2016/2017 Academic Year

ECX5332 POWER SYSTEMS II

ASSIGNMENT 3

(To be submitted on or before 22.08.2017)

(Answer all the questions)

Question 1

A generator is connected to two loads S1 and S2 via 33 kV radial distribution line as shown in
figure Q1. Two identical Over-current relays are located at circuit breakers locations X and Y.
Current transformers at circuit breakers location are identical and CT ratio is 250 A/5 A. The
generator has an impedance of 0.25 p.u. and 0.05 p.u. on 100 MVA base under the minimum
and maximum fault conditions. Positive sequence impedance of each line is 0.45 p.u. on the same
base. The pick-up settings of over current relays can be adjusted by taps at 2.5, 3.75, 5.0, 6.25,
7.5, 8.75 and 10.0 A. and time-multiplier can be adjustable from 0.1 to 1 continuously. The time-
current characteristic of the over current relay (time multiplier at 1.0) is as follows:

PSM 1.5 4 5 10 20

Time (s) 15 4.5 3.9 2.65 2.0

Generator
X L1 Y L2
S1=6 MVA
S2=3 MVA
Figure Q1

(i) Determine the pick-up values for the relay at X and Y

(ii) With the relay Y having time leaver setting at 0.1 determine the suitable time
multiplier setting for the relay X to provide remote back-up for the relay at Y.
(iii) If a fault occurs at the midpoint of line L2 and the relay Y did not respond how long
does it take to provide the back-up protection by the relay at X
( Use log-log paper wherever necessary )

Question 2

a) Explain why the use of distance relay for the protection of transmission lines is better
than the over current relay
b) With suitable diagram explain the zones of distance relay

1
 c) A transmission line is protected by a Mho relay. The Mho relay has a maximum reach of
60 ohm in a direction of 450 with the R-axis. The transmission line has an impedance of
20+j60 ohm.
i. Determine the extent of the transmission line protected by the Mho relay
ii. What is the maximum resistance of the fault, which when occurring at a distance
of 10% of the line length from the location of the relays, would be detected by the
relay system?
(Graphical solution is recommended)

Question 3

(a). With suitable sketches discuss the use of differential relays for the protection of

i. Generators
i. Power Transformers
ii. Bus-Bars

(b). A certain 100 MVA, 66 kV/230 kV / three- phase transformer is protected by a

differential relay. A 1000/5 A current transformer is installed at the 66 kV side. Select suitable
current transformer for the HV side of the transformer (available CT are 1000/800/600/400 -5
A).
i. Calculate the currents through the operating and restrain coils
ii. Draw the connections of differential relay to this / transformer.
iii. What is meant by an amplitude comparator and phase angle comparator, and indicate
their use.