Syallabus of B.Sc.

I Botany

Paper I- FUNGI, LICHENS, BACTERIA AND PLANT VIRUSES - M.M-33

NOTE- All units should be adequately covered.

UNIT-I
1- Introdction and salient features of Fungi, A brief history of the study of Fungi and their
place among the organism.
2- Somatic structure of Fungi. Nutritional and Dnyiron metro needs of fungi.
3- Logical and ecological grouter of fungi.
4- Reproduction in Fungi the fungal spore, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction,
heterothallism (two allelomorph heterothallism only), heterokaryosis and parasexual
cycle (general idea only).
5- Pathology of fungal plant diseases- A brief idea about disease symptoms, establishment
of diseases, categories of plant diseases on the basis of their occurrence, control of plant
dideases-brief idea about exclusion, eradication, protection by fungicides and by
developing resistance.
6- Importance of fungi both beneficial and harmful.

UNIT-II
1- A broad classification of fungi upto the class level incorporating the latest ideas with
respect ot classification pointing out the plave of the genera of fungi in the syllabus (item
2).
2- A study of the complete life history of the following genera.

LOWER FUNGI:
Stemonitis, Physarum, Synchytrium, Saprolegnia, Albugo, Pythium, Phytophthora and Rhizopus.

HIGHER FUNGI
Saccharomyces (Yeast), Eurotium (Aspergillus, Pencillium), Eryshiphe, Morchella, Ustilago,
Puccinia, Agaricus, Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Cercospora.

UNIT-III
1- -Lichens: occurrence, symbiotic relationship, general structure, reproduction and
economic importance.
2- Bacteria : Structure, reproduction and economic importace.
3- Plant viruses : nature, structure, transmission, multiplication and economic importance
and baceriophages (brief idea)
Paper II- ALGAE AND BRYOPHYTA M.M-33
Note: All units should be adequately covered.

UNIT-I
1- Introduction and salient features of Algae and their place among the organisms.
2- Range of gegetative structure of Algae. Cell structure of Prokaryotic and Eukarryotic
Algae.
3- Reproduction, types of life cycles (haplontic, diplontic, diplohaplontic, haplobiontic and
diplobiontic) and alternation of generations in algae.
4- Ecology of algae-brief idea of fresh water and marine algae, terrestrial algae,
phytoplanktons, epiphytic, parasitic and symbiotic algae.
5- Economic importance of algae as food and fodder, in agriculture, industry and public
health.

UNIT-II
1- Classification of algae (Smith) upto class level and basis of classification.
2- Structure, reproduction and life cycles of the following genera.
-Nostoc, Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Cladophora, Oedogonium, Chara, Vaucheria,
Ectocarpus, Sargassum, Polysiphonia, Diatoms.

UNIT-III
1- Introduction and salient features of Bryophytes. Their place quereg the plant
kingdom.
2- Habitats, distribution and economic importance of Bryophyta.
3- Classification of Bryophytes.
4- A brief account of alternation of generations.

UNIT-IV
Comparative study of Riccia, Marchantia, Pellia, Anthoceros and Funaria on the basis of the
following features:
1- Morphology and anatomy of the gametophyte, vegative and sexual reproduction and
structure of sporophyte.
2- Mechanism of spore dispersal and germination of spores (details of development are not
required)

Paper III- PTERIDOPHYTA, GYMNOSPERMS AND ELEMENTARY

PALAEOBOTANY M.M-34
Note- All units should be adequately covered.

UNIT-I
 1- Introduction and salient features of Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Their Plase awary
the plant kingdom.
2- Habitats, distribution and economic importance of pteridophytes and gymnosperms.
3- Classification of pteridophytes and gymnosperms upto order level, pointing out the
features of special significance of each class.
4- Alternation of generations in pteridophytes and gymnosperms.

UNIT-II
Comparative study of Rhynia, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equisetum, Pteris and Marsilea on the
basis of the following features:
1- Morphology and anatomy of the vegetative plant body and spore producing organs
(stobilus, sporocarp, sporophyll, sporangium and spores), sexual reproduction.
2- Telome theory, steler system, apogamy, agamospory, apospory, heterospory and seed
habit.

UNIT-III
Comparative study of Cycas, Pinus and Ephedra on the basis of the following features:
1- Morphology and anatomy of the vegetative body, sporophylls (their arrangement),
sporangia, spores, male and female gametophyte, pollination, fertilization, embryology
and germination.
2- Types of wood thickenings, tracheids, medullary rays, pith and resin canals, mesarch and
pseudomesarch, foliar bundles and stomata.

UNIT-IV
1- Fossils, their types and process of fossilization.
2- Gereral idea about various geological eras.
3- Living fossils.