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1
Abstract
I trained for two months, which is a short period to know all or most of things
about the constructions.
And in Al Rabia I had a chance to see the foundation , column for the basement
, retaining wall, ready mix concrete, continuous wall and water well
reinforcement .
Also, I used to go to the office and learn things there , like how to make some
quantities surveying.
2
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements........1
Abstract...........2
Table of Contents .......3
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 About the company ...4
1.2 My team 4
1.3 Sites .5
1.4 Time table .....5
Chapter2
Al ramtha site
2.1 preparation ..6
2.2 About the structure ..6
2.2.1 soil bearing capacity.....6
2.2.2 cement ....7
2.2.3 Aggregate 8
2.2.4 blocks ....8
2.3 Retaining walls 8
2.4 columns9
2.4.1 reinforcement of column.....9
2.4.2 framework .10
2.4.3 Pouring Concrete10
2.4.4 Formwork Removal ...11
2.5 The stone 12
2.5.1 stone isolation ...12
2.5.2 Installation of stone ...13
2.6 final view 14
Chapter3
Al rabia site
3.1 Foundation ........................................................................................................................ 15
3.1.1: single foundation.15
3.1.2: combined foundation ..17
3.1.3 continues or strip foundation.....17
3.1.4 :Advantages and disadvantages of strip foundations.....18
3.2 Water well ...19
3.3 concrete ..20
3.3.1 mixing....20
3.3.2curning....20
Chapter 4
Errors and notes ..21_23
Refernces.24
Table of figure 25
3
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.2 My team :
~ I have been trained with Enas , Ghadeer , Mervat , Walla , mohanned and
Ashraf .
~ Eng mohmmed was the supervisor at Al Ramtha site .
~ Eng Mahmoud al soboh was the supervisor at Al Rabiah site .
~ Eng suhaib bani Younes was the supervisor at the office.
4
1.3 Sites :
Time place
8/6/2017 _ 28/6/2017 Al ramtha
6/7/2017 _ 8/8/2017 Al rabiah
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Chapter 2
Al Ramtha site :
2.1 Preparations :
In this chapter I will talk about retaining wall , column and stone .
Bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the
ground.
6
~ This table shows the safe limit of the allowable bearing caoacity :
Rock 32.40
2.2.2 cement :
7
2.2.3 Aggregate :
2.2.4 blocks :
Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting the soil mass
laterally so that the soil can be retained at different levels on the two sides.
After we calculate the loads on the building , we will be able to know how
many bar to be use in each column .And all the column in the site was
rectangle.
The footing is always poured before the column and contains metal "starter
bars" that extend out of its surface, these starter bars provide a place to fix the
rebar or steel bars that will reinforce the concrete itself. Then we make them
straight using ' bolbol' .
9
2.4.2 framework:
Next, the worker on the project makes up the formwork -- the wooden structure
that will give the concrete in the column its shape and keep it in place while the
concrete solidifies.
Figure2.3: framework
Once the formwork has been nailed down around the rebar, the construction
crew can mix and pour the concrete. The concrete mix is very important
because the ratio of water to mortar helps determine both the strength and
workability of the concrete, so it must be done exactly according to
specifications. The concrete is then poured into the formwork around the rebar
where it begins to harden.
10
It can be done by pump or manually , like this :
Figure2.4:pouring concrete
11
2.5 The stone :
33
There is lots of type of stones in Jordan such as Rweshed and Ma'an stones. In
our site we use Anjara first class .
Figue2.5: stone
Insulation not only saves energy but also improves the comfort of your home.
There is three type of isolation :
1) thermal isolation.
2) acoustic isolation.
3) water isolation.
12
We use thermal insulation material in our site' polystyrene' with thickness 3
cm , as we see in the next figure :
13
2.6 final view :
14
Chapter 3
Al Rabia site :
3.1 Foundation :
Isolated or single footings are used to support single columns. This is one of
the most economical types of footings and is used when columns are spaced at
relatively long distances.
16
3.1.2: combined foundation :
We use one combined footing because the space we had was short we can see it
in the next figure .
A strip footing is another type of spread footing which is provided for a load
bearing wall. A strip footing can also be provided for a row of columns which
are so closely spaced that their spread footings overlap or nearly touch each
other. In such cases, it is more economical to provide a strip footing than to
provide a number of spread footings in one line. A strip footing is also known
as continuous footing.
17
3.1.4 :Advantages and disadvantages of strip foundations.
1)The positive may include simplicity of design, the possibility to build the
foundation without expensive tools as well as its long-term operation.
18
3.2 Water well :
19
3.3 concrete :
3.3.1 mixing:
3.3.2curning:
20
Chapter 4
21
b) The steel bar for the first floor wasn't tied well , so one of them went down ,
as you can see in the figure below:
~ Notes:
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4) We can improve soil bearing capacity by :
There are other important notes that we learn outside the boundary of study ,
like how to respect time , how to treat with different characters of people .
I knew that every stage of our life has different beauty from the stage before.
And the training period was really great stage and useful period .
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References:
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregation_in_concrete
2) #/http://civilblog.org/2015/02/20/how-to-improve-bearing-capacity-of-soil
3) http://raisedfloorlivingpro.com/construction-process/footings-foundations
4) http://engineeringtraining.tpub.com/14071/css/Figure-1-7-Wall-And-
Column-Foundations-18.htm
5) http://civilblog.org/2014/11/09/what-are-different-types-of-footings
6) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete
7) http://www.samamman.com/888
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Table of figure