Anda di halaman 1dari 11

Well Design 3D

ENM210 Drilling Technology

The Robert Gordon University 2007

Well Profile 3D
This works a profile out in full 3 dimensional
space
Dimension 1 is TVD
Dimension 2 is North
Dimension 3 is East
Using minimum curvature to design wells by
section
Lead angles
Dogleg limitations by formation
Tangent section requirements

The Robert Gordon University 2007 2

1
Manual calculation
Forget it
Use the software; its much easier.

The Robert Gordon University 2007 3

Some specials
Horizontal
Designer
Geo-steered
Well placement in reservoir

The Robert Gordon University 2007 4

2
Well Profile 3D
Azimuthal changes
Same dogleg severity
Lead angles needed
Increasing MDs

The Robert Gordon University 2007 5

S/Sn/W 3D view
Straight horizontal
No dogleg
Snaky horizontal
Azimuth seeking
Wavy horizontal
Inclination seeking

The Robert Gordon University 2007 6

3
Horizontal
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000

0 0
Tie-In
seabed

1000
KOP
Special S-profile 1000

2000 2000

3000 3000

EOC #1 (3D-S)
4000 4000

5000 5000

6000 6000

7000 7000

8000 8000

9000 9000

10000 10000

11000 11000

12000 KOP #2 RGU_E5 v1.00 12000

EOC
RGU_E5
#2 td

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000

The Robert Gordon University 2007 7

Well Profiles Terminology


T arg e t
North and East are
positive De pa rt ure

South and West


negative
nt
me

True displacement is
lace
Latutude

Disp

the hypotenuse of the


n
c tio
Se

latitude and departure


al
rtic
Ve

Surface Reference Point

The Robert Gordon University 2007

4
Closure Azimuth
T arge t
CLOSURE AZIMUTH
= DEPARTURE Depart ure
tan 1
LATITUDE

t
men
lace
Latutude

Disp

on
cti
Se
al
rtic
Ve
Surface Reference Point

The Robert Gordon University 2007

Vertical Section
VERTICAL SECTION=
DISPLACEMENT x cos (TARGET AZIMUTH - CLOSURE AZIMUTH) Target

Depart ure
t
men

VERTICAL SECTION IS
lace
Latutude

THE PROJECTION OF
Disp

n
tio

THE SURVEY STATION


c
Se

ONTO THE PLANE OF


al
rtic

PROPOSAL
Ve

Surface Reference Point

The Robert Gordon University 2007

5
Plane of Proposal Targ et

Purpose for De p a r t u r e

calculating vertical
section:

ent
Project well onto

cem
la
Latutude
Plane of Proposal

Disp

n
tio
Plot progress of well

ec
lS
a
rtic
on the Well Plan.

Ve
PLANE OF PROPOSAL

The Robert Gordon University 2007

Tortuosity
Tortuosity is the excess curvature in a wellbore. It is
usually expressed as a value per unit length eg.
0.4deg/100ft
It is very important when trying to predict torque and
drag for a particular profile.
Rotary steerable assembly should significantly reduce
tortuosity compared with steerable motors

The Robert Gordon University 2007

6
Impact of Kick off Depth
Kick off point can vary for all wells
Simple J well
Next slide will show the outcome of
deepening the KOP by 500ft increments
Because the radius of curve is less than
the target offset distance there will always
be a mathematical solution

The Robert Gordon University 2007

Easy to Impractical
0 2000 4000 6000 8000

0 tie-in 0

seabed
nudge point

nudge point

nudge point

2000 nudge point 2000

nudge point

nudge point

nudge point

4000 nudge point 4000

nudge point

nudge point
TVD Scale = 1:2000(ft)

nudge point

6000 nudge point 6000

nudge point

nudge point

nudge point

8000 nudge point 8000

nudge point

nudge point

nudge point

10000 nudge point j7 2000kop


J-7 10000kop
1000kop
4000kop
5000kop
1500kop
2500kop
4500kop
6000kop
3000kop
5500kop
8500kop
6500kop
7000kop
9500kop
8000kop
9000kop
7500kop
3500kop 10000
td

12000 12000

end of build

0 2000 4000 6000 8000


Vertical Section (ft) Azim = 200.22, Scale = 1:2000 Origin = 0 N/-S, 0 E/-W

The Robert Gordon University 2007 14

7
Impact of Kick off Depth
For the same target and BUR:
The shallower the kick off depth, the lower the
tangent angle and the shorter is the well length.
Well KOP Angle Measured Depth @ Amount of
TD directional steering
1000kop 1000ft 44 13077ft 2239ft
2000kop 2000ft 49 13395ft 2463ft
3000kop 3000ft 54 13777ft 2728ft
4000kop 4000ft 61 14242ft 3046ft
5000kop 5000ft 68 14418ft 3428ft
6000kop 6000ft 77 15522ft 3885ft
7000kop 7000ft 88 16400ft 4421ft
The Robert Gordon University 2007

Shallow Kick off Point


Shorter well length
Lower casing costs, smaller rig capacity ?
More directional work
Inevitable if platform drilling, but maybe not necessary
on land
Likely leads to higher cost wells (higher mud and
directional)
Lower tangent angles
Easier for hole cleaning
Maybe more difficult for directional work - holding low
angle is not always easy
The Robert Gordon University 2007

8
Shallow Kick off Point cont.
Build up section to be cased off
Good to case of the build up section
Typical offshore designs set casing at end of initial build
Reduce risk as build up section potentially more unstable
Enables a very high displacement from the
wellhead
ERD wells use very high kick off points and very high
angle tangent section angles
Allows high displacement even if at a shallow TVD
Build up rate typically low to reduce overall torque
and drag
Allowing high build up rates here will have large impact
The Roberton torque
Gordon values further down well
University 2007

Impact of reservoir entry


Kick off point can vary for all wells
S-shaped wells and the simple J
Target G-6 from the Grekromano field
Drilled from Slot 04 on the Zeus
installation
Next slide will show the outcome of
increasing reservoir entry angle

The Robert Gordon University 2007

9
0 0

2000 2000

4000 4000
TVD Scale = 1:2000(ft)

6000 6000

8000 8000

10000 C-6 10
c6 40
90
30
70
J60
20
80
50 10000

12000 12000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Verti cal Section (ft) Azi m = 339.12, Scal e = 1:2000 Ori gin = 35.35 N/-S, 7.07 E/-W

The Robert Gordon University 2007 19

All possible reservoir entry angles


For the same target; use same BUR and DOR
Vary reservoir entry from vertical to horizontal (10 S + 1 J)
Demonstrates the differences
KOP Sail Measured Depth Amount of directional
Well Angle @ TD steering
C-6 vertical 600ft 76deg 21647ft 8337ft
C-6 10deg 600ft 74deg 21319ft 7628ft
C-6 20deg 600ft 72deg 21084ft 6946ft
C-6 30deg 600ft 70deg 20930ft 6296ft
C-6 40deg 600ft 69deg 20840ft 5683ft
C-6 50deg 600ft 68deg 20800ft 5104ft
C-6 60deg 600ft 68deg 20782ft 4560ft
C-6 J 600ft 68deg 20780ft 4150ft
C-6 70deg 600ft 68deg 20781ft 4250ft
C-6 80deg 600ft 68deg 20785ft 4749ft
C-6 90deg 600ft 67deg 20810ft 5250ft

The Robert Gordon University 2007

10
J Type vs S type discussion
As can be seen for the same kick off point
there is a large difference in the tangent
angle and measured depth of the well.
S type wells will tend to develop a lot more
torque than an equivalent displacement J
type
Usually S shaped wells drilled for
production reasons have a small
tolerance on the angle across reservoir
(less than 5 or 10 degrees)
The Robert Gordon University 2007

Summary
Every target potentially has 1000s of well plans to hit the
centre.
Choose your plan based on reason dont just accept the 1st
one you are given
Use geology to help with plans, if you know a formation naturally
builds then use this to your advantage
Also find out if formations are stable drilled in all directions
Make plans as simple as possible
Remember big bends in the wells initially cause major issues
later on in the well with torque
Know what the completion mechanism is during design stage
e.g. ESPs need tangent sections, PCPs have dogleg
constraints

The Robert Gordon University 2007

11

Anda mungkin juga menyukai