[8/20, 9:20 AM] +91 98466 62147: If youve ever driven around with a hot cup of joe, youve

seen the
coffee slosh as you corner, accelerate, and brake. The 40-weight in the engines oil pan and the fluid in
the transmission do the same thing. But you can tilt your cup to prevent the coffee from spilling; a cars
roll, pitch, and squat actually affect the movement of internal fluids.

This phenomenon is the reason most racing cars have dry-sump lubrication systems. With this setup, oil
is stored in remote reservoirs that are not susceptible to sloshing, thereby ensuring that the oil pumps
never suck air. But how do manufacturers know that production lubrication systems work under all
conditions, especially as cars become faster and tires provide increasingly better grip?

The traditional approach has been to test cars on a high-speed handling course while monitoring the
behavior of the oiling systems. But this requires building a test mule, using skilled drivers, and traveling
the world in pursuit of appropriate weather conditions. About 10 years ago, manufacturers began
building laboratory test rigs that, by tilting the engine, could simulate the lateral and longitudinal
accelerations a car produces. You can see (and hearbe sure to turn up your speakers) one of Porsches
setups in action in the video below.

[8/20, 9:21 AM] +91 98466 62147: Tilt Shifting

GM also has a tilting transmission test rig. Its used primarily for automatics, as they have a fluid
reservoir thats similar to an engines oil pan. And unlike a manual transmission, an automatic depends
on a continuous flow of pressurized fluid to operate the various actuators that control its operation.

This tilting transmission stand has a 190-hp electric motor to drive the transmission and an electric
dynamometer to absorb its output. The transmission test cycles mirror the ones used on the engines,
but they have special tests, such as operating at minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit at a significant angle,
simulating what an off-road vehicle might experience on uneven terrain in an Alaskan winter.

These tilting engine and transmission test stands run essentially nonstop to speed the process of taking
new engines from the computer to the showroom. They ensure that modern cars survive our skidpad
test without the heartbreak of clattering valves from oil-starved lifters or smokescreens caused by oil
trapped atop the heads. Now, if only someone would do something about the heartbreak of coffee-
stained floor mats.

[8/20, 9:21 AM] +91 98466 62147: Can You Do the Cant Cant?

If we go back to our coffee cup, it takes acceleration of 1.0 g to tilt the surface of the coffee to a 45-
degree angle. If you cant a stationary engine 45 degrees, you get the same effect as if it were cornering
at 1.0 g. For these tests to be useful, the engine needs to be working hard, meaning the tilting platform
has to support the engine as well as a dynamometer capable of absorbing its output. Also required are
flexible connections to the test sensors and to the engines cooling, exhaust, and electrical systems.

General Motors has been using dynos like this for a while. The company has two that can tilt up to 53
degrees, simulating 1.3-g loading, with a maximum pivot rate of 40 degrees per second. Tilting-dyno
testing is helpful for engines destined for serious off-roading.

According to Steve Nash, the manager of GMs Powertrain Laboratory in Pontiac, Michigan, these tilting
dynos are programmed to simulate a variety of strenuous courses, with the engine revving to redline,
delivering full power, and experiencing the rpm migration associated with gearchanges.
The test stands can absorb up to 800 hp and accommodate engines designed for front- and rear-drive
applications. A complete test program, including cycles at varying temperatures, takes about two weeks
with the computer-controlled dyno running 24/7.

[8/20, 9:26 AM] +91 98466 62147: Understanding about Tilt Sensor, Types and Working with
Applications

by Tarun Agarwal at

ELECTRONICS

0 COMMENT

The Paris Air show is one of the biggest shows for airplane manufacturers. Some of the valiant pilots
perform amazing stunts to showcase the speed of their planes. These pilots use the power of the super-
fast machinery of their planes to make their stunts better for their support. A tilt sensor is one of the
critical parts of this computer assisted circuitry, and it is a type of transducer. This sensor helps in giving
information about the horizontal and vertical inclination of the airplanes so that the pilot of the plane
can easily understand the process of dealing with the obstacles during the flight.

Thus transducers play an important role in decision making for the pilots. Such types of sensors produce
an electrical signal which is proportional to the degree of inclination with respect to one or more axes.
These sensors play a very important role in several applications such as off road vehicles, portable
computers, robotics devices, aviation instruments, etc.

Tilt Sensor

A sensor is a device that responds to some type of the input from the environment such as heat, light,
motion, temperature, pressure and moisture. Sensors are used to switch currents and voltages. Every
sensor has three terminals: Vcc, GND and output. Vcc is used to power up the sensor; to provide a fixed
negative reference, ground is used, and the output of the sensor is analog. But in some sensors, there
may be more than one output terminals.

Block Diagram of Sensor

Types of Sensors

Sensors are classified into different types:

Light Detecting Sensor

Temperature Sensor

Gas Sensor

Humidity sensor

Ultrasonic Sensor

Motion Sensor

Force Sensor

Analog sensor

Digital sensor

Color Sensor

Distance Sensor

Proximity Sensor

Ultrasonic Sensor

Magnetic Sensor

Pressure Sensor

Infrared Sensor

Robot Sensor

Types of Sensors

Tilt sensors

Tilt sensors are devices that produce an electrical signal that varies with an angular movement. These
sensors are used to measure slope and tilt within a limited range of motion. Sometimes, the tilt sensors
are referred to as inclinometers because the sensors just generate a signal but inclinometers generate
both readout and a signal.

Tilt Sensor Working Principle

Tilt Sensor working

These sensors consist of a rolling ball with a conductive plate beneath them. When the sensor gets
power, the rolling ball falls to the bottom of the sensor to form an electrical connection. When the
sensor is tilted, the rolling ball doesnt fall to the bottom so that the current cannot flow the two end
terminals of the sensor.
Tilt Sensor Circuit

Required components for tilt sensor circuit

Tilt Sensor

470 Ohms Resistor

Led or Load

DC Voltage Source

A basic circuit that uses a tilt sensor is shown below.

Tilt Sensor Circuit

When the device gets power and is in its upright position, then the rolling ball settle at the bottom of
the sensor to form an electrical connection between the two end terminals of the sensor. Next the
circuit becomes short circuit and the LED gets sufficient current. If the circuit gets tilted so that the
rolling ball doesnt settle at the bottom of the sensor with the electrical conduction path, then the
circuit becomes open. This is about the circuit operation.

Tilt Sensor Types

These Sensors are classified into different types and the classification of these sensors includes different
devices and technologies to measure tilt, slope, elevation and inclination.

Force Balance Sensor

Force Balance Sensor

These sensors are gravity referenced sensors and are anticipated for DC acceleration measurements like
ships, vehicles, aircraft and seismic events. These sensors are frequently used in inclinometers and tilt
meters. Force balance sensors are capable of measuring levels from 0.0001g to 200g, and the frequency
range is from DC to 1000Hz. The advantages of these sensors include their high accuracy, a change in br