-Cardiovascular system: Consists of (1) Heart which pumps blood to (2) Blood vessels.
-Lymphatic System: Collect excess tissue fluid and return it to cardio system. Water
enters lymph vessels. As soon as fluid enters lymph vessels, called lymph.
-Arteries: Has three layers. Innermost is thin layer called endothelium, middle thick
smooth muscle and elastic tissue, and outer is connective tissue.
-Arterioles: Small arteries just visible to naked eye.
-Capillaries: Arterioles branch into capillaries. Each is very narrow, micro tube with a
wall composed only of endothelium (*a single layer of cells).
-Capillary Beds: No cell is far from capillary because of these.
-Veins: Back to heart (except for cardiac veins).
-Venules: Small veins that drain blood from capillaries and join to form a vein.
-Valves: Veins have valves to keep from flowing backward.
-*In any one time, 70% of blood is in veins.
(Mader p. 87)
-Heart: Cone-shaped, muscular organ located between lungs and behind sternum.
-Myocardium: Consists largely of cardiac muscle tissue. Serviced by coronary artery and
cardiac vein (not by blood it pumps).
-Pericardium: Surrounds the heart; thick, membranous sack that support and protects.
Inside is lubricated with secretions.
-Septum: Separates the heart into right and left side.
-Heart has four chambers:
(1) Right and left atria (upper portion of heart) – thin walled
(2) Right and left ventricles (lower portion) – thick walled
-Atrioventricular Valves: Lie between atria and ventricles (supported by chordae
tendineae).
-AV valve on right called tricuspid (three flaps)
-AV valve on left called bicuspid (two flaps)
-Semi-lunar Valves: Lie between ventricles and attached vessels.
-Pulmonary Semilunar Valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
-Aortic Semilunar Valve: Between left ventricle and aorta.
-Blood Pressure: the pressure of blood against the wall of a blood vessel.
-Systolic Pressure: Highest arterial pressure reached during ejection of blood from the
heart.
-Diastolic Pressure: Occurs while the heart ventricles are relaxing.
-Blood moves slow through capillaries and allows time for exchange of substances
between blood and surrounding tissues.