BIOLOGY

DISSECTION

TEACHER : PN SALIZA BINTI KHAIREDIN

TEAM MEMBERS :
NUR ELLYSA SHAHANAZ BINTI EDDI MARZUKI (000207-10-1440)
AHMAD HAIKAL BIN MD SAID (001031-10-1643)
ARISHA IREENA BINTI AZMAL RAHIM (000213-10-0778)
MARSYA RASINA BINTIN RAMLAN (000731-10-0946)
CLASS & YEAR : 4 SCT 3 / 2016
 APPRECIATION
We would like to dedicate a very special thanks to our biology teacher, Puan. Saliza
who has guided us throughout this experiment. Before starting the Dissection we were well
informed of the procedures. Furthermore, we would like to thank our team members for
giving full cooperation for bringing the apparatus that were assigned to them.
The lab assistant also helped us a lot by preparing all the materials for the groups
beforehand. Last but not least, our parents and friends who had given numerous support to us
in the minimalist yet truly appreciated way. Lastly, a very special thanks to our friend for not
only for taking care of the rats but she also buried the animals corpse near our school
compound. This experiment was made possible thanks to the provider of the animals of frogs,
rats, and fishes.
- Ellysa, Haikal, Arisha, Marsya

Picture 2.

Syasya, Our friend

Kindly burying the

Animals corpse
 DISSECTION OF FROG:
Lungs
One of the best example of an amphibian, is a frog. This little amphibian live on
land and in water. This respiratory surfaces of frogs are therefore well adapted for efficient
gaseous exchange on land and water. Gaseous exchange in frogs occurs through the skin and
lungs.
There are several ways on how we dissected our frog. Firstly the frog was put inside
a container that was filled with wet cotton wool. Those cotton wool was poured with some
chloroform before putting it into the container to faint the frog. After few minutes, we
removed the fainted frog from the container and placed it on the dissecting tray.
Secondly, we made the first incision on the skin along the centre of the frog to
bisect it. We lifted the frogs skin between the rear legs using a pair of forceps and later made
a small cut through the lifter skin with a scapel. Using a scissors to continue the incision all
the way to the frogs chin.
After that, we picked up and opened the flaps of skin with the forceps and pin the
flaps to the dissecting tray. We made a vertical incision through the abdominal muscle by
lifting the muscle layer with forceps. By using scissor, we continued the incision to a point
just below the front legs and turned the blades sideways so that we only cut through the chest
bones.
Last but not least we seperated the muscle flaps from the organs below, pull back
the muscle flap and hold them using the forceps. We also seperated the muscle layer from the
organ tissue by using the scapel. After that we pinned the flaps of skin and muscle to the
dissecting tray.
Lastly, we tried to locate the lungs, and we examine the surface of the lungs and
other organs. This steps are also used for dissecting rats.
This experiment was carried by Ahmad Haikal bin Md Said and Nur Ellysa
Shahanaz Binti Eddi Marzuki.
 DISSECTION OF RAT:
Lungs
We repeated the steps of dissecting frog to rat. We started of by putting the rat inside
the container to faint it and ended of by examine the surface of the lungs and other internal
organs.
We studied the external anatomy of the rat that we were about to dissect. The fur
colour was white and the tail is long to balance and support that acts as the similar way
humans use their arms. The mechanism of a rat is much more similar to humans.
In order to locate the trachea, we carefully removed the muscles of the neck. The
trachea is identifiable by its ringed cartilage which provides support. The esophagus lies
underneath the trachea.
At each end of the stomach is muscular valve. The opening between the esophagus
and the stomach is called the cardiac sphincter. The opening between the stomach and the
intestine is called the pyloric sphincter.
The spleen is about the same color as the liver. It is associated with the circulatory
system and functions in the destruction of blood cells. A person can live without a spleen, but
they're more likely to get sick as it helps the immune system function.

The pancreas is a brownish, flattened gland found in the tissue between the stomach
and small intestine. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are sent to the intestine.
The small intestine has three sections: duodenum, jejunum and ileum, Listed in order
from the stomach to the large intestine. The jejunum and ileum are both curly parts of the
intestine, with the ileum being the last section before the small intestine becomes the large
intestine.

We also located the colon, which is the large greenish tube that extends from the
small intestine and leads to the anus. The colon is also known as the large intestine. Food
enters the colon from the small intestine The Colon is where the finals stages of digestion and
water absorption occurs. The colon contains section such as cecum and rectum.

This experiment was carried by Arisha Ireena binti Azmal Rahim and Marsya Rasina
binti Ramlan.
 DISSECTION OF FISH:
Gills
Gills are the respiratory structure specialized for gaseous exchange in water. A Bony
fish have four pairs of gills which are protected by the operculum. Each gills is composed of
filaments which are supported by a gill arch.
The Filaments have numerous thin-walled lamellae. This structural adaptation of the
gill serves to maximize the surface are for gaseous exchange. The gill filaments also have
thin membranes and a rich supply of blood capillaries to facilitate efficient exchange of and
transport of respiratory.
This experiment was carried to observe the mechanism of gills of the fish. First things
first, we brought a dead fish to school. Then, we placed the fish on the dissecting tray. We
opened the operculum with a pin to remove the gills on one side of the fish.

Then, we cut through the bone at the top where the gills are joined to the head.
After that, we cut through the bone at the bottom using a sharp knife.

We held the operculum, and lifted the gills to cut them from the skin. Later after that,
we observed the gills. This experiment was carried by Ahmad Haikal bin Ahmad Md Said
and Marsya Rasina binti Ramlan.

Picture 5. A picture of the filament and gill arch

 RESULTS

Picture 1. Results after finishing

dissecting the frogs.

Picture 2. The internal organs

Of the frog along with its labelling.
 Picture 3. After the first incision on the skin of the rat.

Picture 4. Results after finishing dissecting the rat.

 TEAM MEMBERS

Picture 1. From left: Ahmad Haikal, Marsya Rasina, Arisha Ireena & Ellysa Shahanaz
 REVIEW
ELLYSA S. : It was an amazing experience as it was the first time I was able to look really
close into a living animals insides and study its anatomy and respiratory structure firsthand.
Bonus when the frogs heart was still beating even after separated from its body. It was truly
a thrilling moment and one I wouldnt forget. The experiment has taught me many things
including the beauty and wonders of gods creations.

HAIKAL S. : Overall of this experiment, Ive learned that the organs of rat, fish and frog
are far more complex than I would imagine. I am lucky to have the chance to experience the
dissection of animals. As the experiment went successful, it really did taught me how
respiration take place in animal, because in my opinion, conducting an experiment would
instill it on my mind. Thus, I am very happy we accomplished this experiment successfully.

ARISHA I. : Im so happy that we finally did it in this dissection of frogs, rats and fish! In
my opinion, I learned that if we want to achieve the desired goals, we must have courage to
overcome many challenges. The same as I have to be brave to dissect rat and frog. There are
many experiences that Ive gained during the dissection. I can see with my own eyes of the
positions of the organs in the body when we have completed dissect both animals. This
experiment will be an unforgettable experiment for me.

MARSYA R. : In my opinion, by reading more facts and studying the position of organs
really well beforehand, will make this dissection really enjoyable & profitable for you. I also
feel amazed that the dissection went well, it was one of the activity that Ive been waiting to
achieve since the day my 3rd sister showed her dissection pictures. Practicality beats theory,
after the dissection, I realized that the mechanism of each animals were different than Ive
imagined.

If it werent because of biology, we would not experience and imagined ourselves being that
close especially to animals such as rats and frogs.
- THE END -