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  • MEC3457 Systems and Control Laplace Transform Overview

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    Adam Yap
    34 tayangan23 halaman
    The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms and their application to solving differential equations (DEs) and transfer functions (TFs) that describe dynamic systems. Key points covered include: 1. Laplace transforms allow transforming time-domain DEs into algebraic equations in the s-domain, making solutions easier to obtain manually. 2. Transfer functions can be transformed into the s-domain by substituting s for the differential operator D and initial conditions. 3. The general method to solve DEs and TFs using Laplace transforms is to: transform the equations, solve the resulting algebraic equations, and take the inverse Laplace transform to find the time domain solution. 4. Examples show applying the method to common

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    The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms and their application to solving differential equations (DEs) and transfer functions (TFs) that describe dynamic systems. Key points covered include: 1. Laplace transforms allow transforming time-domain DEs into algebraic equations in the s-domain, making solutions easier to obtain manually. 2. Transfer functions can be transformed into the s-domain by substituting s for the differential operator D and initial conditions. 3. The general method to solve DEs and TFs using Laplace transforms is to: transform the equations, solve the resulting algebraic equations, and take the inverse Laplace transform to find the time domain solution. 4. Examples show applying the method to common

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    34 tayangan23 halaman

    MEC3457 Systems and Control Laplace Transform Overview

    Diunggah oleh

    Adam Yap
    The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms and their application to solving differential equations (DEs) and transfer functions (TFs) that describe dynamic systems. Key points covered include: 1. Laplace transforms allow transforming time-domain DEs into algebraic equations in the s-domain, making solutions easier to obtain manually. 2. Transfer functions can be transformed into the s-domain by substituting s for the differential operator D and initial conditions. 3. The general method to solve DEs and TFs using Laplace transforms is to: transform the equations, solve the resulting algebraic equations, and take the inverse Laplace transform to find the time domain solution. 4. Examples show applying the method to common

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    dari 23

    MONASH

    MECHANICAL &
    AEROSPACE
    ENGINEERING

    MEC3457
    Systems and Control

    4.1 Laplace Transformation

    Prof. Adrian Neild and Dr. Victor J. Cadarso


    Introduction
    Classicalmethodbasedon ishighlyinformativeasitexposes:
    Thesteadystatetermstowhichthesolutionshouldconvergeandthechangeinducedbytheinput
    Thetransienttermwhichdescribesthedynamicsofthesystemfromtheinitialtothetransientstate
    Solutionsoncomplexsystemsbecometedious,i.e.simplesecondordersystemssuchasa
    massconnectedtoaspringandadamperwithastepinput( )becomes:

    where ,

    TheLaplaceTransformationprovidesaconvenientmethodtofindsolutionsmanually.

    2
    Laplace Transform basics
    LaplaceTransformallowstransformationofatimedomaindifferentialequationintothe
    algebraicsdomain,representedbycomplexoperator .Itisdefinedas:
    , 0
    where isthefunctiontobetransformed
    denotesLaplaceTransform
    and istheLaplaceTransformof
    Examples:1

    3
    Laplace Transform and Transfer functions
    LaplacetransformcanbedirectlyassociatedtoTFgiventhefollowingconditions:
    Time, 0
    Systemisinequilibriumat 0 (i.e. 0 0 0 0 0
    TFonlydescribechangeson and fromtheirinitialsteadystatevalues
    InthiscasetheTFinDdomainistransformedintothesdomainbysimply:
    Substituting sforD
    andreplacing by and by
    TFonlydescribechangeson and fromtheirinitialsteadystatevalues

    Nomenclaturenote:capitallettersareusetodenotefunctionsonthesdomainandthe(s)
    variableisoftennotwritten.

    4
    Solution of Transfer functions by means of the Laplace Transform
    GeneralmethodtosolveDEandTFusingLaplaceTransform:
    1. FindtheDEorTFinDdomain
    2. ObtainLaplacetransformationoftheDEorTF
    3. Solvetheresultingalgebraicequationinthesdomain
    4. ObtainthetimedomainsolutionbyInverseTransformationof
    Theinversetransformationorconvolutionintegralconsiston:
    with 0

    Allusefulfunctionshavebeenlistedandpreviouslysolved.
    Followingtablescontainthemostcommononesthatwillbeusedinthisunit.

    5
    Laplace Transform pair tables 1

    6
    Laplace Transform pair tables 2

    7
    Laplace Transform pair tables 3

    8
    Laplace Transform properties

    Finalvaluetheorem:
    lim lim

    Initialvaluetheorem:
    lim lim

    9
    Example 1: First order system with step input in equilibrium
    Transferfunction Stepinput

    10
    Example 1: First order system with step input in equilibrium
    Comparetothetotalsolution

    Particularsolution,steadystate:

    Complimentarysolution,transientsolution

    11
    Systems not in equilibrium
    Intheabsenceofotherindicationsallwaysassume:
    0 0 0 0 0
    SothatscanbesubstitutedbyDintheTF
    However,iftheresponseanalysisdoesnotstartinequilibrium,thisisnotpossible.
    ThentheRealdifferentialtheoremmustbeapplied:

    0
    0 0
    orinthegeneralform:

    0 0 0 0 0

    12
    Example 2: First order system with step input not in equilibrium
    Transferfunction Stepinput

    ; With 0
    1

    13
    Example 2: First order system with step input not in equilibrium

    14
    Exercise 1
    Findthetimedomainequationof
    3
    1 2

    15
    Exercise 1 v2
    Findthetimedomainequationof
    3
    1 2

    16
    Exercise 2
    Findthetimedomainequationof
    2 3
    1

    17
    Exercise 3
    FindthetimedomainequationofthisDE

    18
    Exercise 4
    FindthetimedomainequationofthisDE
    ;with 0 & 0 and

    19
    Exercise 4
    FindthetimedomainequationofthisDE
    ;with 0 & 0 and

    20
    Exercise 4
    FindthetimedomainequationofthisDE
    ;with 0 & 0 and

    21
    Summary
    LaplaceTransformprovidesausefultooltosolvecomplexmodelsandtheirequations
    Themethodcanbesummarizedasfollows:
    1. Formacontinuouslinearmodel:
    Developanequationsetmodel
    Formasingledifferentialequation(DE)
    Formatransferfunction(TF)
    Formablockdiagramforthesystem
    2. SolvethesystemusingLaplaceTransform:
    FindtheDEorTFinDdomain
    ObtainLaplacetransformationoftheDEorTF
    Solvetheresultingalgebraicequationinthesdomain
    ObtainthetimedomainsolutionbyInverseTransformationof (usethepairstable)

    22
    Week 5 Midterm exam
    Next week Thursday 24th we will have our first Midterm exam.
    Important information:

    Venue: 23 College walk, Exam Hall 3 (same as for the tutorial sessions)
    All students with last names starting from A to M must be present at 11 am.
    All students with last names starting from N to Z must be present at 11:40 am.
    Students will not we allowed to abandon the room until instructed.
    The exam will last 30 min and contain questions and problems derived from the
    material presented from weeks 1 to 4 (Laplace Transform).
    This exam is worth 10% of your total assessment.

    23

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