PERSONALITY
NURTURE
NATURE Income
Housing
Genetics
Nutrition
Education
Access to health
facilities
Parenting Styles
Play
Opportunities
Weather
APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY
THEORY
Historical Approaches
Psychoanalytic (Freud)
Humanistic (Maslow & Rogers)
Contemporary Approaches
Trait theory
Social-Cognitive theory
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
Trying to understand physical problems that made no
physical sense
Childhood experiences are important
Anxiety or social constraints prevent direct expression of
drives
Social restrictions influence our personality
Each stage of life presents us with issues we must
successfully resolve
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Denial: claiming/believing that what is true to be actually false.
Displacement: redirecting emotions to a substitute target.
Projection: attributing uncomfortable feelings to others.
Rationalization: generate self-justifying explanations to hide the
real reasons for our actions.
Reaction Formation: overacting in the opposite way to the fear.
Regression: going back to acting as a child.
Repression: pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the
subconscious. (underlies all other defense mechanisms)
Sublimation: redirecting 'wrong' urges into socially acceptable
actions.
THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Abraham
Maslows
Self-Actualizing
Person
Carl Rogers
Person-Centered
Perspective
Interaction of
Environment & Intellect
PERSONALITYASSESSMENT
APPROACHES
Niccol Machiavelli
(1469 1527)