INCOM18: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering

Jadavpur University Kolkata India January 4 6, 2018

Paper No. INCOM18-XXX

Diagnosis of Machinery Health by Vibration Analysis Techniques

Babla Ghosh1, Debabrata Nag2
1
Sr. Divisional Engineer (Mech), Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), Kolkata, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

ABSTRACT
Vibration analysis is a powerful tool for health assessment of rotating machines. Worldwide application in the
industry makes it popular and gives recognition as an indispensable technique in recent maintenance strategy.
Maintenance philosophy in the industry has changed radically over the use of modern Condition Monitoring
techniques. Evolving from the base of maintenance strategy of FM (Failure maintenance) and PM (Preventive
maintenance), technologists attain to SRCM (Streamline Reliability Centered Maintenance) and which is made
possible only due to application of CBM (Condition Based Maintenance).Vibration Analysis technique gives the
confidence to identify the root cause of machinery fault. Therefore it is possible to make proper planning for
taking shut down of the equipment with due consideration the health of the machine. This paper deals with two
practical case studies in Thermal Power Plant and discusses how the machines can be saved from pre-mature
failure by virtue of vibration analysis..
Keywords: Vibration Analysis, Signature, Spectrum, Phase, FFT, Waveform, Vibration level.

1. INTRODUCTION Table 1: Equipment Specification

Load carrying component of any rotating
Equipment Drive Unit Speed Power(KW)
machines is its bearing. Any kind of unbalanced
(rpm)
force developed in the rotor is experienced by the
bearing. So, when a vibration analyst mounts his Ash-slurry Motor 1500 235
vibration probe on bearing cap, he should have an pump
autopsy of the undulation of the machine
component. Proper functioning of bearings is most
important in nuclear power stations, chemical When field data on the amplitude of vibration
plants, aviation industries and also process of the ten numbers of bearings (as shown in Fig 1)
industries. A large survey on faults in the electric are recorded, the following information have been
motor was carried out by Electric Power Research revealed in terms of the rms velocity measured in
Institute (EPRI) in 1985 and it was reported that various locations along the horizontal (H), vertical
41% of faults were related to worn motor bearings. (V) and axial (A) directions.
Machine health and performance can be easily
identified by using health monitoring techniques. Table 2: Bearing Vibration Data of Ash-
Many condition monitoring techniques are
available to monitor the health of rotating Slurry Pump
machines; these are wear debris analysis, motor
current analysis, noise monitoring, temperature Location Velocity
monitoring, vibration monitoring etc. But the mm/sec (rms)
vibration monitoring is the most useful technique H 0.418
because it is reliable and very sensitive to fault Motor NDE V 0.658
severity. The vibration signals give us information A 0.443
about the health of bearing. Many researchers have H 0.817
worked on vibration signal analysis techniques and Motor DE V 0.550
a number of research papers have been published A 0.559
[1-8]. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the H 1.306
practicality of vibration phase & signature analysis. Fluid Coupling
V 1.066
DE
A 1.080
2. CASE STUDIES H 1.608
(a) Case 1: An ash-slurry disposal pump in Fluid Coupling
V 0.883
DSTPS, DVC is considered with the following NDE
A 1.732
details: GB-1 H 5.442
V 5.300

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 INCOM18: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
Jadavpur University Kolkata India January 4 6, 2018
Paper No. INCOM18-XXX
A 7.920
H 6.514
GB-2 V 4.258
A 7.943 Empty Chart
ASH SLURRY PUMP-C - GB-3 - Axial - Vel Spec/Wfm 120000 CPM
H 7 3.728 O/All 8.303 mm/s RMS

GB-3 V 6
4.662
A 5
8.303

mm/s RMS
H 4
7.074
3 Fig. 1: Yearwise distribution of the quantity
GB-4 V 2
5.117
A 1
7.055 The figure caption should be placed at the bottom
H 0
6.939 of the figure with centre justification. In
Pump DE V 0
7.496 20,000 40,000 60,000
exceptional cases, large figures may be written
CPM
80,000 100,000 120,00

A 5.584 ASHspanning
SLURRY PUMP-Cboth the columns.
Empty Chart
- GB-3 - Axial In120000
- Vel Spec/Wfm suchCPMcases, a
H 20 5.654 separate section should be created for the particular O/All 8.349 mm/s RMS
True pk-pk 38.55 mm/s
Pump NDE V 10
4.227 figure and that section should have a single column Crest Factor 2.309

A 4.258 format. The size of the figures and the fonts of the
mm/s

0
texts should be such that they are clearly legible
-10 after pasting. Colour figures will not be
accepted.Figures should be referred to in the text
-20
0 50
as Fig. 1 in the middle of a sentence and as Figure
100 150 200 250 300 350

1 RMS
at the<set
beginning of the sentence.ms

Fig. 2(a): Velocity

14-Jul-16 4:04:48 PM
Spectrum
O/All 8.349 mm/s
and RPM>
Waveform for Vrms= 8.303 m/s
5. TABLES
Tables should be pasted within the text column
as follows.

Table 1: Yearwise distribution of the quantity

Year Number
2016 82
2015 86
2014 65
2.1 Sub-section under Section 1
The sub-sections should be numbered as shown 2013 64
above. 2012 67
2011 56
3. EQUATIONS
Equations should be written using MS-Equation The table caption should be placed above the table
editor. The equation should be typed within the with centre justification. The figure should be typed
space for text. In exceptional cases, large equations within the space for text. In exceptional cases, large
may be written spanning both the columns. In such tables may be written spanning both the columns.
cases, a separate section should be created for the In such cases, a separate section should be created
particular equation and that section should have a for the particular table and that section should have
single column format. While writing equations, all a single column format.Tables should be referred to
vectors and tensors should be written using bold in the text as Table 1.
font and scalars using italicized normal fonts. An
example is given below. 6. REFERENCE STYLE
References should be numbered according to
(1) their first occurrence in the text and cited giving the
Equations should be referred to in the text as Eq. last name of the author followed by the reference
(1) in the middle of a sentence and as Equation (1) number in brackets e.g., Hilborn [3]. For papers
at the beginning of the sentence. with two authors, last names of both the authors
should be mentioned, e.g., Rees and Pop [4]. For
4. FIGURES three or more authors, only the last name of the
first author followed by et al. should be given, e.g.,
Figures should be pasted within the text column
Sarkar et al. [2].
as follows.
Reference to journal papers should include
authors names, followed by initials, year of

2
 INCOM18: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
publication, title of the article, name of the journal
(abbreviated according to standard practice),
volume number, and numbers of first and last
pages. Reference to publications in conference
proceedings should include surname(s) of
author(s), followed by their initial(s), year of
publication,paper/ page number, name of the
conference, dates, place and country. Reference to
books should include surname(s) of author(s),
initial(s), year of publication, title of the book,
edition of the book, place of publication, name of
publisher, and pages referred to. Reference to book
chapters should include: surname(s) of author(s),
initial(s), year of publication, title of chapter, title
of the book, edition, initial(s) and name(s) of
editor(s) (if any), name of publisher,place of
publication. Reference to thesis should include the
surname of the author, followed by initials, the title
of thesis, year of publication, the degree for which
submitted, the name of university and the city and
country where located. For articles by DOI, the
reference should include the name(s) of author(s),
followed by initial(s), year of publication, name of
source, and DOI number. For online documents, the
reference should include the surname(s) of
author(s) followed by initial(s), year, source title,
complete web address and date of accessing the
site. Representative examples of different types of
references are given in the next section.
7. REFERENCES
Journals
[1] Kerschen, G. and Golinval. J.C.,2002, J. Sound
Vib., 249, 849 - 865.
Conference Proceedings
Jadavpur University Kolkata India January 4 6, 2018
Paper No. INCOM18-XXX
[2] Sarkar, S., Lore, K.G., and Sarkar, S., Proc.
2015 International Conference on Cognitive
Computation:Integrating Neural and Symbolic
Approaches - COCO15. Montreal, Canada, 2015,
93101.
Books
[3] Hilborn, R.C., 2000, Chaos and Nonlinear
Dynamics. Second Edition, New York: Oxford
University Press, New York, USA.
Book Chapters
[4] Rees, D.A.S. and Pop, I., 2005, Local Thermal
Non-equilibrium in porous medium convection,in:
Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, vol. III.,
Ingham, D.B. and Pop, I. (ed.), 147-174. Elsevier,
Oxford, UK.
Theses
[5] Zou, Y., 2007, Exploring recurrences in
quasiperiodic dynamical systems. PhD thesis,
University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
DOI documents
[6] Slifka, M.K. and Whitton, J.L., 2000, J Mol
Med. (2000) doi:10.1007/s001090000086
Online documents
[7] Cartwright, J., Big stars have weather too.
(IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb, 2007),
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1.
Accessed 26 June 2007