be accomplished by natural or
5.5 FIRE CONTROL
mechanical ventilation with discharge or exhaust
to a safe location outside of the building.
5.5.1 Portable fire extinguishment and control
Provision shall be made for introduction of make-
equipment shall be provided in such quantities
up air in such a manner as not to short circuit the
and types as are needed forthe special hazards of
ventilation. Ventilation shall be arranged to
operation and storage. MS 566 : Pt. 3. Code of
include all floor areas or pits where flammable
practice for fire fighting installations and
vapours can collect. Local or spot general
equipment Part 3 : Portable fire extinguisher
ventilation may be needed for the control of
provides information as to the suitability of
special fire or health hazards. Such ventilation, if
various types of extinguishers and their number
provided. may be utilized for up to 75% of the and location.
required ventilation. The Uniform Building By-
Laws provide information on this subject.
5.5.2 Water shall be available in volume and at
5.3.5.2 Equipment used in a building and the adequate pressure to supply water hose streams,
ventilation of building shall be designed so as to foam-producing equipment, aUtomatic sprinklers
limit flammable vapour-air mixtures under or water spray systems as the need is indicated by
normal operating conditions to the interior of the special hazards of operation. dispensing and
equipment, and to not more than 1 .5 m from storage.
equipment which exposes Class I liquids to the
air. Examples of such equipment are dispensing 5.5.3 Special extinguishing equipment such as
stations, open centrifuges, plant and frame filters, that utilizing foam, inert gas. or dry chemical shall
open vacuum filters and surfaces of open be provided as the need is indicated by the special
equipment. hazards Of operation, dispensing and storage.
49
MS 761:1982
5.6 SOURCES OF IGNITION 5.7.2 All electrical equipment and wiring for
use in classified areas specified in table 1 7 shall
5.6.1 Precautions shall be taken to preventthe comply with the following:
ignition of flammable vapours. Sources of
ignition include but are not limited to open (a) British Standards Specifications and Codes
flames; lightning; smoking; cutting and welding; of Practice Relating to equipment for use in
hot surfaces; frictional heat; static, electrical and hazardous areas -(see appendix D), or
mechanical sparks; spontaneous ignition.
including heat-producing chemical reactions; (b) Institute Of Petroleum Model Code of Safe
and radiant heat. Practice Electrical Safety Code, or
-
5.6.2 Class I liquids shall not be dispensed into (c) Any equivalent standards or codes accept-
metal containers unless the nozzle or fill pipe is in able to the relevant authority.
electrical contact with the container. This can be
accomplished by maintaining metallic contact 5.7.3 So far as it applies, table 1 7 shall be used
during filling, by a bond wire between them, or by to delineate and classify areas forthe purpose of
other conductive path having an electrical installation of electrical equipment under normal
resistance not greater than 1 Q6 ohms. Bonding is circumstances. In the application of classified
not required where a container is filled through a areas, a classified area shall not extend beyond
closed system, or the container is made of glass an unpierced floor, wall. roof or other solid
or other nonconducting material. NFPA 77, partition. The classification of hazardous areas is
defined in appendix C.
Recommended practice on static electricity,
provides information on static protection;
MS - Code of practice for protection
5.7.4 The area classifictions listed in table 1 7
of structures against Iightning~providesinforma- are based on the premise that the installation
tion on lightning protection. meets the applicable requirements of this code in
all respects. Should this not be the case, the
authority having jurisdiction shall have the
Maiaysian Standard in the course of preparation.
50
MS 761:1982
Classification of hazardous
.
.
Extent of classified area
areas (see appendix C)
ABOVEGROUND** .
CONTAINER
~Thereleaseof Class I liquids may generate vapours to the extent thatthe entire building, and possibly a zone surrounding it.
should be considered a Zone 2 area.
51
MS761 :1982
BLEEDERS, WITH-
FITTINGS,
SIMILAR
52
MS 761 :1982
authority to determine the extent of the classified fire protection equipment can be brought to bear
areas. on any part of flammable or combustible liquid
storage, use, or any unit physical operation.
5.7.5 Extent of classified areas shall be as
shown in table 17. 5.9.3 Combustible waste material and residues
in a building or unit operating area shall be kept to
5.7.6 Where the provisions of 5.7.1. 5.7.2, a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles
5.7.3. 5.7.4 and 5.7.5 require the installation of and disposed of daily.
electrical equipment suitable for Zone 1 or Zone
2. ordinary electrical equipment including 5.9.4 Ground area around buildings and unit
switchgear may be used if installed in a room or operating areas shall be kept free of weeds. trash
enclosure which is maintained under positive or other unnecessary combustible materials.
pressure with respect to the c.l.assified area.
Ventilation makeup air shall be uncontaminated
by flammable vapours.
5.9.2 Adequate aisles shall be maintained for 6.2.1 Exits. Rooms in which liquids are stored
unobstructed movement of personnel and so that or handled by pumps shall have exit facilities
53
MS 761 :1982
arranged to prevent occupants being trapped in that can be built upon by a distance of 7.5 m for
the event of fire. The Uniform Building By-Laws Class I liquids and 4.5 m for Class II and Class Ill
provides information on the number and location liquids measured from the nearest position of any
of exits. fill spout. Buildings for pumps or shelters for
personnel may be a part of the facility.
6.2.2 Ventilation
6.3.2 Equipment such as piping. pumps, and
6.2.2.1 Ventilation shall be provided for all meters used for the transfer of Class I liquids
rooms, buildings, or enclosures in which Class I between storage tanks and the fill stem of the
liquids are pumped or dispensed. Design of loading rack shall not be used for the transfer of
ventilation system shall take into account the Class II or Class Ill liquids.
relatively high specific gravity of the vapours.
8.3.3 Except for Class Ill liquids, valves used for
Ventilation may be provided by adequate
the final control for filling tankvehicles shall be of
openings in outside walls at floor level un-
the self-closing type and manually held open
obstructed except by louvers or coarse screens.
Where natural ventilation is inadequate except where automatic means are provided for
mechanical Ventilation shall be provided. The shutting off the flow when the vehicle is full or
Uniform Building By-Laws provides information after filling of a preset amount.
on the installation of mechanical exhaust
systems. 6.3.4 Static protection. Bonding facilities for
protection against static sparks during the
6.2.2.2 Class I liquids shall not be stored or loading of tank vehicles through open domes
handled within a building having a basement or shall be provided:
pit into which flammable vapours may travel.
(a) where Class I liquids are loaded or
unless such area is provided with ventilation
designed to prevent the accumulation of (b) where Class II or Class Ill liquids are loaded
flammable vapours therein.
into vehicles which may contain vapours from
previous cargoes of Class I liquids.
6.2.2.3 Containers of Class I liquids shall not
be drawn from or filled within buildings unless
6.3.4.1 Protection as required in 6.3.4 shall
provision is made to prevent the accumulation of
consist of a metallic bond wire permanently
flammable vapours in hazardous concentrations.
electrically connected to the fill stem or to some
Where mechanical ventilation is required, it shall
part of the rack structure in electrical contact with
be kept in operation while flammable liquids are
the fill stem. The free end of such wire shall be
being handled. -
provided with a clamp or equivalent device for
convenient attachment to some metallic part in
electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank
vehicle.
6.3 LOADING AND UNLOADING FACILITIES
6.3.4.2 Such bonding connection shall be
6.3.1 Tank vehicle and tank car loading or made fast to the vehicle or tank before dome
unloading facilities shall be separated from covers are raised and shall remain in place until
aboveground tanks, warehouses, other plant filling is completed and all dome covers have
buildings or nearest line of adjoining property been closed and secured.
54
MS 761 :1982
6.3.4.3 Bonding as specified in 6.3.4. 6.3.4.1 cargoes of Class I liquids. Temporary bonding is
and 6.3.4.2 is not required: not required between the tank car and the rack or
piping during either loading or unloading
(a) where vehicles are loaded exclusively with irrespective of the class of liquid handled.
products not having a static accumulating
tendency. such as asphalts including cutback 6.3.6 Container filling facilities. Class I liquids
asphalts, most crude oils, residual oils and water shall not be dispensed into metal containers
soluble liquids; unless the nozzle orfill pipe is in electrical contact
with the container. This can be accomplished by
(b) where no Class I liquids are handled at the maintaining metallic contact during filling,- by a
loading facility and the tank vehicles loaded are bond wire between them, or by other conductive
used exclusively for Class II and Class Ill liquids; path having an electrical resistance not greater
than 106 ohms. Bonding is not required where a
(c) where vehicles are loaded or unloaded container is filled through a closed system, or is
througki closed bottom or top connections made of glass or other non-conducting material.
whether the hose or pipe is conductive or non- NFPA 77, Recommended practice on static
conductive. -
electricity, provides information on static
protection. -
6.3.4.4 Filling through open domes into the
tanks of tank vehicles or tank cars that contain
vapour-air mixtures within the flammable range.
6.4 WHARVES
or where the liquid being filled can form such a
mixture, shall be by means of a downspout which 6.4.1 The term wharf shall mean any wharf,
extends near the bottom of the tank. This pier, bulkhead or other structure over or
precaution is not required when loading liquids contiguous to navigable water, the primary
which are nonaccumulators of static charges. function of which is the transfer of liquid cargo in
NFPA 77 Recommended practice on static bulk between shore installations and any tank
electricity, provides additional information on vessel, ship, barge. lighter boat or other mobile
static electricity protection. floating craft; and this section shall apply to all
such installations except Marine Service Stations
6.3.5 Stray currents. Tank car loading facilities as covered in section 7. If liquids are handled in
where flammable and combustible liquids are bulk quantities across general purposes piers or
loaded or unloaded through open domes shall be wharves NFPA 87, Standard for the construction
protected against stray currents by permanently and protection of piers and wharves, shall be
bonding the pipe to at least one rail and to the
followed.
rack structure, if of metal. Multiple pipes entering
the rack area shall be permanently electrically 6.4.1.1 Package cargo of liquids, including full
bonded together. In addition, in areas where and empty drums, bulk fuel and stores may be
excessive stray currents are known to exit, all pipe handled over a wharf during cargo transfer at
entering the rack area shall be provided with such times and places as agreed upon by the
insulating sections to electrically isolate the rack wharf superintendent or representative and the
piping from the pipe lines. These precautions are senior deck officer on duty.
not necessarywhere Class II or Class Ill liquids are
handled exclusively and there is no probability 6.4.1.2 Wharves at which liquid cargoes are to
that tank cars will contain vapours from previous be transferred in bulk quantities to or from tank
55
MS 761:1982
vessels shall be at least 30 m from any bridge over 6.4.5.1 Flexibility of piping shall be assured by
a navigable waterway. or from an entrance to or appropriate layout and arrangement of piping
superstructure of any vehicular or railroad tunnel supports so that motion of the wharf structure
under a waterway. The termination of the wharf resulting from wave action, currents, tides or the
loading or unloading fixed piping shall be at least mooring of vessels will not subject the pipe to
60 m from a bridge or from an entrance to or repeated strain beyond the elastic limit.
superstructure of a tunnel.
6.4.5.2 Pipe joints depending upon the friction
6.4.2 Substructure and deck shall be sub- characteristics of combustible materials or
stantially designed for the use intended. Deck grooving of pipe ends for mechanical continuity
may employ any material which will afford the of piping shall not be used. -
6.4.4 Loading pumps capable of building up 6.4.5.4 Piping systems shall contain a
pressures in excess of the safe working pressure sufficient number of valves to operate the system
of cargo hose or loading arms shall be provided properly and to control the flow of liquid in
with by-passes, relief valves, or other arrange- normal operation and in the event of physical
ment to protect the loading facilities against damage.
excessive pressure. Relief devices shall be tested
at not rn-ore than yearly intervals to determine that 6.4.5.5 In addition to the requirements of
they function satisfactorily at the pressure at 6.4.5.4, each line conveying Class I and Class II
which they are set. liquids leading to a wharf shall be provided with a
readily accessible block valve located on shore
near the approach to thewharf and outside of any
6.4.4.1 All pressure hoses and couplings shall
bunded area. Where more than one line is
be inspected at intervals appropriate to the
involved, the valves shall be grouped in one
service. With the hose extended, test the hose and
location.
couplings using the in service maximum
operating pressures. Any hose showing material
6.4.5.6 Means of easy access shall be provided
deteriorations. signs of leakage, or weakness in
for cargo line vaives located below the wharf
its carcass or at the couplings shall be withdrawn
deck.
from service and repaired or discarded.
6.4.5.7 Pipe lines on wharves shall be
6.4.5 Piping, valves and fittings shall be in adequately bonded and grounded if Class I and
accordance with section 3. with the following Class II liquids are handled. If excessive stray
exceptions and additions. currents are encountered, insulating joints shall
56
MS761 :1982
be installed. Bonding and grounding connections 6.4.7.1 Mechanical work shall not be per-
on all pipe lines shall be located on wharf side of formed on the wharf during cargo transfer, except
hose riser insulating flanges. if used. and shall be under special authorization based on a review of
accessible for inspection. the area involved, methods to be employed, and
precautions necessary.
6.4.5.8 Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe
connections used for cargo transfpr shall be
capable of accommodating the combined effects
of change in draft and maximum tidal range. and
mooring lines shall be kept adjusted to prevent 6.5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
surge of the vessel from placing stress on the
cargo transfer system. 6.5.1 This section 6.5, shall apply to areas
where Class I liquids are stored or handled. For
6.4.5.9 Hose shall be supported so as to avoid areas where Class II or Class Ill liquids only are
kinking and damage from chafing. stored or handled, the electrical equipment may
be installed in accordance with the requirements
6.4.6 Suitable portable fire extinguishers of 9
of the Electricity Regulations. 1951 (Revised
kg BC dry chemical type shall be located within
1977) for Ordinary areas.
23 m of those portions of the facility where fires
are likely to occur, such as hose connections.
pumps and separator tanks. 6.5.2 All electrical equipment and wiring for
use in classified areas specified in table 1 8 shall
6.4.6.1 -Where piped water is, available, ready- domply with the following:
connected fire hose in size appropriate for the
water supply shall be provided so that manifolds (a) British Standards Specifications and Codes
where connections are made and broken can be of Practice relating to equipment for use in
reached by at least one hose stream. hazardous areas (see appendix D). or
6.4.6.2 Material shall not be placed on wharves (b) Institute of Petroleum Model Code of Safe
in such a manner as to obstruct access to fire
Practice - Electrical Safety Code, or
fighting equipment or important pipe line control
valves.
(c) Any equivalent standards or codes accept-
6.4.6.3 Where the wharf is accessible to able to the relevant authority.
vehicle traffic, an unobstructed roadway to the
shore end of the wharf shall be maintained for 6.5.3 So far as it applies table 18 shall be used
access of fire fighting appliances. to delineate and classify areas for the purpose of
installation of electrical equipment under normal
6.4.7 Loading or discharging shall not com- circumstances. In the application of classified
mence until wharf superintendent or repre- area, a classified area shall not extend beyond an
sentative and officer in charge of tank vessel unpierced wall, roof or other solid partition. The
agree that tank vessel is properly moored and all classification of hazardous locations is defined in
connections are properly made. appendix C.
57
MS 761:1982
. Classification of hazardous .
Location Extent of classified area
areas (see appendix C)
When ciassifying extent of area, consideration shall be given to the fact that tankcars or tank vehicles may be spotted at
varying points. Therefore, the extremities of the loading or unloading positions shall be used.
58
MS761 :1982
TANK~ABOVEGROLjND*
Shell, Ends, or Roof and Bund Zone 2 With 3 m from shell, ends or
area roof of tank. Area inside
bunds to level of top of bund.
PITS
Without mechanical ventilation Zone 1 Entire area within pit if any
part is within a Zone 1 or 2
area.-
59
MS 761 :1982
60
MS761 :1982
6.5.4 The area classifications listed in 6.5.3 available to locations where fires are likely to
shall be based on the premise thatthe installation occur.
meets the applicable requirements of the
flammable and combustible liquids code in all
respects. Should this not be the case, the
authority having jurisdiction shall have the
authority to classify the extent of the classified
area.
SECTION SEVEN: SERVICE STATIONS
6.6.1 Class I liquids shall not be handled, 7.1 .1 This section applies to both automotive
drawn, or dispensed where flammable vapours and marine service stations. Reference shall also
may reach a source of ignition. Smoking shall be be made to NFPA 302. Fire protection standard
prohibited except in designated localities. NO for motor craft, for safety precautions while
SMOKING signs shall be conspicuously posted fueling at marine service stations and to
where hazard from flammable vapours is NFPA 303. Fire protection standard for marinas
normally present; MS -~ Code of and boatyards. for additional requirements
Practice for protection of structures against applicable to marine service stations.
lightning.
61
MS 761:1982
shall not be located at a buk plant unless the tank outlet shall be equipped with a device,
separated by a fence or similar barrier from the such as a solenoid valve, positioned adjacent to
area in which bulk operations are conducted. and downstream from the valve specified in
2.2.7.1, SO installed and adjusted that liquid
7.2.1.3 Class I liquids shall not be stored or cannot flow by gravity from the tank in case of
handled within a building having a basement or piping or hose failure when the dispenser is not in
pit into which flammable vapours can travel, use.
unless such area is provided with ventilation
which will prevent the accumulation offlammable 7.2.2. Special enclosures
vapours therein.
7.2.2.1 When installation of tanks in accor-
7.2.1.4 Accurate daily inventroy records shall dance with section 2.3 is impractical because of
be maintained and reconciled on all Class I liquid property or building limitations, tanks for liquids
and diesel fuel storage tanks for indication of may be installed in buildings if enclosed as
possible leakage from tanks or piping. The described in 7.2.2.2 and upon specific approval
records shall be kept at the premises. available for of the authority having jurisdiction.
inspection by the enforcing authority, and shall
include, as a minimum, records showing by 7.2.2.2 Enclosure shall be substantially liquid
product, daily reconciliation between sales, use, and vapour-tight without backfill. Sides, top and
receipts. and inventory on hand. If there is more bottom of the enclosure shall be of reinforced
than one system consisting of a tank(s) serving concrete at least 150 mm thick. with openings for
separate pump(s) or dispenser(s) for any product, inspection through the top only. Tank con-
the reconciliation shall be maintained separately nections shall be so piped or closed that neither
for each tank system. vapours nor liquid can escape into the enclosed
space. Means shall be provided to use portable
7.2.1.5 Tanks supplying marine service equipment to discharge to the outside any liquid
stations and pumps not integral with the dis- or vapours which might accumulate should
pensing unit shall be on shore or on a pier of the leakage occur.
solid-fill type except as provided in (a) and (b).
7.2.2.3 At automotive service stations provided
(a) Where shore location would require ex-
in connection with tenant or customer parking
cessively long supply lines to dispensers, the
facilities at or below ground level in large
authority having jurisdiction may authorize the
buildings of commercial. mercantile or
installation of tanks on a pier provided that
residential occupancy, tanks containing Class I
applicable portions of section 2 relative to
liquids installed in accordance with 7:2.2.2 shall
spacing, bunding and piping are complied with
not exceed 22,700 litres individual or 68.000
and the quantity so stored does not exceed 4,1 60
litres aggregate capacity.
litres aggregate capacity.
62
MS761 :1982
ing 225 litres capacity equipped with an 7.3.2 Remote pumping systems
approved pump is permitted.
7.3.2.1 This section shall apply to systems for
7.2.3.2 Class I liquids may be transferred from dispensing Class I liquids where such liquids are
one container to another in lubrication or service transferred from storage to individual or multiple
rooms of a service station building provided the dispensing units by pumps located elsewhere
electrical installation complies with table 1 9. See than at the dispensing units.
also 7.7.1 for other possible sources of ignition.
7.3.2.2 Pumps shall be designed or equipped
7.2.3.3 Class II and Class Ill liquids may be so that no part of the system will be subjected to
stored and dispensed inside service station pressures above its allowable working pressure.
buildings from tanks of not more than 450 litres Each pump shall have installed on the discharge
each. side an approved leak detection device which will
provide an indication if the piping and dispensers
are not essentially liquid-tight.
7.3 PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS
7.3.2.3 Pumps installed above ground, outside
7.3.1 The design, fabrication, assembly. test of buildings, shall be located not less than 3 m
and inspection of the piping system shall be in from lines of adjoining property which can be
accordance with section 3 except that, where built upon, and not less than 2.3 m from any
dispensing is from a floating structure, suitable building opening. When an outside pump
lengths of oil-resistant flexible hose may be location is impractical, pumps may be installed
employed between the shore piping and the inside buildings as provided for dispensers in
piping on the floating structure as made 7.4.1.2. or in pits as provided in 7.3.2.4. Pumps
necessary by change in water level or shore line. shall be substantially anchored and protected
against physical damage.
7.3.1.1 Where excessive stray currents are
encountered. piping handling Class I and Class II
7.3.2.4 Pits for subsurface pumps or piping
liquids at marine service stations shall be
manifolds of submersible pumps shall withstand
electrically insulated from the shore piping.
the external forces to which they can be subjected
7.3.1.2 Piping shall be located so as~to be without damage to the pump, tank or piping. The
protected from physical damage. pit shall be no larger than necessary for
inspection and maintenance and shall be
7.3.1.3 A readily accessible valve to shut off the provided with a fitted cover.
supply from shore shall be provided in each
pipeline at or near the approach to the pier and at 7.3.2.5 An approved rigidly anchored
the shore end of each marine pipeline adjacent to emergency shutoff valve, incorporating a
the point where a flexible hose is attached. fusible link or other thermally actuated device,
designed to close automatically in event of severe
7.3.1 .4 After completion of the installation, impact or fire exposure shall be properly installed
including any paving, that section of the pressure in the supply line at the base of each individual
piping system between the pump discharge and island-type dispenser or at the inlet of each
the connection for the dispensing facility shall be overhead dispensing unit. If a coupling in-
tested for at least 30 minutes at the maximum corporating a slip-joint feature is used to join the
operating pressure of the system. emergency valve to the dispenser piping the
63
MS761 :1982
emergency valve shall automatically close before 7.4.2 Emergency power cut-off. A clearly
the slip joint can disengage. The automatic identified and easily accessible switch(es) or
closing feature of this valve shall be checked at circuit breaker(s) shall be provided at a location
the time of initial installation and at least once a remote from dispensing devices. including
year thereafter by manually tripping the hold- remote pumping systems, to shut off the powerto
open linkage. all dispensing devices in the event of an
emergency.
84
MS761 :1982
7.4.4 Vapour recovery systems adjacent property lines which can be built upon,
except as provided for in 7.4.5.7. Vapour
7.4.4.1 Dispensing devices incorporating
processing equipment shall be located a
provisions for vapour recovery shall be approved.
minimum of 6 m from dispensing devices.
Processing equipment shall be protected against
7.4.4.2 Hose nozzle valves used on vapour
physical damage by the provision of guard rails,
recovery systems shall be approved.
curbs, or fencing.
7.4.4.3 Means shall be provided in the vapour
7.4.5.7 Where the required distance to
return path from each dispensing outlet to
adjacent property lines which can be built upon
prevent the discharge of vapours when the hose
as specified in 7.4.5.6 cannot be obtained,
nozzle valve is in its non-dispensing position.
means shall be provided to protect vapour pro-
7.4.5 Vapour processing systems cessing equipment against fire exposures. Such
means may include protective enclosures which
7.4.5.1 Vapour processing system com- extend at least 450 mm above the equipment,
ponents consisting of hose nozzle valves, blowers constructed of fire resistant or noncombustible
or vacuum pumps. flame arresters or systems for materials, installation in below ground spaces, or
prevention of flame propagation. controls, and protection with an approved water spray system.
vapour processing equipmentshall be individual- If protective enclosures or below ground spaces
ly approved for use in a specified manner. are used, positive means shall be provided to
ventilate the volume within the enclosure to
7.4.5.2 Dispensing devices used with a vapour prevent pocketing of flammable vapours. In no
processing system shall be approved. case shall vapour processing equipment so pro-
tected be located with 2.3 m of adjacent property
7.4.5.3 Means shall be provided in the vapour lines which can be built upon.
return path from each dispensing outlet to
prevent the discharge of vapours when the hose 7.4.5.8 Electrical equipment shall be in
nozzle valve is in its normal non-dispensing accordance with table 1 9.
position.
7.4.5.9 Vents on vapour processing systems
7.4.5.4 Vapour processing systems employing shall be not less than 4 m above adjacent ground
blower-assist shall not be used unless the system level, with outlet~so directed and located that
is designed to prevent flame propagation flammable vapours will not accumulate or travel
through system piping, processing equipment to an unsafe location or enter buildings.
and tanks.
7.4.5.10 Combustion or open flame type
7.4.5.5 If a component is likely to contain a devices shall not be installed in a classified area.
flammable vapour-air mixture under operating See table 1 9.
conditions, and can fail in a manner to ignite the
mixture, it shall be designed to withstand an
internal explosion without failure to the outside. 7.5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
7.4.5.6 Vapour processing equipment shall be 7.5.1 This section, 7.5, shall apply to areas
located outside of buildings at least 2.3 m from where Class I liquids are stored, handled or
65
MS761 :1982
dispensed. For areas where Class II or Class Ill All electrical equipment integral with the dispen-
liquids are stored, handled or dispensed. the sing hose or nozzles shall be suitable for use in
electrical equipment may be installed in Zone I areas.
accordance with the requirements of the
Electricity Regulations. 1951 (Revised 1977) for 7.5.3 Table 1 9 shall be used to delineate and
ordinary areas. classify areas for the purpose of installation of
electrical equipment under normal circum-
7.5.2 All electrical equipment and wiring for stances. A classified area shall not extend beyond
use in classified areas specified in table 1 9 shall an unpierced wall, roof or other solid partition.
comply with the following: The classification of hazardous areas is defined in
appendix C.
(a) British Standards Specifications and Codes
7.5.4 The area classifications listed in table 1 9
(b) Institute of Petroleum Model Code of Safe shall be based on the premisethatthe installation
Practice Electrical Safety Codes, or meets the applicable requirements of this Code in
all respects. Should this not be the case, the
(c) Any equivalent standards or codes accept- authority having jurisdiction shall have the
able to the relevant authority. authority to determine the extent of the classified
area.
UNDERGROUND TANK
Fill opening Zone 1 Any pit, box or space below
ground level any part of
which is within the Zone 1 or
2 area,
66
MS761 :1982
DISPENSING UNITS
(except overhead type)
Pits Zone 1 Any pit, box or space below
ground level, any part of
which is within the Zone 1 or
2 area.
67
MS761 :1982
68
MS761 :1982
LUBRICATION OR
SERVICE ROOM
with dispensing Zone 1 Any pit within any un-
~ ventilated area.
LUBRICATION OR
SERV1CE ROOM
without dispensing zone 2 Entire area within any pit
used for lubrication or
~ similar services where
Class I liquids may be
released.
69
MS 761:1982
70
MS761 :1982
7.6.2 Attendance or supervision of dis- than the service station attendant, and may
pensing. include facilities available for sale of other retail
products.
7.6.2.1 Each service station open to the public
shall have an attendant or supervisor on duty 7.6.3.2 Approved dispensing devices such as,
whenever the station is open for business. but not limited to, coin-operated, card-operated
and remote controlled types are permitted at self-
7.6.2.2 Approved self-service dispensing service stations.
devices are permitted at service stations available
and open to the public provided that all 7.6.3.3 All self-service stations shall have at
dispensing of Class I liquids by a person other. least one attendant on duty while the station is
than the service station attendant is under the open to the public. The attendants primary
supervision and control of a qualified attendant function shall be to supervise, observe and
and the dispensing nozzle is an approved control the dispensing ofClasslliquids while said
automatic closing type without a latch-open liquids are actually being dispensed.
device.
7.6.3.4 It shall be the responsibility of the
7.6.2.3 Dispensing of Class I liquids at loca- attendant to control sources of ignition; and
tions not open to the public does not require and immediately handle accidental spills and fire
attendant or supervisor. Such locations may be extinguishers if needed.. The attendant or
used by commercial, industrial. governmental or supervisor on duty shall be mentally and
manufacturing establishments for fueling physically capable of performing the functions
vehicles used in connection with their and assuming the responsibility prescribed in this
businesses. section.
71
MS761 :1982
7.6.3.9 Warning signs shall be conspicuously dispenser. undeground fill pipe opening, and
posted in the dispensing area incorporating the lubrication or service room.
following or equivalent wording:
(a) NO SMOKING.
7.8.1 Each service station shall be provided Over 17 kPa (gauge) 1 times 4 times
with at least one approved 9 kg BC dry chemical table 6* table 6*
type fire extinguisher located so that an
extinguisher will be within 30 m of each pump. Double distances where protection of exposure is not perovided.
72
MS761 :1982
8.2.2. The distances required in 8.2.1 may be liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe
waived when the vessels are housed within a location. This may require curbs. scuppers. or
building and the exterior wall facing the line of special drainage systems to control the spread of
adjoining property which can be built upon is a fire (see 2.2.3.1).
blank wall having a fire resistance rating of not
less than four hours. When Class IA or unstable 8.3.2.2 Emergency drainage systems, if con-
liquids are handled, the blank wall shall have nected to public sewers or discharged into public
explosion resistance in accordance with good waterways, shall be equipped with traps or
engineering practice (see 8.3.4). separators.
73
MS761 :1982
8.3.4 Explosion relief. Areas where Class IA or area shall be at least 100 mm below the
unstable liquids are processed shall have surrounding floor. As a minimum each opening
explosion venting through one or more of the shall be provided with an approved self-closing
following methods: 1 hour fire door or an approved fire damper.
The room shall be liquidtight where the walls join
(a) open air construction; the floor.
(b) lightweight walls and roof; 8.4.1.4 The storage of liquids in containers
shall be in accordance with the applicable
(c) lightweight wall panels and roof hatches; provisions of section 4.
8.4.1.2 If the storage of liquids in outside 8.4.2.3 Piping containing liquids shall be
aboveground or underground tanks is not identified.
practical beacuse of government regulations,
8.4.3 Transfer
temperature considerations or production con-
siderations, tanks may be permitted inside of
8.4.3.1 The transfer of large quantities of
buildings or structures in accordance with the
liquids shall be through piping by means of
applicable provisions of section 2. Production
pumps or water displacement. Except as required
considerations necessitating storage inside of
in process equipment, gravity flow shall not be
buildings include but are not limited to high
used. The use of compressed air as a transferring
viscosity, purity, sterility, hydroscopic ity,
medium shall be prohibited.
sensitivity to temperature change. and need to
Store temporarily pending completion of sample 8.4.3.2 Positive displacement pumps shall be
analysis. provided with pressure relief discharging back to
the tank or to pump suction.
8.4.1.3 Storage tanks inside of buildings shall
be permitted only in areas at or above ground 8.4.4 Equipment.
which have adequate drainage and are separated
from the processing area by construction having 8.4.4.1 Equipment shall be designed and
a fire resistance rating of at least two hours. Day arranged to prevent the unintentional escape of
tanks, running tanks and surge tanks are liquids and vapours and to minimize the quantity
permitted in process areas. Openings to other escaping in the event of accidental release.
rooms or buildings shall be provided with non-
combustible Iiquidtight raised sills or ramps at 8.4.4.2 Where the vapour space of equipment
least 100mm in height, or thefloor in the storage is usually within the flammable range, the
74
MS761 :1982
75
MS761 :1982
76
MS761 :1982
9.1.3 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping SECTION TEN: STORAGE ON FARMS AND
systems shall be in accordance with section 3. ISOLATED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
77
MS761 :1982
10.3 INDIVIDUAL CONTAINERS OF 225 LITRES 10.4.1.1 A fill opening shall be provided and
OR LESS CAPACITY EACH shall be equipped with a closure designed sothat
it may be locked.
10.3.1 Storage shall be in metal DOT or other
approved containers of 225 litres or less capacity 10.4.1.2 A vent having a free opening of at least
each. Discharge devices requiring pressure on 38 mm diameter shall be provided to relievesuch
the container are prohibited. Pumping devices or vacuum or pressure as will develop in normal
faucets used for dispensing flammable and operation or from exposure to fire. For tanks
combustible liquids shall be well maintair~edto exceeding 1 .040 litres capacity. see 2.2.5 for
prevent leakage. Individual containers shall not additional information relative to required
be interconnected and shall be kept closed when capacity of emergency relief venting for fire
not in use. exposure (Note 9).
10.3.2 Containers as provided in this section Vents shall be arranged to discharge in such a
storing Class I flammable liquids shall be stored way as to prevent localized overheating of. or
cutside at least 3 m from any building or may be flame impingement on. any part of the tank in the
stored inside a building used exclusively for the event vapours from such vents are ignited.
storage of flammable and combustible liquids
NOTE 9. Based upon limiting internal tank pressure to 120%of 17 kPa
and located at least 3 m from any other building.
(gauge) using an orifice coefficient of 0.8 and an environmentai factor
Buildings used for the storage of Class I of 0.6. The environmentai factor of 0.6 recognizes the limited time a
flammable liquids shall be provided with cross smail tank is subjected to fire exposure and some loss of fuel by
ventilation with at least 2 vents of 400 cm2 of area absorption into the soil. The above factors may be used when
calculating the vent size for tanks larger than 1.040 litres.
each placed at floor level.
10.4.1.3 Tanks as provided in this section shall
be kept outside and at least 1 2 m from any
10.4 TANKS OF 226 to 4,160 LITRES CAPACITY building, and shall be so located or such
EACH - - - - additional distance from buildings shall be
provided, as will insure that any vehicle,
10.4.1 Flammable and combustible liquids in equipment. or container being filled directlyfrom
aboveground tanks of 226 to 4.160 litres such tank will be at least 12 m from any building.
capacity shall be stored outside buildings in tanks
of single-compartment design constructed in 10.4.1.4 Tanks as provided in this section may
accordance with accepted engineering practice. be either tanks with top openings only or tanks
Joints shall be riveted and caulked, riveted and elevated for gravity discharge. -
78
MS761 :1982
corrosion from contact with the ground and when of earth or near the edge of a cut bankto provide
so placed, be in a stable position; -or movable the necessary elevation and shall be supported
tanks may be equipped with attached metal legs on timbers or blocks for stability and to prevent
resting on shoes or runners designed so that the corrosion by contact with the ground.
tank is supported in a stable position and so that
- theentiretankanditssupportsmaybemovedasa (c) Bottom opening for gravity discharge shall
unit. be equipped with a valve located adjacent to the
tank shell which will close automatically in the
(b) Tanks shall be equipped with a tightly and event of fire through the operation of an effective
permanently attached approved pumping device heat actuated releasing device. If this valve
having an approved hose of sufficient length for cannot be operated manually. it shall be
filling vehicles, equipment or containers to be supplemented by a second valve which can be.
served from the tank. Either the pump or the hose The gravity discharge outlet shall be provided
shall be equipped with a padlock to its hanger to with an approved hose equipped with a self-
prevent tampering. An effective antisiphoning closing valve at the discharge end. of a type than
device shall be included in the pump discharge can be padlocked to its hanger to prevent
unless a self-closing nozzle is provided. Siphons tampering.
or ~nternaI pressure discharge devices are
prohibited.
10.5 MARKING OF TANKS AND CONTAINERS
10.4.3 Tanks elecated for gravity discharge.
Tanks constructed and located as provided above 10.5.1 Tanks and containers for the storage of
may be designed with a connection in the bottom flammable and combustible liquids aboveground
or the end of the tank for gravity dispensing of shall be conspituously marked with the
flammable and combustible liquids and shall be name of the product which they contain and
mounted and equipped as follows: FLAMMABLE KEEP FIRE AND FLAME AWAY.
79
MS 761:1982
Appendix A
Abandonment or removal of underground tanks
A1.2 In order to prevent accidents caused by A2. RENDERING TANKS TEMPORARILY OUT
-improper conditioning. -it is recommended that OF SERVICE
the procedures outlined below be followed when
underground tanks are removed, abandoned or
A2.1 Cap the fill line, gauge opening, and pump
temporarily taken out of service.
suction, secure against tampering.
A1.3 Underground tanks taken out of service
may be safeguarded or disposed of by any one of A2.2 Leave the vent line open.
the three following means:
80
MS 761: 1982
A4. REMOVAL OF UNDERGROUND TANKS should be retested for flammable vapours, and, if
necessary, rendered gas free. After junking and
A4.l Remove all flammable or combustible before releasing to junk dealer, a sufficient
liquids from tank and from connecting lines. number of holes or openings should be made in it
to render it unfit for further use. NFPA 327,
A4.2 Disconnect the suction, inlet, gauge. and Standard. Procedures for cleaning or safe-
vent lines; remove sections of connecting lines guarding small tanks and containers, provides
which are not to be used further and cap or plug information on safe procedures for such
inlets, outlets, and leaks if any. After removal, the operations.
tank may be gas freed on-the premises if it can be
done safety at that locationor may be transported
to an area not accessible to th.e public and the gas
freeing completed at that location. A6. REUSE OF UNDERGROUND TANKS
81
MS 761:1982
- Appendix B
82
MS 761 :1 982
dependable water supply. or where filling of 85.2 The self-contained power and pumping
underground tanks with liquids is impracticable unit shall be so located or so designed that
because of the character of their contents, their pumping into tanks may be carried on
use, or for other reasons, each tank shall be continuously throughout the rise in flood waters
safeguarded against movement when empty and from a level 3m belowthe lowesttanktothe level
submerged by high ground water orflood waters of the potential flood stage.
by anchoring, weighting with concrete or other
approved solid loading material, or securing by 85.3 Capacity of the pumping unit shall be such
other means. Each such tank shall be so that the rate of rise of water in all tanks shall be
constructed and installed that it will safely resist equivalent to the established potential average
external pressures due to high ground water or rate of rise of flood waters at any stage.
flood waters.
85.4 Each independent pumping unit shall be
83.2 At locations where there is an ample and tested periodically to insure that it is in
dependable water supply available. underground satisfactory operating condition.
tanks containing flammable or combustible
liquids. so installed that more than 70% of their
storage capacity will be submerged at the 86. STRUCTURAL GUIDES
maximum flood stage, shall be so anchored,
weighted, or secured by other means as to 86.1 Structural guides for holding floating
prevent movement of such tanks when filled with tanks above their foundations shall be so
flammable or combustible liquids, and sub- designed that there will be no resistance to the
merged by flood waters to the established flood free rise of a tank, and shall be constructed of
stage. noncombustible material.
83
MS761 :1982
filling shall be at least equal to the rate of rise of 87.2.3 If a tank is equipped with a swing line,
the flood water (or the established average the swing pipe shall be raised to and secured at its
potential rate of rise), highest position.
84
MS761 :1982
Appendix C
Classification of hazardous areas
85
MS 761 :1982
86
MS761 :1982
Appendix D
87
MS761 :1982
API Std. No. 1~2D Specification for large welded production tanks
API Std. No. 620 Recommended rules for the design and construction of
large, welded, low-pressure storage tanks
API Std. No. 2000 Venting atmospheric and low-pressure storage tanks
88
MS761 :1982
ASTM A395 Ferritic ductile iron pressure retaining casings for use
at elevated temperatures
ASTM 03243 Standard methods of test for flash point of aviation tur-
bine fuels by Setaflash Closed Tester
ASTM 03278 Standard method of test for flash point of liquids by Se-
taflash Closed Tester
D8. REGULATIONS
Uniform Building By-Laws 1 976; Street, Drainage and Building Act, 1 974.
Building Act, 1974.
89
MS761 :1982
90
TANDA-TANDA STANDARD SIRIM
Tanda-tanda Standard SIRIM seperti yang tertera di bawah adalah tanda-tanda pengesahan
dagangan berdaftar. Tanda-tanda ini hanya boleh digunakan oleh mereka yang dilesenkan
di bawah skim tanda pengesahan yang dijalankan oleh SIRIM mengikut nombor Standard
Malaysia yang berkaitan. Kewujudan tanda-tanda ini pada atau berkaitan dengan sesuatu
barangan adalah sebagai jaminan bahawa barangan tersebut telah dikeluarkan melalui satu
sistem penyeliaan, kawalan dan ujian, yang dijalankan semasa pengeluaran. Ini termasuk
pemeriksaan berkala kerja-kerja pengeluaran menurut skim tanda pengesahan SIRIM yang
dibentuk untuk menentukan bahawa barangan tersebut menepati Standard Malaysia.
Ketua Pengarah
Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan Perindustrian Malaysia
Persiaran Dato Menteri, Seksyen 2, Peti Surat 7035
40911 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Director-General
Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
Persiaran Dato Menteri, Section 2. P.O.Box 7035
40911 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
3
MS ISO/TR 9007 : 1993
INSTITUT STANDARD DAN PENYELIDIKAN PERINDUSTRIAN MALAYSIA
Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan Perindustrian Malaysia (SIRIM) telah ditubuhkan hasil dari cantuman Institut
Piawaian Malaysia (SIM) dengan Institut Negara bagi Penyelidikan Sains dan Perusahaan (NISIR) di bawah
Undang-Undang Malaysia Akta 157 pada 16hb. September 1975:Akta Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan
Perindustrian Malaysia (Perbadanan) 1975. Institut ini diletakhak dengan kuasa untuk memamju dan
menjalankan penyelidikan perindustrian dan untuk menyedia dan memajukan standard-standard bagi barangan-
barangan, proses-proses, amalan-amalan dan perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan; dan bagi mengadakan peruntukan
bagi perkara-perkara yang bersampingan atau berkaitan dengan maksud-maksud itu.
Satu daripada tugas-tugas Institut ini adalah menyediakan Standard-Standard Malaysia dalam bentuk
penentuan-penentuan bagi bahan-bahan, keluaran-keluaran, kaedah-kaedah ujian, kod-kod amalan yang
sempurna dan selamat, sistem penamaan dan lain-lain. Standard-Standard Malaysia disediakan oleh
jawatankuasa-jawatankuasa perwakilan yang menyelaras keupayaan pengilang dan kecekapan pengeluaran
dengan kehendak-kehendak yang munasabah dari pengguna. Ia menuju ke arah mencapai kesesuaian bagi
maksud, memudahkan pengeluaran dan pengedaran, kebolehsalingtukaran gantian dan pelbagai pilihan yang
mencukupi tanpa pembaziran.
Standard-Standard Malaysia disediakan hanya setelah penyiasatan yang lengkap menujukkan bahawa sesuatu
projek itu disahkan sebagai yang dikehendaki dan berpadanan dengan usaha yang terlibat. Hasil ini berasaskan
persetujuan sukarela dan memberi pertimbangan kepada kepentingan pengeluar dan pengguna. Standard-
Standard Malaysia adalah sukarela kecuali is dimestikan oleh badan-badan berkuasa melalui peraturan-
peraturan, undang-undang persekutuan dan tempatan atau cara-cara lain yang sepertinya.
Institut ini beroperasi semata-mata berasaskan tanpa keuntungan. Ia adalah satu badan yang menerima bantuan
kewangan dari Kerajaan, kumpulan wang dari bayaran keahlian, hasil dari jualan Standard-Standard dan
terbitan-terbitan lain, bayaran-bayaran ujian dan bayaran-bayaran lesen untuk mengguna Tanda Pengesahan
SIRIM dan kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang berhubung dengan Penstandardan, Penyelidikan Perindustrian dan
Khidmat Perunding.
The Standard and Industrial research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) is established with the merger of the
Standards Institution of Malaysia (SIM) and the National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR)
th
under the Laws of Malaysia Act 157 on 16 . September 1975: Standards and Industrial Research Institute of
Malaysia (Incorporation) Act 1975. The Institute is vested with the power to provide for the promotion and
undertaking of industrial research and for the preparation and promotion of standards for commodities,
processes, practices and services; and to provide for matters incidental to or connected with those purposes.
One of the functions of the Institute is to prepare Malaysian Standards in the form of specifications for materials
and products, methods of testing, codes of sound and safe practice, nomenclature, etc. Malaysian Standards are
prepared by representative committees which co-ordinate manufacturing capacity and production efficiency with
the users reasonable needs. They seek to achieve fitness for purpose, simplified production and distribution
replacement interchangeability, and adequate variety of choice without wasteful diversify.
Malaysian Standards are prepared only after a full enquiry has shown that the project is endorsed as a desirable
one and worth the effort involved. The work is based on voluntary agreement, and recognition of the community
of interest of producer and consumer. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are
made mandatory by statutory authorities by means of regulations, federal and local by-laws or any other similar
ways.
The Institute operates entirely on a non-profits basis. It is a grant aided body receiving financial aid from the
Government, funds from membership subscriptions and proceeds from sales of Standards and other
publications, fees and licence fees for the use of SIRIM Certification Mark and other activities associated with
Standardization, Industrial Research and Consultancy Services.