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TRIGONOMETRY
In this chapter we intend to study an important branch of p 5p
mathematics called trigonometry. It is the science of measuring r1 = s and r2 = s
3 12
angle of triangles, side of triangles.
Angle : - p 5p
r1 = r2
B 3 12
4r1 = 5r 2 r1 : r2 = 5 : 4
Trigonometric ratios :
The most important task of trigonometry is to find the remaining
q
O A side and angle of a triangle when some of its side and angles are
Consider a ray OA if this ray rotate about its end point O and takes the given. This problem is solved by using some ratio of sides of a
position OB then we say that the angle AOB has been generated. triangle with respect to its acute angle. These ratio of acute angle
Measure of an angle : The measure of an angle is the amount of are called trigonometric ratio of angle. Let us now define various
rotation from initial side to the terminal side. trigonometric ratio.
Y
NOTE :
P
Relation between degree and radian measurement
p radians = 180 degree r
y
17
radian measure = degree measure
180 q
180 A x M X
degree measure = radian measure Consider an acute angle YAX = q with initial side AX and terminal

1 = 60 (60 minutes) side AY. Draw PM perpendicular from P on AX to get right angle
1 = 60 (60 seconds) triangle AMP. In right angle triangle AMP.
Base = AM = x
Example 1 :
Find radian measure of 270. Perpendicular = PM = y and
Solution : Hypotenuse = AP = r.
r2 = x2 + y2
p 3p
Radian meausre = 270 = r = x2 + y 2
180 2
Example 2 : We define the following six trigonometric Ratios:
5p
Find degree measure of . Perpendicular y
9 sin q = =
Solution : Hypotenuse r
180 5p Base x
degree measure = = 100 cos q = =
p 9 Hypotenuse r
Example 3 :
If the arcs of same length in two circles subtend angles of Perpendicular y
60 and 75 at their centres. Find the ratio of their radii. tan q = =
Solution : Base x
c c
p p Hypotenuse r
60 = 60 = and cosec q = =
180 3 Perpendicular y
c c
p 5p Hypotenuse r
75 = 75 = sec q = =
180 12 Base x

p s 5p s s
c Base x
= and = Q q = cot q = =
\ 3 r1 12 r2 r Perpendicular y

2
Important formula:-
1. sin2q + cos2 q = 1 2. cosec2q cot2 q = 1 3. sec2q + tan2 q = 1
4.
q
0 30 45 60 90
T-ratio

sin q 0 1 1 3 1
2 2 2

3 1 1
cos q 1 0
2 2 2

1 Not
tan q 0 1 3
3 defined

Not 2
cosec q 2 2 1
defined 3

2 Not
sec q 1 2 2
defined
3

Not 1
cot q 3 1 0
defined
3

5. sin (90 q) = cos q . 6. cos (90 q) = sin q. 7. tan (90 q) = cot q cot (90 q) = tan q.
8. cosec (90 q) = sec q. 9. sec (90 q) = cosec q.

RELATION AMONG T-RATIONS

sin q cos q tan q cot q sec q cosec q

tan q 1 sec 2 q - 1 1
sin q sin q 1 - cos 2 q 2 2 cosec
1 + tan q 1 + cot q sec q

1
1 cot q 1
cos q cos q cosec 2 -1
1 - sin 2 q 1 + tan q 2
1 + cot q 2
sec q cosec

sin q 1 - cos 2 q 1 1
tan q tan q sec 2 q - 1
1 - sin q 2
cos q cot q cosec 2q - 1

1 - sin 2 q cos q 1 1
cot q cot q cosec2 1
sin q 1 - cos q 2
tan q sec 2 q - 1

1 1 1 + cot 2 q cosec
sec q 1 - tan 2 q sec q
1 - sin q 2
cos q cot q cosec 2 1

1 1 1 + tan 2 q sec q
cosec q 1 + cot 2 q cosec q
sin q 1 - cos q 2
tan q sec 2 q - 1
 3
Example 4 : Now
In a D ABC right angled at B if AB = 12, and BC = 5 find BC 4 5
sin A and tan A, cos C and cot C sin C = = , cosec C =
AC 5 4
Solution :
3 AB 5
C cos C = = , sec C =
5 AC 3
13 AB 4 3
5 tan C = = , cot C = .
AC 3 4
Example 6 :
B 12 A Find the value of 2 sin2 30 tan 60 3cos2 60 sec2 30
Solution :
AC = (AB) 2 + (BC) 2 2 2 2
1 1 2
2 3 - 3
2 2 2
2 3
= 12 + 5
= 144 + 25 1 1 4 3 3 -2
= 2 3 - 3 = -1 =
4 4 3 2 2
= 169 = 13 Example 7 :
When we consider t-ratios of A we have
Base AB = 12 Find the value q, 2 sin 2 q = 3
Perpendicular = BC = 5 Solution :
Hypotenuse = AC = 13
3
Perpendicular 5 sin 2q =
sin A = = 2
Hypotenuse 13 2q = 60
q = 30
Perpendicular 5
tan A = = Example 8 :
Base 12
Find the value of x.
When we consider t-ratios of C, we have tan 3x = sin 45 cos 45 + sin 30
Base = BC = 5
Solution :
Perpendicular = AB = 12
Hypotenuse = AC = 13 1 1 1
tan 3x = +
2 2 2
Base 5
cos C = = 1 1
Hypotenuse 13 = + =1
2 2
Base 5 tan 3x = 1 tan 3x = tan 45
cot C = =
Perpendicular 12 3x = 45
Example 5 : x = 15
3 Example 9 :
In a right triangle ABC right angle at B if sin A = find all If q is an acute angle tan q + cot q = 2 find the value of tan 7
5
the six trigonometric ratios of C q + cot7 q.
Solution : Solution :
tan q + cos q = 2
Perpendicular 3
sin A = = 1
Hypotenuse 5 tan q + =2
tan q
C tan2 q + 1 = 2 tan q
tan2 q 2 tan q + 1 = 0
5 (tan q 1)2 = 0
3 tan q = 1
q = 45
4 A Now, tan7 q + cot7 q.
B
= tan7 45 + cot7 45
=1+ 1=2
Base = ( Hypotenuse )2 ( Perpendicualr )2 Example 10 :

= 52 - 32 cos37
Find the value of
sin53
= 25 - 9 = 16 = 4
4
Solution : Solution :
We have We have
cos 37 cos(90 - 53) sin 53 1 1 1 - sin q + 1 + sin q
= = =1 + =
sin 53 sin 53 sin 53 1 + sin q 1 - sin q (1 + sin q ) (1 - sin q )
Example 11 : 2 2
= 2
= 2
= 2sec 2 q.
Find the value of 1 - sin q cos q
sin 36 sin 54
- Example 16 :
cos 54 cos 36
Solution : 1 - sin q
We have Find the value of
1 + sin q
sin 36 sin 54 Solution :
= -
cos 54 cos 36
1 - sin q
=
(1 - sin q)(1 - sin q)
sin(90 - 54) sin(90 - 36)
= - 1 + sin q (1 + sin q) (1 - sin q)
cos 54 cos 36
cos 54 cos 36
= - (1 - sin q)2
cos 54 cos 36 =
1 - sin 2 q
=11=0
1 - sin q 1 sin q
Example 12 : = = - = sec q tan q.
cos q cos q cos q
Evaluate the cot 12 cot 38 cot 52 cot 60 cot 78
Solution : Example 17 :
We have Find the value of [(1 + cot q) cosec q] [1 + tan q + sec q]
cot 12 cot 38 cot 52 cot 60 cot 78 Solution :
= (cot 12 cot 78) (cot 38 cot 52) cot 60 (1 + cot q cosec q) (1 + tan q + sec q)
= [cot12 cot (90 12)] [cot 38 cot (90 38)] cot 60 cos q 1 sin q 1
= [cot 12 tan 12] [cot 38 tan 38] cot 60 = 1 + - 1 + +
sin q sin q cos q cos q
1 1
= 11 = sin q + cos q - 1 cos q + sin q + 1
3 3 =
sin q cos q
Example 13 :
If tan 2q = cot (q + 6), where 2q and q + 6 are acute angles
find the value of q.
( sin q + cos q)2 - 1
=
Solution : sin q cos q
We have
tan 2q = cot (q + 6) sin 2 q + cos 2 q + 2sin q cos q - 1
=
cot (90 2q) = cot (q + 6) sin q cos q
90 2 q = q + 6
3q = 84 1 + 2sin q cos q - 1 2 sin q cos q
= = =2
q = 28 sin q cos q sin q cos q
Example 18 :
Example 14 :
3
Find the value of (1 sin 2q) sec2 q. If sin q = , find the value of sin q cos q.
Solution : 5
We have, Solution :
(1 sin2 q) (sec2 q) 3
= cos2 q sec2 q sin q =
5
1
= cos2 q cos q = 1 - sin 2 q
cos 2 q
=1 2
3 4
= 1- =
Example 15 : 5 5

1 1 3 4 12
+ find its value sin q cos q = =
1 + sin q 1 - sin q 5 5 25
 5
Example 19 : them easily, we can determine these by using trigonometric ratios.
2 sec q Line of Sight
1 .
If cos q = , find the value if The line of sight or the line of vision is a straight line from our eye
2 1 + tan 2 q
to the object we are viewing.
Solution :
If the object is above the horizontal from the eye, we have to lift
1 up our head to view the object. In this process, our eye move
cos q =
2 through an angle. This angle is called the angle of elevation of
sec q = 2 the object.
2sec q 2sec q 2 2
= = = =1
2
1 + tan q sec q2 sec q 2

Example 20 :
12 1 + sin q
If tan q = , find the value of
5 1 - sin q
Solution : q
12
tan q = Eye
5 Angle of elevation

sec q = 1 + tan 2 q If the object is below the horizontal from the eye, then we have to
turn our head downwards to view the object. In this process, our
2 eye move through an angle. This angle is called the angle of
12 13
= 1+ = depression of the object.
5 5

5
cos q = Angle of depression
13
Eye q
12 2
sin q = 1 - cos q = Li
13 ne
of
sig
12 25 ht
1+
1 + sin q 13 = 13 = 25
thus =
1 - sin q 12 1
1-
13 13
Example 21 :
a Ball
If sin q = 0 < q < 90 find the value of
a2 + b2
tan q. Example 22 :
Solution : A person observed the angle of elevation of the top of a
tower is 30. He walked 40 m towards the foot of the tower
a along level ground and found the angle of elevation of the
sin q =
top of the tower as 60 Find the height of tower.
a + b2
2
Solution :
cos q = 1 - sin 2 q Let height of tower AB = x m and BC = y m, DC = 40 m.
In DABC,
a2 b2 b
cos q = 1 - = = A
2 2 2 2
a +b a +b a + b2
2

a
sin q a + b2 = a
2 x
tan q = =
cos q b b
a 2 + b2 30 60
D 40m C y B
HEIGHT AND DISTANCE
Sometimes, we have to find the height of a tower, building, tree,
distance of a ship, width of a river, etc. Though we cannot measure
6

AB x x y+x
= tan 60 = 3 y = ....(i) In D AOB, = cot 30
BC y 3 100

AB y + x = 100 3 y = 100 3 - x
Now In rt D ABD, = tan 30
BD
y = 100 3 - 100 [using (i)]
x 1
= y = 100( 3 - 1)
40 + y 3
y = 100(1.732 - 1) = 100 0.732 = 73.20 m.
x
3x = 40 + y 3x = 40 + [using (i)] Example 24 :
3 A 25 m long ladder is placed against a vertical wall of a
building. The foot of the ladder is 7 m from the base of the
3x = 40 3 + x 3x - x = 40 3 2x = 40 3 building. If the top of the ladder slips 4 m, then the foot of
the ladder will slide by how much distance.
x = 20 3m
Solution :
Example 23 : Let the height of the wall be h.
As observed from top of a light house 100 m. high above
sea level, the angle of depression of a ship sailing directly P
toward it changes from 30 to 45. The distance travelled by
the ship during the period of observation is 4
Solution :
Let y be the required distance between two positions O 25
h
and C of the ship
In rt. DABC,
R
A Top Q 7 x S
30
45
Now, h = 252 72
Light house
100 m = 576 = 24m

30 QS = 625 400
45
O y C x B = 225 = 15m
Required distance, x = (15 7) = 8 m
x
cot 45 = x = 100 (i)
100
 7

1. If tan q = 1, then find the value of

1 cosec 2 q - sec 2 q
8sin q + 5sin q 10. If tan q = , then =?
3 3 7 cosec2 q + sec2 q
sin q - 2 cos q + 7 cos q
5 3
1 (a) (b)
(a) 2 (b) 2 7 7
2
1 3
4 (c) (d)
(c) 3 (d) 12 4
5
2. If q be a positive acute angle satisfying cos2 q + cos4 q = 1, 2sin a
then the value of tan2 q + tan4 q is 11. If y = then 1 - cos a + sin a is equal to
1 + cos a + sin a 1 + sin a
3 (a) 1/y (b) y
(a) (b) 1
2 (c) 1 y (d) 1 + y
1 12. A person, standing on the bank of a river, observes that the
(c) (d) 0 angle subtended by a tree on the opposite bank is 60; when
2 he retreates 20m from the bank, he finds the angle to be 30.
3. The value of tan4. tan43. tan47. tan86 is The height of the tree and the breadth of the river are
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) 10 3 m, 10 m (b) 10 ; 10 3 m
1
(c) 3 (d) (c) 20 m, 30 m (d) None of these
3
8
4. If tan 15 = 2 - 3 , the value of tan 15. cot 75 + tan 75 . 13. If q is an acute angle such that tan 2 q = , then the value of
7
cot 15 is.
(a) 14 (b) 12 (1 + sin q )(1 - sin q ) is
(c) 10 (d) 8 (1 + cos q )(1 - cos q)
5. The value of (sin 2 1 + sin 2 3 + sin 2 5 + .......+
sin 2 85 + sin 2 87 + sin 2 89) 7 8
(a) (b)
1 8 7
(a) 21 (b) 22
2 7 64
(c) (d)
1 1 4 49
(c) 22 (d) 23
2 2 14. If 3 cos q = 5 sin q, then the value of
7 5sin q - 2 sec3 q + 2 cos q
6. If sin q cos q = and 0 < q < 90, then the value of sin q is equal to
13 5sin q + 2sec3 q - 2 cos q
+ cos q is.
271 376
17 13 (a) (b)
(a) (b) 979 2937
13 17
542
1 1 (c) (d) None of these
(c) (d) 2937
13 17
7. The minimum value of cos 2q + cos q for real values of q is 15. If x sin 3 q + y cos 3 q = sin q cos q an d x sin q = y cos q ,
(a) 9/8 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) None of these then x 2 + y 2 =
5sin q - 4 cos q (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) None
8. If 5 tan q 4 = 0, then the value of =? 16. If 1 + sin2 A = 3 sin A cos A, then what are the possible
5sin q + 4 cos q
values of tan A?
5 5 (a) 1/4, 2 (b) 1/6, 3
(a) (b) (c) 1/2, 1 (d) 1/8, 4
3 6
1 cos3 20 - cos3 70
(c) 0 (d) 17. The value of is
6 sin 3 70 - sin 3 20
9. The value of tan 6 20 33 tan4 20 + 27 tan 2 20 is :
(a) 2 (b) 3 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) 4 (d) 5 2 2
8

x cosec2 30. sec2 45 tan q tan q

18. If = tan2 60 tan2 30, then x = ? 28. + is equal to
8 cos 2 45 . sin 2 60 sec q - 1 sec q + 1
(a) 2 tan q (b) 2 sec q
(a) 1 (b) 1
(c) 2 cosec q (d) 2 tan q . sec q.
(c) 2 (d) 0
29. If a cos q + b sin q = m and a sin q b cos q = n, then
p a2 + b2 =
19. If q + f = , what is the value of ( 3 + tan q)
(a) m2 n2 (b) m2 n2
6
2
(c) n m 2 (d) m2 + n2
( 3 + tan f) ? 30. The angular elevation of a tower CD at a place A due south
(a) 1 (b) 1 of it is 60 ; and at a place B due west of A, the elevation is
(c) 4 (d) 4 30. If AB = 3 km, the height of the tower is
20. If q is an acute angle such that sec2 q = 3, then (a) 2 3 km (b) 3 6 km
2 2
tan q - cosec q
is 3 3 3 6
tan 2 q + cosec 2 q (c) km (d) km
2 4
4 3 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2a + b
7 7 7 7 31. If sin a + cos b = 2 (0< b < a < 90), then sin =
3
21. What should be the height of a flag where a 20 feet long
ladder reaches 20 feet below the flag (The angle of elevation a a
of the top of the flag at the foot of the ladder is 60)? (a) sin (b) cos
2 3
(a) 20 feet (b) 30 feet
a 2a
(c) 40 feet (d) 20 2 feet (c) sin (d) cos
3 3
22. If q & 2q 45 are acute angles such that sin q = cos (2q 45)
then tan q is equal to 2
(a) 1 (b) 1 32. If cos4 q sin4 q = , then the value of 2 cos2q 1 is
3
1 (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 2 3
3
(c) (d)
23. If 5q & 4q are acute angles satisfying sin 5q = cos 4q then 2 3 2
sin 3q 3 tan 3q = ? 33. If sin a sec (30 + a) = 1 (0 < a < 60), then the value of
sin a + cos 2a is
(a) 1 (b) 0
1 2+ 3
(c) 1 (d) (a) 1 (b)
3 2 3
24. A vertical pole with height more than 100 m consists of two (c) 0 (d) 2
parts, the lower being one-third of the whole. At a point on 34. The minimum value of 2 sin 2 q + 3 cos2 q is
a horizontal plane through the foot and 40 m from it, the (a) 0 (b) 3
1 (c) 2 (d) 1
upper part subtends an angle whose tangent is . What is
2 1
the height of the pole ? 35. If cosec 39 = x, the value of + sin2 39+ tan2 51
cosec 2 51
(a) 110 m (b) 200 m
(c) 120 m (d) 150 m 1
- is
25. If sec q + tan q = x, then sec q = ? sin 51 sec 2 39
2

x2 + 1 x2 + 1 (a) (b)
(a) (b) x2 - 1 1 - x2
x 2x 2
(c) x 1 (d) 1 x2
36. If A = sin q + cos q, for any value of q, then the value of A is
2 4
x2 - 1 x2 - 1
(c) (d) 3
2x x (a) 1 < A < 2 (b) <A< 2
26. The correct value of the parameter t of the identity 4
2( sin6x + cos6x) + t (sin4x + cos4x) = 1 is: 13 3 13
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) <A<1 (d) <A<
16 4 16
(c) 2 (d) 3
37. If tan 2q, tan 4q = 1, then the value of tan 3q is
27. If a cos q b sin q = c, then a cos q + b sin q = ?
(a) 3 (b) 0
(a) a 2 + b2 + c 2 (b) a 2 + b 2 - c2
1
(c) 2 2 2 (d) None of these (c) 1 (d)
c - a -b 3
 9
2 48. If sec q + tan q = 3 , then the positive value of sinq is
38. If tan (q1 + q2) = 3 and sec (q1 q2) =
3
, then the value
1
of sin 2q1 + tan 3q2 is equal to (assume that 0 < q1 q2 < q1 (a) 0 (b)
2
+ q2 < 90)
(a) 0 (b) 3 3
(c) (d) 1
(c) 1 (d) 2 2
1 49. The radian measure of 631451 is
39. If sec q = x + (0 < q < 90), then sec q + tan q is equal to
4x c c
2811p 3811p
x (a) (b)
(a) (b) 2x 8000 8000
2
c c
4811p 5811p
1 (c) (d)
(c) x (d) 8000 8000
2x
40. If x = a secq cos f, y = b secq sin f, z = c tan q, then, the cos 4 a sin 4 a cos 4 b sin 4 b
2 2 2
50. If + = 1 , then the value of +
x
+
y
-
z cos 2 b sin 2 b cos 2 a sin 2 a
value of 2 2 2 is :
a b c is
(a) 1 (b) 4
1
(c) 9 (d) 0 (a) 4 (b) 0 (c) (d) 1
8
sec q + tan q 5
41. If = , then sin q is equal to : sin q - cos q + 1 p
sec q - tan q 3 51. where q is equal to
sin q + cos q - 1 2
1 1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 + sin q 1 - sin q
4 3 3 4 (a) (b)
cos q cos q
p
42. If 0 q and sec 2 q + tan 2 q = 7 , then q is 1 - cos q 1 + cos q
2 (c) (d)
sin q sin q
5p p
(a) radian (b) radian 52. The angles of elevation of the top of a tower standing on a
12 3 horizontal plane from two points on a line passing through
p p the foot of the tower at a distance 9 ft and 16 ft respectively
(c) radian (d) radian are complementary angles. Then the height of the tower is
5 6
(a) 9 ft (b) 12 ft
43. The simplest value of (c) 16 ft (d) 144 ft
sin2x + 2 tan2x 2 sec2 x + cos2 x is 53. If sin2a = cos3a, then the value of (cot6a cot2a) is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
44. A kite is flying at a height of 50 metre. If the length of string 54. The simplified value of
is 100 metre then the inclination of string to the horizontal (1 + tanq + secq) (1 + cotq cosecq) is
ground in degree measure is (a) 2 (b) 2
(a) 90 (b) 60 (c) 1 (d) 1
(c) 45 (d) 30
sin 53 cot 65
45. From the top of a light-house at a height 20 metres above 55. The value of is
sea-level, the angle of depression of a ship is 30. The cos 37 tan 25
distance of the ship from the foot of the light-house is (a) 2 (b) l
(c) 3 (d) 0
(a) 20 m (b) 20 3 m
cos 60 + sin 60
(c) 30 m (d) 30 3 m 56. The value of is
cos 60 sin 60
a2 b2 (a) 1 (b) 3 +2
46. If x = a sin q and y = b tanq then prove that - is
2 2
x y (c) (2 + 3 ) (d) 3 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 57. The value of
(c) 3 (d) 4
cot 5.cot10.cot15.cot 60.cot 75.cot 80.cot 85
47. If 2y cosq = x sinq and 2x secq y cosecq = 3, then the is
relation between x and y is (cos 2 20 + cos2 70) + 2
(a) 2x2 + y2 = 2 (b) x2 + 4y2 = 4
9 1 1 3
(c) x2 + 4y2 = 1 (d) 4x2 + y2 = 4 (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 9 3 9
10
58. In a triangle, the angles are in the ratio 2 : 5 : 3. What is the x
value of the least angle in the radian ? 64. If sin 17 = , then sec 17 sin 73 is equal to
y
p p
(a) (b)
20 10 y y2
2p p (a) (b) x y2 - x 2
(c) (d) y2 - x 2
5 5
59. If x = a cos q b sin q, y = b cos q + a sin q, then find the
x x2
value of x2 + y2.
(a) a2 (b) b2 (c) y y2 - x 2 (d) y y2 - x 2


a2
(c) 2
(d) a2 + b2 65. If q is a positive acute angle and cosec q + cot q = 3 , then
b
the value of cosec q is
60. If tan a + cot a = 2, then the value of tan 7a + cot7a is
(a) 2 (b) 16 1
(c) 64 (d) 128 (a) (b) 3
3
61. From 125 metre high towers, the angle of depression of a
car is 45. Then how far the car is from the tower ? 2
(a) 125 metre (b) 60 metre (c) (d) 1
3
(c) 75 metre (d) 95 metre
66. If cos a + sec a = 3 , then the value of cos3 a + sec3 a is
cos3 q + sin3 q cos3 q - sin 3 q (a) 2 (b) 1
62. The value of + is equal to
cos q + sin q cos q - sin q (c) 0 (d) 4
(a) 1 (b) 1 67. If sin q + cos q = 2 cos q, then the value of cot q is
(c) 2 (d) 0
63. The shadow of a tower standing on a level plane is found to (a) 2 +1 (b) 2 -1
be 30 m longer when the Sun's altitude changes from 60 to (c) 3 -1 (d) 3 +1
45. The height of the tower is 68. The value of sin21 + sin22 + sin23 + .... + sin289 is
(a) (
15 3 + 3 m ) (b) 15 ( 3 + 1) m (a) 22 (b) 44
1 1
(c) 15 ( 3 - 1) m (d) 15 ( 3 - 3 ) m (c) 22 (d) 44
2 2

ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 11 (b) 21 (b) 31 (b) 41 (a) 51 (a) 61 (a)
2 (b) 12 (a) 22 (a) 32 (c) 42 (b) 52 (b) 62 (c)
3 (b) 13 (a) 23 (b) 33 (a) 43 (c) 53 (a) 63 (a)
4 (a) 14 (a) 24 (c) 34 (b) 44 (d) 54 (b) 64 (d)
5 (c) 15 (a) 25 (b) 35 (c) 45 (b) 55 (b) 65 (c)
6 (a) 16 (c) 26 (d) 36 (b) 46 (a) 56 (c) 66 (c)
7 (a) 17 (c) 27 (b) 37 (c) 47 (b) 57 (d) 67 (a)
8 (c) 18 (a) 28 (c) 38 (d) 48 (b) 58 (d) 68 (d)
9 (b) 19 (c) 29 (d) 39 (b) 49 (a) 59 (d)
10 (d) 20 (d) 30 (d) 40 (a) 50 (d) 60 (a)
 11

HINTS & EXPLANATIONS

1. (a) tan q = 1 2
1
2 2+ 3
= (2 - 3) +
sec q = 1 + tan 2 q
2 - 3 2 + 3
= 1+1 2
2+ 3
2
= 2 = (2 - 3) +
4-3
1
cos q = = (2 - 3)2 + (2 + 3) 2
2
= 2 2 + ( 3) [Q (a + b)2 + (a b)2 = 2 (a2 + b2)]
2 2
sin q = 1 - cos2 q
2 = 2 ( 4 + 3) = 2 7 = 14
1 1 5. (c) To find total number of terms
= 1- =
2 2 First term = 1, last term = 89, common diff = 2.
8sin q + 5 sin q an = a1 + (n 1)d
Now, 89 = 1 + (n 1)2
sin 3 q - 2 cos 3 q + 7 cos q
88 = (n 1)2
1 1 n 1 = 44
8 + 5 45 terms.
2 2
= 3 3 Now, sin 2 1 + sin2 3 + sin2 5+.......... + sin2 85
1 1 1 + sin2 87 + sin 2 89
- 2 + 7
2 2 2 = (sin 1 + sin 89) + (sin 3 + sin2 87) + ..... 22 terms
2 2 2
+ sin2 45
8+5 (8 + 5) 2 2 2 2
= (sin 1 + cos 1) + (sin 3 + cos 3) + ..... 22 terms
2 2 13 2
= = = =2 1
2
1 2 7 1 - 2 + 14 13
- + +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2. (b) Given, cos2 q + cos4 q = 1 1
= (1 + 1 + ........... 22 terms) +
or, cos4q = 1 cos2 q [Q sin2 q + cos2 q = 1] 2
4 2
cos q = sin q. 1 1
2
= 22 + = 22
sin q 1 2 2
or, 1 = . 6. (a) (sin q + cos q)2 + (sin q cos q)2
cos q cos 2 q
2
2 2 = (sin2 q + cos2 q) + 2 sin q . cos q + (sin2 q + cos2 q)
tan q. sec q =1
2 sin q . cos q.
or, tan 2 q. (1 + tan 2q) = 1 [Q sec2q tan2 q =1]
=1+ 1=2
or, tan 2 q + tan 4 q = 1 So, (sin q + cos q)2 + (sin q cos q)2 = 2
2
3. (b) tan4. tan 43. tan 47. tan 86 7
= tan 4 . tan 43 . tan (90 43) tan (90 4) or, (sin q + cos q)2 + = 2
13
= tan 4 . tan 43. cot 43 cot 4 [Q tan (90 q) = cot q]
49 289
1 1 1 or, (sin q cos q)2 = 2 =
= tan 4 tan 43 Q cot q = 169 169
tan 43 tan 4 tan q
=1 2
17 17
4. (a) tan 15 . cot 75 + tan 75 . cot 15 sin q + cos q = = .
= tan 15 . cot (90 15) + tan (90 15) cot 15 13 13
= tan 15 . tan 15 + cot 15 . cot 15
= (tan 15)2 + (cot 15)2 7. (a) Let S = cos 2q + cos q = 2 cos 2 q - 1 + cos q

1 2 1 1 1
= (tan 15)2 + = -1 + 2 cos q + cos q + -
2 16 8
( tan15 ) 2

2
Putting the value of tan 15 = 2 - 3 9 1 9
= - + 2 cos q + -
2 8 4 8
1 2
= (2 - 3) + So, the minimum value S = 9/8
2- 3
12
8. (c) Given, 5 tan q 4 = 0
2sin a (1 + sin a ) 2 sin a
4 = (1 + sin a ) (1 + cos a + sin a ) = =y
tan q = 1 + cos a + sin a
5
12. (a) From right angled Ds ABC and DBC,
( 5sin q - 4 cos q) we have C
cos q 5 tan q - 4 BC BC
Expression, = tan 60 = and tan 30 =
( 5sin q + 4 cos q ) 5 tan q + 4 AB DB
cos q
h
3= h
4 x
5 - 4
5 1 h
=
4 and =
5 + 4 3 x + 20 30
60
5
D A B
h=x 3 20 m x
4-4 0
= = =0
4+4 8 x + 20
and h =
3
3 tan 20 - tan 3 20
9. (b) 3 = tan 60 = tan(3 20) =
1 - 3 tan 2 20 x + 20
x 3= 3x = x + 20 x = 10 m
3
9t 2 + t 6 - 6t 4
Squaring, 3 = , tan 20 = t Putting x = 10 in h = 3 x, we get h = 10 3
1 + 9t 4 - 6t 2
Hence, height of the tree = 10 3 m and the breadth of
t 6 - 33t 4 + 27t 2 = 3
the river = 10 m.
tan 6 20 - 33 tan 4 20 + 27 tan 2 20 = 3 (1 + sin q )(1 - sin q ) 1 - sin 2 q
13. (a) =
1 (1 + cos q )(1 - cos q ) 1 - cos 2 q
10. (d) Given, tan q =
7 cos 2 q 1 1 7
= 2 = = = .
2 sin q tan q 2 8 8
2 1 8 7
sec q = 1 + tan q = 1 + =
7 7 3
14. (a) Given, 3 cos q = 5 sin q tan q = .
5
8
sec q 2
7 = 8 3 25 + 9 34
cosec q = tan q =
2
sec q = 1 + tan q = 1 + = = .
1 5 25 5
7 In expression, dividing the numerator & denominator
by cos q,
2
8
( 8)
2
- 5 tan q - 2 sec4 q + 2
2 2 =
\
cosec q - sec q
= 7 5 tan q + 2 sec 4 q - 2
2 2 2
cosec q + sec q 8
( 8)
2
+ 34
4
3
7 5 - 2 + 2
5 5
= 4
8 8 1 - 1 6 3 34
8- 5 + 2 - 2
7 = 7 = 7 6 3
= 8 = = 5 5
1 8 8 4
8+ 8 1 +
7 7 7 1156
3- 2 + 2 5 - 2312
1 - cos a + sin a 1 - cos a + sin a 1 + cos a + sin a 625 625
11. (b) = . = 1156 =
3+ 2 - 2 1+ 2312
1 + sin a 1 + sin a 1 + cos a + sin a 625 625
(1 + sin a)2 - cos 2 a 813 271
= = =
(1 + sin a) (1 + cos a + sin a) 2937 979
(1 + sin 2 a + 2sin a ) - (1 - sin 2 a ) 15. (a) We have, x sin 3 q + y cos 3 q = sin q cos q ....(i)
=
(1 + sin a ) (1 + cos a + sin a ) and x sin q = y cos q ...(ii)
 13
Equation (i) may be written as
3 tan q + 3 tan f = 1 - tan q tan f ...(1)
2 3
x sin q. sin q + y cos q = sin q cos q
( 3 + tan q) ( 3 + tan f)
y cos q sin 2 q + y cos 3 q = sin q cos q
= 3 + 3 tan q + 3 tan f + tan q tan f
y cos q(sin 2 q + cos 2 q) = sin q cos q = 3 + 1 tan q tan f + tan q tan f = 4
y cos q = sin q cos q 20. (d) sec2 q = 3 sec q = 3
\ y = sin q ...(iii) tan2 q = sec2 q 1 = 3 1 = 2
Putting the value of y from (iii) in (ii), we get sec 2 q 3
...(iv) cosec2 q = =
x sin q = sin q. cos q x = cos q tan q2 2
Squaring (iii) and (iv), and adding , we get
3
x 2 + y 2 = cos 2 q + sin 2 q = 1 2-
tan 2 q - cosec2 q 2
Now, =
16. (c) In the given equation, tan 2 q + cosec2 q 2 + 3
1 + sin2 A = 3 sin A cos A 2
Dividing both sides by cos2A,
1
1 sin 2 A
sin A
We get + = 3. 2 =1
2 2
cos A cos A cos A =
7 7
sec 2 A + tan 2 A = 3 tan A 2
21. (b) In DABD, D
1 + tan 2 A + tan 2 A = 3 tan A
BD
tan 60 =
2 tan 2 A - 3 tan A + 1 = 0 AB 20
2 tan2 A 2 tan A tan A + 1= 0
h
2 tan A (tan A 1) 1(tan A 1) = 0 3= h
AB C
(2tan A 1) (tan A 1) = 0
h 20
1 AB =
tan A = ,1 3
2 60
17. (c) cos 20 = cos(90 70) = sin 70 A B
h
cos 70 = sin 20 AB = 3
3
cos3 20 - cos3 70 sin3 70 - sin 3 20 Now, in DABC
\ = =1 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
sin 3 70 - sin3 20 sin3 70 - sin 3 20
2
h
2 20 2 = + (h - 20) 2
3
2 2
x 2 .( 2) 1
18. (a) = ( 3)2 -
2
2
1 3 3 h2 + 3h2 120h = 0
8
2 2 4h2 120h = 0
h (h 30) = 0
8x 9 - 1 h = 0 or 30
x 4 2 1
or, = 3- = h = 0 not possible
1 3 3 3 3
8 h = 30 ft
2 4 22. (a) sin q = cos ( 2q 45)
8 8 or, cos (90 q) = cos (2q 45)
or, x= 90 q = 2q 45
3 3
q = 45
x =1 \ tan q = tan 45 = 1
23. (b) Given, sin 5q = cos 4q = sin (90 4q)
p 5q = 90 4q
19. (c) Given that q + f =
6 q = 10
p 2 sin 3q 3 tan 3q
tan (q + f) = tan
6
= 2 sin 30 3 tan 30
tan q + tan f 1
= 1 1
1 - tan q tan f 3 =2 3 = 1 1 = 0.
2 3
14
24. (c) Let h be the height of pole, upper portion CD subtend 2 6 sin 2x cos2x + t 2t sin2x cos2x = 1
angle q at A. = t (1 2 sin 2x cos2x) = 3 (1 2 sin 2x cos2x)
1 t = 3.
Then, tan q = 27. (b) (a cos q b sin q)2 + (a cos q + b sin q)2
2 = a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q 2ab sin q cos q + a2
Let lower part BC subtend angle f at A then cos2 q + b2 sin2 q + 2ab cos q. sin q.
In D ABC, = a (cos2 q + sin2 q) + b2 (sin2 q + cos2 q)
2

D = a2 1 + b2 1
= a2 + b2.
2h/3 \ (a cos q b sin q )2 + (a cos q + b sin q )2 = a2 + b2 .
c2 + (a cos q + b sin q)2 = a2 + b2
C a cos q + b sin q = a 2 + b2 - c 2
h/3 1 1
q tan q +
f 28. (c)
A B sec q - 1 sec q + 1
40
sec q + 1 + sec q - 1 tan q 2 sec q
BC h /3 h = tan q = 2
tan f = = = (sec q - 1)(sec q + 1) sec q - 1
AB 40 120
2sec q 2 sec q 2
In D ABD, = tan q = =
tan 2 q tan q cos q sin q
BD
tan(q + f) = cos q
AB
2
tan q + tan f h = = 2 cosec q.
= sin q
1 - tan q tan f 40 29. (d) (a cos q + b sin q)2 + (a sin q b cos q)2 = m2 + n2.
a2 cos2 q + b2 sin 2 q + 2ab cos q. sin q + a2 sin 2 q + b2
1 h
+ cos2 q + 2 ab sin q. cos q = m2 + n2.
2 120 = h or a (cos q + sin 2 q) + b 2 (sin 2 q + cos 2 q)
2 2
h 40 = m2 + n2.
1-
240
or a2 + b 2 = m2 + n2
2(60 + h) h
=
(240 - h) 40
30. (d) ( )
In D ACD, we get AC = h cot 60 = h. 1 / 3 , In DBCD,
80 (60 + h) = 240 h h2 4800 + 80 h = 240 h h2 D
h2 160 h + 4800 = 0 (h 120) (h 40) = 0 BC = h cot 30 = h 3 .
h = 120 Therefore, from right-
h
[h = 40 is discarded, since h > 100 is given] angled triangle BAC,
25. (b) Given, sec q + tan q = x .....(i) we have
C
sec2 q tan2 q = 1 BC2 = AB2 + AC2
(sec q tan q) (sec q + tan q) = 1 2
( ) h
2 30 60
1 1 h 3 = (3) 2 +
or sec q tan q = = .....(ii) 3 B A
sec q + tan q x 3 km
Adding (i) & (ii), we get h2 8 2
3h 2 = 9 + h =9
1 x2 + 1 3 3
2 sec q = x + =
x x 27
2 h2 =
x +1 8
sec q =
2x
3 3 3 6
26. (d) Given identity h= km = km
2(sin6x + cos6x) + t (sin4x + cos4x ) = 1 2 2 4
2[(sin2x + cos2x)3 3 sin2x cos2x (sin2x + cos2x) 31. (b) sina + cosb = 2
+ t[(sin2x + cos2x)2 2sin 2x cos2x] = 1 sina < 1 : cosb < 2
[Q (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b) a = 90 ; b = 0
and (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
2a + b 180
where a = sin 2x, b = cos2x] \ sin = sin
2[1 3sin 2x cos2x] + t[1 2 sin 2x cos2x] = 1 3 3
 15

3 1 1 3
= sin 60 = sin2q +cos4q = + =
2 2 4 4
When q = 30
a 3
cos = cos 30 = 1 9 13
3 2 sin2 + cos4 q = + =
4 16 16
2
32. (c) cos4q sin4q = 1
3 37. (c) tan 20 = = cot 4q
tan 4q
2
(cos2q + sin 4q ) (cos2qsin2q) = tan 2q = tan (90 4q)
3 2 q = 90 4 q
2 6q = 90 q = 15
cos2q sin2q = \ tan 3q = tan 45 = 1
3
2 38. (d) tan (q1 + q2) = 3 = tan 60
cos2q (1 cos2q) = q1 + q2 = 60 and sec (q1 q2)
3
2 2
2cos2q 1 = = = sec 30
3 3
sin a q1 q2 = 30
33. (a) =1 \ q1 = 45 and q2 = 15
cos ( 30 + a )
\ sin 2q1 + tan 3q2
sin a = sin 90 + tan 45
sin 90 30 - a = 1
( ) =1+1=2

sin a 4 x2 + 1
39. (b) sec q =
sin 60 a = 1
( ) 4x
sin a = sin (60 a) tan q = sec 2 q - 1
a = 60 a
2a = 60 a = 30 2
4 x 2 + 1
\ sin a + cos 2a = -1
= sin 30 + cos 60 4x
1 1
= + =1
( 4x + 1)
2
- ( 4 x)
2 2
2 2
34. (b) 2 sin2q + 3cos2q =
= 2 sin2q + 2cos2q + cos2q ( 4 x)2
= 2 (sin2q + cos2q) + cos2q
= 2 + cos2q
=
( 2 x + 1)( 2 x - 1) = 4 x 2 - 1
\ Minimum value of cosq = 1 4x 4x
\ Required minimum value = 2 + 1 = 3
1 4x2 + 1 4x2 - 1
35. (c) + sin 2 39 + tan 2 51 \ sec q + tan q = +
cosec 2 51 4x 4x

1 4 x2 + 1 + 4 x 2 - 1
= 1 2 2
=
sin 51.sec 39 4x
= sin 2 51 + sin2 39 + tan2(90 39)
8 x2
1 = = 2x
- 4x
sin 2 (90 39).sec 2 39 40. (a) x = a sec q. cos f; y = b secq. sin f; z = c tan q
1
= cos2 39 + sin 2 39 + cot2 39 - x2 y2 z2
2
cos 39.sec 39 2 \ + -
a2 b2 c2
[\ sin (90 q) = cos q, tan (90 q) = cot q]
= 1 + cot2 39 1 a 2 sec2 q cos 2 f b 2 sec 2 q sin 2 f c 2 tan 2 q
= cosec2 39 1 = x2 1 = +
a2 b2 c2
36. (b) When q = 0
sin2q + cos4q = 1 = sec2 q. cos2 f + sec2 q. sin2 f tan2 q
When q = 45, = sec2 q (cos2 f + sin2 f) tan2 q
= sec2 q tan2 q = 1
16
sec q + tan q 5 y
41. (a) = 2 x sec q - =3
sec q - tan q 3 sin q
5 sec q 5 tan q = 3 sec q + 3 tan q
2x yx
2 sec q = 8 tan q - =3
cos q 2 y cos q
tan q 2 1
= = 3 x
sec q 8 4 3cos q = x cos q =
2 2
sin q 1 Now sin2 q + cos2 q = 1
cos q =
cos q 4
x2
1 y2 + =1
sin q = 4
4
42. (b) sec2q + tan2q = 7 4 y 2 + x2 = 4
1 + tan2 + tan2q = 7 48. (b) sec2 q tan2 q = 1
(Q 1 + tan2q = sec2q) (sec q + tan q) (sec q tan q) = 1
6 1
tan2 q = =3 3(sec q - tan q) = 1 sec q - tan q = ...(1)
2 3
tan q = 3 sec q + tan q = 3 (Given) ...(2)
tan q = 3 or tan q = 3 Adding eqns. (1) and (2)
As 0 < q < p/2 1 4 2
2sec q = 3 + 2sec q = sec q =
\ q = tan1 3 3 3
3
p 3 1
q= \ cos q = Q sec q = cos q
3 2
43. (c) sin 2x + 2 tan2 q 2sec2x + cos2x
sin2x + cos2 x 2 (sec2 x tan2 x) Therefore, sin q = 1 - cos 2 q
1 2 (1) = 1 3 1
1- =
44. (d) 4 2
'
100m 51
50m 49. (a) 63 14' [1 minute = 60 seconds]
60
q ' '
17 297 297
63 14 + 63 63 + 20 60
20 20
50m 1
sinq = = [1 degree = 60 minutes]
100m 2
q = 30 c
75897 75897 p 2811
30 radian p
20 1200 1200 180 8000
45. (b) tan 30 =
x
20m cos 4 a sin 4 a
1 20 50. (d) + =1
= cos 2 b sin 2 b
3 x 30 cos4 a sin2 b + sin4 a cos2 b = cos2 b sin2 b
x cos4 a (1 cos2 b) + cos2 b (1 cos2 a)2 = cos2 b
x = 20 3m
(1 cos2 b)
a2 b2 a2 b2 cos4 a cos4 a cos2 b + cos2 b 2 cos2 a
46. (a) = -
x2 y2
a 2 sin 2 q b2 tan 2 q cos2 b + cos4 a cos2 b = cos2 b cos4 b
cos a 2 cos2 a cos2 b + cos4 b = 0
4
cosec2q cot2q = 1 (cos2 a cos2 b)2 = 0
47. (b) 2y cos q = x sin q cos2 a = cos2 b
2y sin2 a = sin2 b
sin q = cos q
x cos 4 b sin 4 b
And 2x sec q y cosec q = 3 Then, +
cos 2 a sin 2 a
 17

cos2 b cos 2 a sin 2 b sin 2 a (sin q + cos q)2 -1 sin 2 q + cos2 q + 2sin q cos q -1
+ = =
cos 2 a sin 2 a sin q cos q sin q cos q
cos2 b 2
+ sin b = 1 2sin q cos q
= =2
51. (a) sin q - cos q + 1 sin q cos q
sin q + cos q - 1
Dividing Numerator and Denominator by cos q sin 53 cot 65
55. (b)
cos 37 tan 25
sin q cos q 1
- +
cos q cos q cos q tan q - 1 + sec q sin 53 tan 25

sin 53

tan 25
sin q cos q 1 tan q + 1 - sec q cos 37 cot 65 cos(90 53 ) cot(90 25 )
+ -
cos q cos q cos q
sin 53 tan 25
2 2 =1
(tan q + sec q) (sec q - tan q) sin 53 tan 25

tan q - sec q + 1 [Q cos (90 q) = sin q and cot (90 q) = tan q]
(tan q + sec q)[1 - sec q + tan q] 1 3
tan q + sec q +
tan q - sec q + 1 cos 60 + sin 60 2 2 = 1+ 3 1+ 3
56. (c) =
sin q 1 1 + sin q cos 60 sin 60 1 3 1 3 1+ 3
+
cos q cos q cos q 2 2
52. (b) In DABC
A (1 + 3)2 1+ 3 + 2 3 4 + 2 3
h = =
tan a = ...(1) 2
1 ( 3) 2 1 3 2
9
In DABD h 2(2 + 3)
= -(2 + 3)
h 2
tan b =
16 a b cot 5.cot10.cot15.cot 60.cot 75.cot 80 .cot 85
a + b = 90 (given) B 9 C 57. (d)
16 (cos2 20 + cos2 70 ) + 2
b = 90 a
cot(90 85 ).cot(90 80 ).cot(90 75 ).cot 60.cot 75.cot 80 cot 85
h
since tan b = (cos 2 (90 70 ) + cos 2 70 ) + 2
16
1
h h 16
tan(90 - a) = cot a = or tan a = ...(2) cot 60 1 3 3
16 16 h = 3 = =
(1 + 2) 3 3 3 3 9
From eqn. (1) and (2)
h 16 58. (d) Let angles are 2x, 5x and 3x.
= h2 = 16 9 h = 12 feet. 2x + 5x + 3x = 180
9 h (sum of interior angle of triangles is 180)
53. (a) If sin 2 a = cos3 a 10x =18
x = 18
tan 2 a = cos a ...(1) \ Least angle in degree = 2x = 2 18 = 36
Now consider, cot6 a cot2 a
p p
In radian = 36 =
1 1 1 180 5
= - Since cot a =
tan 6 a tan 2 a tan a 59. (d) x = a cos q b sin q
Substituting for tan 2 a with cos a from (1) above y = b cos q + a sin q
equation will be x 2 + y2 = (a cos q b sin q)2 + (b cos q + a sin q)2
a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q 2 ab cos q sin q + b2 cos2
1 1 1 - cos 2 a sin 2 a tan 2 a q + a2 sin2 q + 2ab cos q sin q
= - = = = =1
3
cos a cos a cos3 a cos3 a cos a (a2 + b2) cos2 q + (a2 + b2) sin2 q
54. (b) (1 + tan q + sec q) (1 + cot q cosec q) a2 + b2 (cos2 q + sin2q)
a2 + b2. (1) a2 + b2
sin q 1 cos q 1 60. (a) tan a + cot a = 2
1 + + 1+ -
cos q cos q sin q sin q 1
tan a + = 2 tan2 a + 1 = 2 tan a
sin q + cos q + 1 sin q + cos q - 1 tan a

cos q sin q tan2 a 2 tan a + 1 = 0
tan2 a tan a tan a + 1 = 0
tan a (tan a 1) 1 (tan a 1) = 0
(tan a 1) (tan a 1) = 0
18
\ tan a = 1 sec 17 sin 73
1 = sec 17 cos 17
Now, tan7 a + cot7 a (tan a)7 + = 1+ 1 = 2
(tan a) 7 y2 - x 2
y
= -
A y2 - x 2 y
61. (a) Tower q = 45

y2 - y2 + x 2 x2
= =
y y2 - x 2 y y2 - x 2
125 m
65. (c) cosecq + cotq = 3
1 cos q
q = 45 C + = 3
sin q sin q
B Car
In DABC 1 + cos q
= 3
AB 125 125 sin q
tan q = tan 45 = 1 =
BC BC BC
q
BC = 125 m 2 cos2
Hence, car is 125 m from the tower. 2
q q = 3
2sin cos
(cos q + sin q)(cos 2 q + sin 2 q - sin q cos q) 2 2
62. (c)
(cos q + sin q)
q
(cos q - sin q)(cos 2 q + sin 2 q + sin q cos q) cot = 3
2
+
(cos q - sin q)
2 2 q 1 q
= 2 cos q + 2sin q sin q cos q + sinq cosq tan = ; = 30; q = 60
=2 2 3 2
A
2
cosec q = cosec 60 =
3
h 66. (c) cosa + sec a = 3
63. (a)
taking cube both sides
45 60
D x B cos3a + sec3 a + 3 cosa seca (cosa + seca) = 3 3
30 m C
h cos3a + sec3 a + 3 3 = 3 3
In DABC, tan60 =
x cos3a + sec3 a = 0
h 67. (a) sinq + cos q = 2 cos q
x= ...(1)
3
sinq = ( 2 - 1) cos q
h
In D ABD, tan 45 =
30 + x 1
cotq =
h 2 -1
1= or h = 30 + x
30 + x
Putting value of x from (1) 1 2 +1
cotq = = 2 +1
h 2 -1 2 +1
h = 30 +
3 68. (d) (sin2 1 + sin2 89) + (sin2 2 + sin 2 88) + ...
+ (sin 2 44 + sin 2 48) + sin 2 45
( 3 - 1)
or h = 30 h = 15 (3 + 3) m = (sin 1 + cos 1) + (sin 2 2 + cos2 2) + ...
2 2
3 + (sin2 44 + cos2 44) + sin 2 45
x 1
64. (d) sin17 = = 1 + 1 + .... + 1 (44 times) +
y 2
x2 y2 - x 2 1
cos 17 = 1 - = = 44
y2 y 2