Yarbabs Ye Flog o lk { Thumodynami a} Ee = L The branch of —_phyatce in which toe dala — | | fot th Hhux=mal__moffon __of tha —_aystem of the |tharmal motion ___of __tha_pantiele: And tae _cmsider macro___state. System’ re = mic ayakem, 7 _Taolated: thr __univeras__Macther inderesteds eh icon - enagy nol mater “a tanta — Nor ensegy ms i | dy (ac vy. 2 Sa as Ocean ive B Cidially only) Contests J nF[ae at a i ger] ——| jlanepeneaus— Ay len tf. a eee ; - fans LE Tier constant He Heteoqeasous fe eee ee poe | ¢ i —tyadtem( Nader tice er ae me fe he variably utd pendant —on_pacte only dhend — Rm hn MRC eT pe Ae) akc Be dp no thin non. state vamtebles Wi Q 2 Feb: Uy PTY — pene it the vounbles oie “inde pandini_]amointe | oj—matter or atne of etn | € a = | txdenaive 2 Tp alipindt thin be OV) ; NV, Urs Tuat capacely Be Ae ing ee nore eee GEE i a = Bae : : it eee . a | oS <5 es Es 7 x ee: =o lente ime ae ____L-trtentive. 7 — —-t ¢ LF f [nor intense TS f [than inkntic: als oe — a { | +Nese [M*iDate: jenl ——— b Specific _hratt ae aaa _ at — cf 1 — — dQ Mod = cp de -_ a= Gvdtly. wv dt =a reset fic het Kuatcopactties dg =0 pamereieeace a +. dQ =o huat: Given + taken 7 Co oO { [azo] Catflory principla- _ | 4G + 09 =0 | ner} e rT ie J. _ [mgarx fry cy Atco a J 7 T, — oe. _ Ce — TT : mith (RTH mG (wn) zo

1 MOT >, e £ ThG dt +[ng.dT =o - J Foal Uf _specrfic aati tndlependint of temp rato» ane lar + n fae =o _ : ¢ mt Ge (aT) + CAP), = if —_Apectfre feat (4 _caonatani-] indypan dint» Yom pra diate a PY _egubebrcum+ - kb : = #1 fe —_uchans'col —_epubtbrvumn =p}m= Tlonrtt for diab a Or ; ve poner Dae epee ef —freed@aie Z ; [v= tre} ~ Ce — Gy Ths meclyn ams a —Egucvalent Malan matte hin ny “pple cotth mol mate Mp ame __| | mired i a than’ the = fA pen bp : Hote at By ————— Piet} ——cL dw gi] = (a8) Ty ntvd?= MG dq =n lyd? . __ nly = my Cy +n 5 i BG = MM zn 3G, - veMe nn gn c TERI i | Gal Specific heat at eaattpretsune of the mite . (p= Cyve_nk ue ‘ . Cpe nh t ty = MR + M1 He ay Cy, beyNedra i) fogm: + water at % © is mired with 59m. of water at “C_find the temp ra tune of the mixhouw —, to epulebrsium oa dol. . A & + 4% <0 _ mr QiCar) + my Sp, (an), =o tog x (t= Be) + 59 & (t= He) = regi = yay + Spt — 1009 15gt = esoy fe cmicall - Joke = 1 | «ke Qe mh AG + Q, =6 = : SRE SIL 30) ESHA CP ih PF —P—Fo}- _ L thin = me eat = 59M OFX HIE = +50 GL | Ley em= gogme LRYE = . =__750_@l- oeeeeeeee eetee also _ aa _ “pF — “50K me FOE i = La ps0eh eee cee —— . QA vartel has “hao. _compant ment —of volume pF. on-taning an tole : pat—at—_prettune fr £8 tnd —__ Jempractiner Th 4 Ty sudpeetively. tf aro e eae ja Yer makin toil ba. _ | ie At t By (Ca yne 4 = al PrER F ary = 7 —— + | Cz hh thy a .ng)? Ta ! hy : yj I t+ BV. _ ft] iy j; & =e Tl = | pit DQ40 0, =o ! car hy, (1-1) +My —G, (P= ) 20 : £ a i Ae re rh + ye, | - — + fo-_Aame mo ler- |Po gt af Ql Thr emp: of: * three merrier f deff Mee de Ao te | ae 190 29% vation |. _ ohn A__4 8 au mized is 16 and 8 4 ou! ined eb i gst wha —phoulel bn the topadhos Lenk A 46 ay minede_ ee : ae “Cp (6-10) 4G C16 -19) a eal Fo, = 38h, 20 TP iL _ hy (13-19) Cy Gm ppjeo — |. ee ee eee aoe oe $B SC ot oD ae = i > 46, 3h, x F 2 - TH, “Sos 3 ( Ts Te ® i. ar _ ( AG = mR Ty é ¢| Neel =. —+ +— —| SB(Ee Gaon 1S G =o _ = Pf roa | \ i = CTAN) + ty Pro) 20 2 | } pee (tate) ty (=v) =0 a =f ety = 0G, =o L : et 3% = Pt Oy bs, : 1 a ti SEs ea i a8 ¥ T= I odes BL i = $06 xflie ttal vo ftemee it 3m3 ¢ 7 | ie __é. m3 anaes —fisiek tele | _ dV= 3m3_ 7 we] P-dv ae = w= [Gwe veas)dv = = 3 = [av ve. ey a =p a sae fh BO ER fff EP = KR 4 tor iss ~ oe Her S38 Ha = pags rT 8 804 = 106° ft i 5 PROoL i Lowe ype goele = a at ane : aaak a Poste Page No. aT Tigo thar molly tao lafeel__pyphom have heat copneries- (phich _yanres ar y= pT thar P20» Suc bm th at 300k amd the ir at donk te Ay tltms hen a ought of Hlernal trlacts - | Combined —‘Appdens ta allow te uae ermal pytiba’im > find ie i ens — final ta a ta pF tre prs CyaT + feud zo 3 a [ pmiae + af rAd te G “wy. 2B er =O cagoa0 0000 =(400)* x 4 YT? = . (300)t +@oy)f ¢ yrts arn > Ghar? = 309 [ OLtyyey pfs 9g 7 veto? 369. x 408 Te tS = per oft Seat e] |mg fpasea «dS : As 40 the molet of 0 dintmic__tdval gather —__. fx__tahrch bt: (enatt tte _fempra tune tytneated — fon _T p 2P find che toork clans by the ayphins PP= coat _ i We | we | i PV-nRT Ath = 2M | maa PV> RP (Pew a _ _ | (eed PV og = ae Za _ are] . - We =PAV= FRAP 7 4n (¢r-T) Ales oF B arr] i . wae Tee - — be [nek 2 [age v% Pre are? peel 7 wor £ “AR i : coi ~ we [ray = the (ea) ts 7 7 eénee pve JF oe _ Z Ei ee p——— of - afr RV eeNese ate: [21k es Page ne, =e Y [ARR veg - A RAY | = 2 f fronts see — ley. _ = 2 f net) — _ , L _ 4 | . ( ZA pv dia gram.of = moles af 00 deal each shown tn —fig- tind ths marimum _?. | ¢ . Fh Lemp rafahe = for Yara procensy op. | We oo 4 ove i P¥e nRT 7 _ as = i if [pipe i cep : came i yh-Ve = i | “Phe ze BPEL eM). x _ 7 PuenRO _Ph- thts — h¥ + hve Po mR? _ | i (resav = ru] a | RB RL Ge ' f t P= 3h = BY $ . | T= py = (ah - py)v L mR Ye nR mn aT. tf Gan pev) 2 f=e dv nel % CK]Fens Meine =F thy + 3A at 50 mia a Vv = Att _ . de 60 AK. =1/en'— ae = Riu 7flaws of. THER MobyNAME = "A fnelPage No Each a! Sormedane ple th ae nite pana miter a bl Zeseth lamp dp ton bedich A 46 peptaly feces —in_qqulibeium ith “thivd —bady ¢,— Vhan_ficat —hedy ——4_tecond __boely pill alee bein the tharad ep adi brigm>— a Phe temp: ytd — in th, paramere oe physical antity that __pipnifier—th_syblem tin __- thermal —e9.c.tbvium ant wtth other system. 4 |e low of —thur edly namice (Tn itenal—entegy) According te _thiz that __4 other forme — ng lore moctually ean “blhsneve he other _formy ofehugy ans al iecfel tno hunt or vite verta, thio fixed |!fed Aut be thi -fin finitiimal _toork= dont by a wate and. AU ite fatinnd Changi ——— € 1 —_[46=durdia} . ==, fr. ch co AQ dls) = di \ 7 Diff. form — of. of fut. law of. Bumedynaniet [dtr _eyelre procenti. a a _ fae=f dv + f de : ; a J . T | al dete elie OSwe USB VAT plate fan ¢ am prefect diffrac or eract tif mn aN ee aera a) : Leste ie iW Adibbotic_puacetal: = 2°F Ut dQ=o AQzo 7”) 7 MdaeN dyin 4 du+ d= 4 (qu=-an] 4 - _— — 4 IW @ wu not enact fn mH pate a Br celead gar, oe # Ponamagns {re materiat- (solid) ?- we [Bath _| Qu 1 male of aNel pate ZF eETz Page No, 4Q=" AU+ A AQ: Bbt — AQs NRT — Gin_Conett pmreausin . : AUS f PV= ART Pave nea =) ‘v= Sng AP ? aU= 3nk4r v AQ: av+ Str = dngar +P ay = é ce Ql sy hat , foc—crternal Ad : i) AL canst knpradin. «ft Zot a W AP=0. 002 AU+Aby aeWh) At _tonatt-_demprahoe- AW AW BQ Aura wvEo oePY |pate: jo frePage No el @_ Pv? contt- 6 py"? = Const: OLZPV = (nat: QD = loptte TD — oy — — 7 py? = Galt [ dg= dut pay _ = — a dt Pdy S . |. dutRihe ©. A(3PV) tPd bo PAV +4 2VdP + Pl bso 4Pdv +3 VdP=0 4Pdv=-3VdP 4dv¥ 12 dp Vv = dv 3B dP. i Ao +t pup = Aoor = 3 Hep t dogP= fog ¢ dog vO + tog P? tage Py ee c - a py 3 « col _ Ths Infernal _€n roy of — d= mole aga 1 | ghen by Ee Bnet = 7 4—Netge a Pe Pn Mok Gl te aloo. expe. ads abactealh Into __voceum___fo_qfinal_—_ plate (B.%)+ The" Cp Y &= 3 ARH a = 3nRB-4 t re ee 2ne(g-R)-of1- = sna ) biapjse oe = Ra fh thy _ : eat it ‘ coher vt thy vo tums thi_gaa_at__demmokoa —|-f__and__.@___f4_¢tve _conatf- + Ona male of the gat —__ ‘$0 joo V - F t —_ lt Cohen late coork dons .by the bee —dusting tha ee AC, CD, DA: : i) find the data —— |oluring fhe proceat « ——— fil i) Aveac _eneleced by the. rectangh, = *(3@ = fe) ¥ Joo kPa Ti Leo ¥ $00 kta -em 3 Wag= 2% toFXgon6 Jap 2210 Soule 2 Js.evo J - qo L. fanr= -por] 402 AUt Abt for _tychic__procest = E a hence le proces Ags AW io) 3 wach —olons_—_on, te th eae mane sudurned path ff? in 12 Gt. phat te he heat Lor hte perth _ dss 8? PPC take tp tata ohat ty Ha vale af Up eal a -i i _ tf Up = Col: what cou th velueae “ed fir proreet bf and the pol «A Q- 36 Cale Agere, Alte §0%al | a A= “Abt Ab eee eee Alle S0- AV Aus ovo . near = 30 _____ AU =30 Pale Ei Soames AU;g = 30 [awe eet] - : oo I ahl> ~ 12 (al: a o—| AQ= £4 Vp ALS AUge> -30 — - = 720 + _ : i “ =-(30 +13) | = AQ =-43 Gls] __ i dip av 30 ie Up = Uy 2 20 pata Usp ee | = 30 + Jo _ i 1 Up = 40 (ak - | __ _ _ 4 (ty. Ale Up = Ue __ 4 AUpp = 407 22 FsOCar 4; L AlWafe 6, OV=0 I —_ ea _ BQre= AQro¢- AQuF & = 36-19 = socal: hyNeos HEI fy phocos 0 procesp ABCA» piven the —Ayttom _—duumung ta Proce hts eaionn \ BQ= AUVsAWOne of the urved. Avnte in oe e.ycle menace the “ine thermal _chanige a —_Jemp.« Ty while otter} 7 geiuid __by - = Chm) + RT fy (4H) \ WO + ty (% wy) ery Ca I@ =P ( Y-ve) » (im - By i (im DY, ) = RT Jn fey th of| Adinbogit procert. AQ=0, . CyCle = Abe 9 AWac 70 - % v AWyac= ei C _f pal OF ——. yr ao e Aly cao : aaa | “ ~ a - FAQ2 PCG“ F Rin [wy] 7 - ta 7 [A= + pCw-u) wer, )) Fb = MJ] balay han 2B ‘la 4-10, > 20, B20, = 14, e a0, < 6g, @ 48,6 49, Po PS ine = fg (vy, = dv) f ie hee “ <> asa r [or Goo by = (42) ° — * ———,a) ais (An), > OM, LQ in___ ftp. Defermins _mhrther th hati given to © lh fir proceed ah if AU> av Wi fr bc tf pe te L(t. for s+ ca LO Compute thy _net tor fe clons }@()___Tnder nak__enurpy _imereaaes.— ales PAV 2 AV ncreates. (2404) bW =e }__a@= (ve te: heat given fp. the Ayeni- ti AQ = +ve Abl= 0 Avo As ) ve Soin krnal nag yin erent: Gi AVe _dacreassA Sle (ove 7 = ott: ADQs AU- Ake Pyhlerce Work othe a s AU duereaasas AVEC Ne So BMC) — Hat sypeted by He Ayaterrey / Boe a i pveo By cutie - _ jE Abts PAV. — WEF boar hapht —G|4n—tihek—gar_eyponde——aadinbatitally bed ——|gquaar-._fafrcally. fori Hate tC Pe, Ye Tete Abt f__ a 5 that. 4a, change in ttt tndernad AQzo0 a : jot bus aw —_ BF fedy Pre okt I PY yitagve Veg? =o j | @ vc. y" dP oe. \ pyri | a i y £ e= ty L y AL. = [Pdvfl 1) Reversible proces fA reves ibls process ih ans ohich that “tll changes tafer__place_th__drrect_ process = —| ar exactly repeated in the _thverae _ordur_and i sAUL-nateral _pracers- axe -bieversbled tA pce er ne __vever sible only ‘toben 64+ + sais fier hoo cand "bonk = fi @ Pocerr must be quaai-ata tic ai IO Procert nad berm diag patie. 4| Complide conversion of hack Info hunt —t0 poastlls _ _ [bat complete _canveraion of heat 1a not_poseihler | se ee - TI Tid am ft Hamadnantege Beye paves Cher ws AS £0 ° _ procesk Never ta, AS 6° di Melvin Plank plademmd!= Tk in ienponetble..tocorig tract Wed engine) dive (opueating in eyels.)— tairch_toill fake heat froma ody “4 tmiertoit compli tly intr work ;.c¢theut __having any chan... © longaahest a | Classrua~ Stakment Refrepate) —o.cting —_machine_*an adda. by }any _exttenad ___agency fo. eanvey.hxa.t fram cold becky fo — hot be. ly frat —_camnet fhe petanvenily fom —a l= bocly ta hot badly. Change in entrony Tp an fnfincbenimal amount = brat de given tet, —__- _emsth = fempratus Tin sinveradlaTO Tase dt feng Eg {aso Scapa | pedal eng poses ———f [rds edt Pay : i fe. [Rede Pav Man nt Hl CP ponticle ex change inthe —procedts i j A oN Thy endenpy? of an __siaoladed

B During —e hey ela amonnt yf 6 thet ten tented fam _suaeriaia at top. kan moet of feat 9 it de Liverd oh the great od emp Ts! Which of the — | illecaing _xfafemen ff tree f~ - ~ [- S dicveanse [. ras ~ @__ase loam Melon Ta ——Ee I By wing Marmell4 __fhirmodynam'c relat derive th lab. — " fol") Classtut — Clay perma Latent beat e@g™= a — dp 2 h aa _ at Pew) . Lh 7 Covi (arly “1 fra) ay dey = ~ Xv ors Ee J @ar-s de = rv av BOR heat piven | : ae a the ayatem at - = Th | - matt em \ | Th» of plate of a matter ia = | po avs | aa A_te_coy th "Ths __inckrnal___entegy of thi_matter_}} ls given by = Us eT” Anfy; + fC) (a7 ap) =3AT~ Hae). | Gay yetdle tds — Pov De Tds- 3247? 2) ee NW a y cecal av): (20 ap i Salaare eee eee — :Sena RF “ae fo [em ye ae ea} : = ATO: : 7 Rabpaaint of aime : = Me re e Y P@= Ae. =o MIC =1/ : - ze:Waa an meta ch _ ' Ghar~ me TORT 7 De for—ron and _fir_N_melecules,. multtply caer a; en MOT i | ned = en t= — etapa! - = — — ~ -+ exe) fr _porticulan Tt. _I E _ ome fers * go ft — = r for hrighar emp _ © co aa _ [erm ORS : i ————— ; | ses -fmeveauar e akon dveved tie j QI fir dempraton dipendince 4 The pperd Le~~ ft a f nto do pay QA) The — puedo he maken of mast af an — jideal gar obeya ——Hartoel 4 _—yelaeety clea tect buctiea aes. eerioge__the___omsponuni ___of __ve loaf ty anol bythe — : Bo iticmann const The average vali of fot

Te? TA_Fae [aPeoer cy Total _microstate = 16 |_Mort_prokable ma cropate 2 gf microg ate fe a gien macroptate. 7 Totat__ne- of _mren Afate. She (a2) a Mac veg toteJocaliaed atote — dixtingushable |Date: ina Olan isolated _ystem _cona tidt _of toa __speafely _ + inbcacting —fpin-=%,—portichs A,B fitted in__apa.ce tnt : packed tn. magnet pric Bo. find out - the tal pos >- #[ —macxoplat and _micio foe —abbuord —to_ths_typom ce dein-up | _rpln dean [Nef rutmahke | Probability 5 We - Ae e.g een eee cal On 7m 4 ¢ Br poATtive Ranged pertiCt - 7 = +t fn afoot & = Chiay 1m tte = th og a Ab ym io c Tidal _microrfate = ¢ _ Accegihle mermsdats 9 + £60) ye Hop tpotale. macea= (Lil > Yq Probab bib,a : b _ ¢ _dah 4 Arie d. abe — — —} © (222) ab ed | z ac bd | a ad be b Shae | be ad eee eee bd ac = ca ab J | *2Pbbo (3,1) abc d } | : bed a 4 ee csc a) tec oe 2 abd ¢ J bh ApoB, (4,0) abcd Ss f Ate 4. ~ 7 Total _mBbornrbate = 16 a + Accemibh macht sfwi me ——, fa fe ; Ql What the raha — of —guthing 0. macieadrte._. in __ohech paodicfyt —tul—ap _qy—_parit'clta fn pln up oe vette z (eat) po Q | A__pyplem._of “goxbilt has only too allied Ae [A €a th pobabshity fb rar A TAD thot fox —ths — Mate gta Ub). what ta. te | ¢ < C & . : € Ql Gn pidre a0 Ayphm—of —too__paxticl, exhs baying -) " onl. thx guantin,__plale of entrgiee 0, & halt th : bl ¢ Cf—ponticlis _obsy (Mab plodeadics P gu B-€ Atabytres ~ . 7 @o___f-p - a im oes ca Tr (i & (a8)fe. Th proba bilety of Poding te porbel tn pam a a 7 is patel flog ‘he ponte o sAatesNels zg pate aaa Pane ne. i Micoslek de Maer oatate: =o _ 7 _ 3a 7 Ap. =e a Sig Ys > fe-¢2+ =o tH Ondinga tion! he syhelatin-ap-—-slanpe_no-_of pascal — wives paseflase =p hg lacergitate tt baal fi thenerepieet es : ROPES AC a [pe 7 £ Boyer 2 a “[Reteco FR. + a Pe = Ped fir claretud ‘ pas Kodo £ Page a ia é = =, 0A —tgeler, Bare —— eran gp ditt Ba yan ae : hens the exerted” tates ‘oly f four non. thérae ti Gosant ane placed in heen a |G EE = 56 be & bo 00 2- 200 — ~ ~ ~ — | _ | fhree micro 2104 _| Gnpider pyre of tao 1 —_lkahich May oceupy Qny of thre enurgy duselee Guz Né 2 Meaty [the (owes ¢__eners momenta nd ected bey as fhs—-ro>—af —_miciegres tf spot om_chunah pon tick boaone __formiaog.(FlzTe) ae e ; q GEE @) Classicad §r)__Bo son UO ermpons- No- of micro slate: = 16 4 a + Gi) fr — Boron a 4 ° é ve Tetatewrgy no of oaks L aa = a aa e = q - aa es faa a = a cas Sore le = a a io a a = a fa - - 1 a = — poe — — 1 Micro ate 26 diatethuded (n hannanzclgenacate—dintinet ensigy dived number of fA ~ @ Oo 4 ©.3 2. — _ 6 Ex: & & ae = é_t fp P | be > t od & J aa “* ue | SS aahToS ooo a =} Haboule |__titeroptate In phase ppace. 4k bbs > Tip f—digrn of free olen ! -. a hy = dip dlp Es Fey -abgapol Pag == dtp dap ar abo hk iy ~ iis wey anal [ae] = Volum of pinghe pl Wy = Yun gf. tingle Phase gel tm phaes oe!re Lrep Volure df momentum TPC) fee pantele Lyeaudd ap tez eh. = e if “momentum frase in tang _p {oo Ho brat b ~ b 5 + + fe_enst-yy. - : as al —T 7 - _ b= Some - _ : —-| * say YH — j i Ae Tp fax _tecond. Ma, teTy nel by conclition. _ - = _ Nt i. Vi hy nkng gop Ny Yi ype) (| : aft = 2s; = Nik In Yt te . TZ Nek Tt ee RVs + Bll oun, a”) oye : _ (ew fe Exbopy offer mtxing - thik Anffen myer) %) =(Niti in (4th) . . hz 7 J FNL dn [ fenm ee ye \S L + Lowe * pL}Mixing disep gar> Wreversibics Atoayh 7 Mivig qf dtp fampey samt hos | may be veveraiht or ir reversible fra{Paae No.» is] Entropy ef mixing aS = Entrapy offer mite ing En tropy hfe. mals tng AS = (NrtNr) h dn (ete) - Nik Ini Pak In Ve as = fly (Metta tm bt [wen ) ra Cy Ne Ny Net N3. YW y Vr+Vy, = Ag = Nik ty [MtNe og kD a) =4 £ No “fasdad: irveveralbhe = WLM) Rtn (MK) ne Unf Yt} Uatreny/ Un] “Nr fe, e) 4 2 Neb. Uol tie) ms btn Cg (3 calle Weim) a ips yo fas aes] Yeverarhhe process.Neon. fne|P2ge No. My Ar Gn H — _— } ee |bof peepee |mor — . Gmaldn a type gn otams__of- an _ideal pod 7 dypr A et _fempohow and ___valums V+ Jt ta fept in__diffugive contact with nother py dtdem of Lams ___of another tial _ga.A__oof type gat ii t —A9PH Grtbby —pamnordar | he Roma te ninprato OT, Vs One the combined Hh Ay 4 feen noch» —tn_—eputibrium © 1@—Trhs— tet _entxapy of thi fin. al _ayttom fA ____. damon the sum, amma of ‘dual : atecayer ——. 1) Ths entropy “of rag 7 a [D—Th__enteopy of ogi tng of final. ytteen it leae thon that of. __aum_af. initial —enctropiets of “foo _gasis [Ths —_enbopy af mining _fa_non= Ze. @hin fheatims __} [and 6 ama of Ye datne —type Lach — f- too jnlakd —vagsele md ay | peed lumsa-—__omtoms _w—moleculis of @ _pirfaot_| Imonottmic gaa _ at __prefttime _p the temprature of oue_—brought in or mmiact in thermad 9 abil Lb = 3Nk {tn ry. rl" C fi fT 7 _| . , _ | = 3 kf tn -%) + tn (0-71 | Tt | J op 8 ke te cae é u Tet, J _ + te hee Gee a ae a i ; 3 [ 48 = Syke tn (G+) > Tt aes — n (fn yolum |< have £ N: i io. SPS «, vftn {vr ) an fe \) : pot On) | J ty reverzibas “izing ee 4 abel dow it deffarnt + Spe fo__frreverArhte process, as { : aQl Gmaider a “drnean eel La eta’ 4 N_indlipendlact «| = Apin=¥,—pantitlsa each a. fixed — bocatier the entropy) “of thee pleats oS oo @ zero oe ai a AN fe a N fox —pired —tarectior———d - Cony oo = adn gM oe bai] —— + I the enixpy of 2 tao. d'mere tonal | pl.ct=n py Aqen Po E= Uk — phi —u_f4 the + alfyeite. and hk ls momentum then ths dsnaity + 4 fh DE) depends on _enuxy Eas py Ua — 0/4, —__0__4E. eB tlt for__ two _dbrmanytin - us indysendint # b 9 UGX) seer eee rea nc i. a 2 Es Ub pe ECB _ A__meno.atrmic crystallin —falid._ompriaey of | AL_-atoms out of Ohh % nobms gu itr} interstitial position - 99 fh. _avar'laht tdoratctint der au A hie pos ~y—posdihbe mitroblakere L fa _ \ rn - _ _ {==| T Flo Neslgagan. [Pen (Nn)! 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Hloate, ey reap a ler 7. ange Consiit gj_N_ pants, tna. svohums and a Sa Fe NkgT fn} tohsre a, ia const} Fo denotes the Boltzmann (anv oar. itonstt_The—inkeenal —ensrgy —f the gadis ‘| iter _Q Sky” © Meet Jn fay (ray 4 Fev e kt dn BT) —Camporang - Oren) = ue = 7 tn fe Cg? )% ue, oT = a v= 2dr [av (A WL oe op —_ [u- fone - be ala Ta €= - 6,0, t& rt in thermal quinine at temp ~ Lt p= (tor J + kof B@sy , fhe ___prohabrerty f-fircleng ts km jn Enola = vl @_(corh Pie eo aa. lz ERG OFHE pe << ty free ens egy _—_¢f i apustaapa fince Pout hon fan = tet * +.-% 1 Out )= fisexte*)™ — i fe = be T tn Cire" wx) & . as 7 ghee pe ST mar : a on ee S : 3 TH tn (rssh tt¥] _ = es es Te - aSMar no- of microstates ot Clana col sdedontiae Neon = (aN baeae no El Ql Consider 2___tytlem__of hoo non inderacting classical, portrelr -——ohach. an astny «amy of In egy : AG [2 exp fe} tn erp 26 \ : = Bre [+ er (~f of ereef 7) — aon vere (a “) ser p= tah ker, lee [2 cep (=e _) eterp fave \ VP ; 7 Fer tee | — \* cet (ey tor 7 a) oo é / en {= 6) ens Creltey 14 \ taerpf } eee, (ade Rot J aie Emit | eae er ping, portradis— Qinve rt veP” + gen VRE ¥’ Owd=_(tege FE tee FD —_ ees ee ee SpCo fee aya em O 2% Cre +x fz le 2 Cirx Iz Q@ 2°? (tex eprt 9 oi (x -£= (ng) Art (me te Le foo Erne rey < thoy. A ga Fat Gel ae2 aT FETE l Epo = fo. = Ex6 P= Prt 4h aac = ¢ phos = a fae pen = tka |b Vp eh Cea x tere) = _ . = at ee X 7 Qs MA~ -ayslen hoa toe ensegy —Levelaeoith enixgicn —— ve The? gn° CROP p= af pe Bl 4 9 thEeat tye eve @M aeeen FE Tepe PRE ee VRE Lt ee PE pe RET _ We et Ce AE vane dh a a_i r4 eo PE pe CBE @. &e |. FEST RE Peas rem te ee Moma nce a o i Gyn gt + pe od ei peso: t = te fr.[bate Fee tio. | HEI {Classical td tdeal_ Sut} tn enoira entem ble !- Now gn seme Pacers eae eee = 1 pf “ym db Gg abby’ ne “ Np RBC RPP ~ er hex 1 rpae fe if ae ome eee - bbe g nae er J” PoE Pee a? J vee ope Brdb smnedadg Cares !STE Fe = fe BEY de dba a Eo bT In(NIT = BR dn yr = kTLn-NI — NRPS kT Ln hdn (¥)Nee Rees fF Ee i El = NkTIn N- NET - CLEVE) =-INkT a x (N) 3 [by eo - : = ny (py ve M7 > Game] VW \onmer ] ; Cel pe Nk? Vv [rvs Nim. b= (2) CaN TY7 + - __ [oy = (20). 3 Nk = 4 are |aD er Tig - | eee 28 (2eter =a, [ (et i \ Ii. a f IP Sy —F fz a = aca taneleestaealdinors 1-D° oo ig . Ne 3 My = = Emo? =4f BGP Jmol eT) gdb a . = fey. -P AP h foe vm 2 Were A =-kTAn MGsekT dn ft WV (Gka] == NET In (Bko) A 2 NET Inf fw ) En for | g= =faa) alee Lo. Ay (orInv or fie} Hrs Sah [bP In hie 2 CPR KTS Se Mah bh dn fee oe _ He RT - Ba (ee) _ v= “2 in (uber) = At TS a _ U2 NAT An fis} PML eb TL Ae Ke) we| | Equipentthim "Vhearem!=— pean. _— thunal Sttociated tit, each _chegree_f freedor ts —|| fa____energy —_. Uy - ! ——— — Lor the __eenfistbutim ef each quad radi’ rer [ te Pine tol ___ayatem __porb'him fun = = -N‘Nelggen [Toate | bet ar | As wi tof 2 tinh ey f — _ a Ei b= -/9A) _ | Ler] my 7 ~~ aa gf WET dn [ani ey ee vRT Suk [ip 2 ok fi _ [oan / $e_) Be) Be Ce (eer) ‘ Fs ” (eink # t- J ——|- Sp ree : atNess. aT feat Page No Pe [Y= 2 Ni Coth. (Bie) N fF toe hes] fat os. 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P= QVve Vinh bs = | E err Be -we £2 2 2 Us +e _ _ oF ||pe —— : $= ne tu dn mh ~_Ne- ees — ae Me be wv pf He-v \ pale ae Cn ONT TdS= dur PolV= Mdht ~1 ® in? 23 IS 20" fo We 5) et se a = 1 fat} Nepatie Alpe. dng fo et —— ir Slay) 7 af 290° fo Com | 3U = | a ++ - RE cacceeces tAE)? cH = (i ec -au = bre fav) = kT’ ¢ op or] Br : Fie. af RR } “4 UN Cy etn. = fae agey peloae I] fe iF Rulative mean square fluxtuatatio, Eres cE. ge ao (Ne) eo (Nh), <6 ow) Ls Mean__aguox__flurtuatton in _enargy __o(N)____ |, [Reto tie inom aguas fluctuation in evsugy © (6) Ron t mean Muse floc tun fm tn easy o (2) i _\ J | Relative ee nate gaa Fhchingn $e omage | gn — eae ena ye ; nar - 4 QilWhets ta the - value .of relative. rot: mean Aqua fluctua bm ——for_Lrnean __haxmence oer dla tor fox (N= classical HeO-) -'. eniegy - ey (= NET) _ (Se) cco NK = - ae = erty ART INE _ mae NET __NE® : - [eee ee - 7 we TT _ Vadi'd for_clasatcal H.0- typ tem . - a _O| thal fp tha vote 4 velatrve ram bt “tdiad eo ee | mo leculss.ae ee | Cor counting men eat mominton-relabin shin 2= Bt” ci ype! ee bth mintum fa mealecule.” ns tn forth gad__it_gisen_ly= wr= 2 fonv [kt ]47) “ art G2} Or (Yit)= A ferPhe fs db | = ft fee ap Fa ah af i ah Pe dh : 4 =P = ae of =o Rilbod 3 i& = on "UF 2 ~ he Relativir te —Nenrelabinnte I . 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