CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

Presented in our chapter 2 is a synthesis of research that supports the

evaluation of the SMART LOCK: Advantages of the Innovation Era. Included in
the chapter is the foreign and local literature and foreign and local studies and
lastly the synthesis as indicated by literature review.

Foreign Literature

According to Shannon Liao, Aug.16, 2017. Schlage is adding Android

compatibility to one of its Bluetooth-enabled smart locks. Google Play is getting
the Schlage Sense app, which was previously limited to iOS. Schlage also just
announced the Sense Wi-Fi Adapter, which will allow both iOS and Android
users to access the lock remotely. The Schlage Sense lock was initially only
compatible with HomeKit, which required an Apple TV for remote use.The app
lets you set unique access codes on the lock for all your favorite people,
schedule access for certain guests, and notify you when the lock is used. You
can also use HomeKit to get into your home if you prefer. Unfortunately, theres
no mention of Alexa support.Schlage offers another smart lock, the Schlage
Connect, thats compatible with Amazon Alexa if you have something like
Samsungs SmartThings hub, but its odd that Schlages own hub doesnt
support Alexa or other home automation solutions. August, for instance, offers
its own Wi-Fi bridge that works with Amazon Alexa, Apple HomeKit, and a
bunch of other services".
"LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA--(Marketwired - Apr 17, 2017) - Today, Teodoor
announces the smallest, most functional smart lock available to date. The lock
enables "hands-free" access with ensured security to simplify and hasten the
user's entry. Using advanced recognition technology, access codes, and
combinations of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, the smart lock grants access to approved
users without the added hassle of searching for keys or your smartphone to
unlock the door. Teodoor is using Bluetooth 5 technology for greater stability,
promising fast and reliable wireless connectivity with increased range. Once a
user is within 100 feet of the door with their smartphone, he or she will be
recognized through the Teodoor app via Bluetooth, and once the user is within
five to ten feet from the door, the smart lock will unlock the door. The advanced
authorization uses safe encrypting algorithms in the background, without storing
any private information about its users creating endless possibilities -- i.e.
appointing multiple people with access permission or setting schedules and
reminders. It can also provide intrusion alerts to notify users if an unidentified
person has forcefully opened their door. "There are many smart locks on the
market right now that provide keyless entry, but we're excited to be the first to
design a truly 'hands-free' lock with a wide range of convenient possibilities for
home owners," said Martin Koterle, CEO of Teodoor. "While the most important
thing is to keep you and your house safe, smart locks should also be easy to
install and a pleasure to use. With Teodoor, not only can you leave your
smartphone in your purse or pocket, but you don't even have to have the app
open to unlock the front door." In the unfortunate event that a user's phone is
stolen, if the lock is Wi-Fi enabled (optional), users will be able to log in via
Teodoor's web app and disable the phone. Users can also disable the stolen
phone by using another smart device to access the app, or performing a hard
reset to the Teodoor lock. The procedure is quite similar to losing your keys,
however with Teodoor you can reset, while traditional locks and deadbolts
security process requires the user buying a new set."

"Antonio Villas-Boas for Business Insider: Nest, the struggling connected-smart-

home company bought by Google's parent company, Alphabet, in 2014, will
expand its range of smart-home products with new and updated devices you
can control from apps on your mobile devices, according to Bloomberg's Mark
Gurman.Those new products include a home-security alarm system with
window and door sensors, a key fob for arming and disarming your alarm, and a
smart doorbell with a camera.The news comes after a tumultuous period at
Nest, during which the cofounder and CEO, Tony Fadell, resigned amid
criticism of his management style and a lack of new products.The new products
would give Nest a more complete presence in the smart-home ecosystem,
instead of forcing users to mix devices from a variety of companies.As of
Wednesday, Nest offers only a smart thermostat, outdoor and indoor monitor
cameras, and a smoke alarm a comparatively limited range of devices. The
three potential new products would offer a more thorough smart-home solution,
especially in safety and security.Still, Nest's smart doorbell sounds similar to the
Ring video-doorbell product, which has been on the market for several
years.Gurman also said that Nest would release updated models of some of its
current devices, including a cheaper version of its thermostat, next year. The
updated thermostat could potentially change your home's temperature
according to your usage patterns. According to Gurman, it would also be
cheaper than the current thermostat, which costs $249 the new model would
sell for under $200.Nest is also planning to release a range of sensors that
would work with Nest's thermostat to control the temperature of individual
rooms rather than an entire home, according to Gurman. Today, you'd have to
get Nest thermostats for each room in which you wanted to control the
climate.Nest is also working on an updated model of its Indoor Cam monitoring
camera that notifies you when it senses a person has entered a room, the
report said. Gurman, citing a person familiar with the matter, said Nest would
release the updated cameras this fall.One of the new features apparently being
discussed is the ability to identify specific people. Currently, Nest's Indoor Cam
can only tell when a person, in general, enters a room.As accurate and well-
connected as Gurman is in the industry, these details are nothing more than
rumours at this point. Only Alphabet and Google could confirm any new
products and features by announcing them."

"SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE February 17,2017)--August Home Inc,

the leading provider of smart locks and smart home access products and
services that make life more simple and secure, today added the ability to
unlock the August Smart Lock with a voice command using Alexa-enabled
devices. Now August Smart Lock users are able to ask Alexa to "unlock my
door," using a secure voice PIN code in addition to locking and checking the
status of an August Smart Lock. "Last year, we launched the August Home
smart lock skill, which allowed users to lock their door and check the status of
their August Smart Lock from an Alexa-enabled device," said Jason Johnson,
CEO of August Home Inc. "Before adding the unlock feature, we needed to be
sure we could maintain our standard for security. Now users have the
convenience of using Alexa to unlock their door using their voice and a secure
voice PIN from anywhere in the home." August Smart Lock customers using a
1st generation or 2nd generation lock can begin using Alexa by enabling the
August Smart Lock skill within the Alexa app. The unlock skill requires users to
set a 4-12 digit PIN code during the account linking process. Using the August
Smart Lock with Alexa-enabled devices also requires connecting the August
Smart Lock to the Internet using either the August Connect Wi-Fi Bridge or
August Doorbell Cam. All three products are available through the Amazon
Launchpad program for startups. Additionally, consumers can ask Alexa to
order August products such as the August Smart Lock or August Connect from
any Alexa voice-enabled device. August Smart Home Access Solution-The
August Smart Lock, August Smart Keypad and August Doorbell Cam, create
the complete Smart Home Access Solution allowing people to manage their
front door from anywhere. The August Smart Lock turns a smartphone into a
smart key where consumers can lock and unlock their door, create virtual keys
for guests, and keep track of who comes and goes with a 24/7 activity log. The
August Smart Keypad also lets users create unique entry codes for family,
friends and service providers to unlock an August Smart Lock without a
traditional key or smartphone. The August Doorbell Cam lets consumers see
and speak with visitors at the door, from anywhere, using a smartphone. August
Access-August products work in harmony with leading smart home brands to
make life more simple and secure. August Access partners include Airbnb,
Amazon, Apple, Logitech, Nest and Xfinity Home. For more information, visit
August Access."

According to GORDON GOTTSEGEN, (October 14,2015). How great would it

be if you could always be there to know first-hand whats going on inside your
home? Unfortunately, you (probably) cant. Things like work, errands, and
school get in the way. All those life necessities can make it especially difficult to
keep tabs on your house when it needs something, like a delivery, or a
repair.Thats where August comes in, a smart home company that is trying to
upgrade your front door. Last year, August released the August Smart Lock, a
helpful device that aims to make keys obsolete. The Smart Lock is controlled by
your phone through a Bluetooth enabled app, so you (or the people you grant
access to) can lock and unlock your door. This year, August is beefing up its
Smart Lock by enabling it with Apples Home Kit, meaning youll be able to use
Siri to lock or unlock your door. In addition to these internal changes, the Smart
Lock also gets a few design changes, with a magnetic faceplate concealing the
batteries, and a chrome indicator to show whether its locked or unlocked. Along
with the new Smart lock, August is also releasing two new devices: the August
Smart Keypad and Doorbell Cam.The Smart Keypad is a small numbered
keyboard that gives you code access into your home. Are you locked out
because you left your keys and phone at work? With the Smart Keypad you just
enter in an August-generated passcode to unlock your Smart Lock. Passcodes
are made for either repeated use or temporary use, meaning you can give the
person who cleans your house a passcode that expires after a single use, while
keeping a permanent code for your family.The Doorbell Cam is exactly what it
sounds like: A Smart Lock-integrated doorbell that allows homeowners to see
and talk to whoevers at their door. When a visitor rings the smart doorbell, it
initiates a one-way video that appears on the August app, and allows the
homeowner to remotely buzz the visitor in. The Doorbell Cam also can function
as a security monitor by giving the user on-demand video access through the
app, or by sending notifications whenever it detects motion.Along with this new
hardware, August is releasing a new platform known as August Access, an in-
app service that grants access to trusted third-party companies whenever you
have a delivery or appointment. Partners include companies like Sears,
Postmates, and Pro.combasically, a variety of services that need access to
your home, regardless of whether youre in it. The app will send you real-time
updates when your house is being accessed, or you can see who is at your
door with the Doorbell Cam. So you can rest assured if letting strangers into
your home makes you nervous. Otherwise, keep in mind that August Access is
opt-in only.
Local Literature

According to Victor Barreiro Jr., January 08, 2015. The August Connect
augments the abilities of the company's smart lock, allowing remote access to
your smart lock via August's smart lock application.

MANILA, Philippines In the Internet of things, a smart home will likely also
have a smart lock. How do you make a smart lock better though? By getting
remote access to your locks securely.Announced Wednesday, January 7, at the
2015 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, the August Connect is a
device that augments the abilities of the August Smart Lock, a keyless lock
system that uses connects your smartphone or computer to your front door's
lock.Once plugged into an available power outlet near the Smart Lock, the
Connect links your smart lock to your home's WiFi system.This functionality
allows for additional remote access features on the Smart Lock, such as
checking the status of the lock and operating the lock remotely from August's
management application. You can also use it allow people you trust into your
home without needing to be physically at the door or near the house.

According to Marvin S. Angelo,2011. The study aimed to design a prototype

that would provide an alternative way of locking and unlocking door locks with
the use of Bluetooth technology that is also capable of sending SMS message
upon intruder detection through GSM module. It is also integrated with
microcontrollers for it to be able to provide remote access via Bluetooth
technology and for GSM module manipulation.The prototype has different
components a Bluetooth chipset, GSM module, toggle switch for
rechargeable/non-rechargeable battery, LED indicator, relay, microcontroller,
sound alarm, motor, and door lock. The Bluetooth chipset serves as the
transceiver, and receiver of the Bluetooth signal between the mobile phone and
the device that is responsible for the automation part of the device. The
microcontroller processes the resulting inputs and commands gathered from the
Bluetooth chipset and trigger the lock to be locked or unlock. The
microcontroller also controls the GSM module on sending SMS message upon
intruder detection. The toggle switch sets the operation of the battery for
rechargeable and non-rechargeable. The LED indicator indicates the power
status of the system. The relay switches the door lock to lock and unlocks
status by means of digital signal.The result of the study showed that the
Bluetooth activated door lock with theft detectors via global system for mobile
communication is possible as an alternative for the existing door lock locking
and unlocking operation and is also embedded with a SMS message alarm.
This device resolves problems concerning door lock management.

According to Eric Paul N. Lucena, 2013. This study aimed to develop a system
that can provide security on home through the integration of different security
devices. The study sought to determine the following: (a) the features of the
security system, (b) efficiency of the security devices used in the system in
terms of its inputs, namely, biometrics fingerprint scanner, human motion
sensor and keypad, as well as to determine the response of its output, namely,
GSM, intrusion alarm, and LCD. A two-phase method was employed in this
study to assess the reliability of the developed system, namely, the
experimental development and descriptive method. There are thirteen
purposively chosen evaluators of this study which are composed of three home
security experts, five engineers, five selected students and residents. The
implemented system was evaluated and the system features enumerated was
found to be effective. Biometric fingerprint scanner read the fingerprint
accurately. Human motion sensor was able to detect human presence. Keypad
could activate and deactivate the security system and worked accurately in
terms of password recognition. GSM was able to send a text message to the
homeowner. Intrusion alarm gave a warning when the sensor detects human
presence. LCD displayed the status of the system. Through the integration of
various security devices better security assurance can be achieved.

According to Aaron John Barbaza, April 6, 2014. Through the Assa Abloy
group, Yale launched Digital Locks for the first time in the Philippines to cater
safety, security and convenience for the Filipinos.They introduced 7 digital door
locks in total (YDR 4109, YDR 3109, YDG 313, YDR 33 and others) but the
spotlight went to their top of the line digital lock which is the YDR4109.The said
digital lock has 6 options to lock or unlock it: thru an RFID, the touchscreen
keys, the two-way integration (unlock/lock through an app available for both
Android and iOS), the fingerprint scanner, the supplied remote control (which
can also be used in some of their other digital door lock models) and the
mechanical keys in case that you cant open it with those 5 methods mentioned.

The most interesting feature is the two-way integration wherein you can
unlock/lock the digital door even if you are out of the country as long as you
Android/iOS device and the YDR4109 are connected online.Alok Gupta, Assa
Abloy Group Head for Southeast Asia led the demonstration on how to use the
YDR 4109 as well as some of their other models.

Foreign Studies

According to Edgar Alvarez, January 3 2017. Fingerprint readers are already a

staple feature of many smartphones, and here at CES we've found the
technology built into what looks like a traditional padlock. The BenjiLock,
designed by a startup from Los Angeles, supports up to four different
fingerprints and saves them in an encrypted chip for easy access. It doesn't
leave physical keys out altogether, however, since the company says you may
need to use the included set at some point. For example, if someone you don't
know makes a few attempts to unlock the device, BenjiLock automatically
erases your information and will require the key to open it again.If you don't like
the white model pictured here, it also comes in a variety of colors, including
black, copper, brass and stainless steel. Unfortunately, BenjiLock won't be up
for grabs until the third quarter of this year for $80, which isn't that high of price
to pay for a fancy gym locker to humble brag about to your bros. Unless you'd
rather stick to using keys or a combination that, somehow, you always manage
to forget."

According to Jon chase, April 22 2016. After spending more than three months
researching and testing eight leading models in both side-by-side tests and
real-world everyday use, we feel that the Kwikset Kevo with the optional Kevo
Plus module is the best choice for most homeowners. It's the most versatile lock
we testedyou can control it via a standard key, a wireless key fob, or a
smartphone (at close range or remotely, over the Internet). It consistently had
the fastest unlock/lock response times of all the locks we tested, and the
mechanical whir of its moving parts was among the quietest.Smart locks bring a
level of convenience and flexibility to day-to-day life, by allowing you to no
longer carry house keys and letting you keep tabs on who comes and goes at
home while you're away. Among other cool benefits, some smart locks even
allow you to use your smartphone to instantaneously send a virtual key to a
houseguest.All of this potential comes with a price, naturally, and though not
stratospheric, the investment may give some homeowners pause. If spending
nearly three hundred bucks on a door lock isn't personally justifiable, you may
be just as satisfied dropping a couple bucks for extra keys and one of those
hollow fake rocks to stash them in.We installed each smart lock on an exterior
door with an existing deadbolt, removing that deadbolt for models that included
their own lock hardware. For devices that rely on a dedicated companion app,
we installed apps on both iOS and Android smartphones (when apps for both
platforms were available). For devices requiring use of a third-party hub and
without their own dedicated apps for remote use, we used a Wink HUB with the
companion Wink app.After installation, we triggered the locks up close using
our local Wi-Fi network and remotely from smartphones connected over 4G
LTE. Where possible, we tested the various settings and preferences found in
the lock's companion app and also shared lock access with others. We then did
several mock entrances, attempting to use the lock as we might in everyday
life.These devices have varying capabilities, so apples-to-apples (or even
apples-to-oranges) comparisons weren't always possible. Nonetheless,
comparisons quickly boiled down to a question of if key features were available
and if they were, did the "smart" features make the devices more convenient or
functional than a standard lock.If you want a smart lock that's easy to install,
lets you unlock the door with a simple tap of your finger, and allows for remote
monitoring and operation from anywhere in the world via an Internet gateway,
the Kwikset Kevo with Kevo Plus is your pick. In our extensive tests of eight
different smart locks, no other model offered the same effortlessly simple
operation.Kwikset, the Kevo's maker, is a respected lock company with 60
years of experience. The Kevo is sturdily built and can be controlled with its
equally polished companion app. This lock also has a lot of great features. Its
touch-based trigger makes locking and unlocking a door notably faster than
using a key or keypad and more secure than models that depend on geofencing
to automatically unlock when you get near home. And as with any lock, the
Kevo's most important feature is that it properly secures a door as well as a
standard "dumb" deadbolt lock of the same grade would.The Schlage Connect
Touchscreen Deadbolt, with its built-in keypad, is an excellent choice. It has
even bulkier hardware than our pick and doesn't have a dedicated app for
remote control. For some people, though, it may be a good solution if dedicated
smartphone control isn't a priority, because you can still easily gain or share
access to your home without ever needing to deal with a key (though it has a
keyed tumbler as a dead-battery backup). The resistive touchscreen is reliably
fast, which is the real hook. As an ANSI Grade 1 device, this lock is sturdily built
to withstand break-in attemptsplus, it has a few alarm modes built in, so
anyone trying to force your door open will be greeted by a piercing siren.
Overall, though, the Kevo was more convenient to manage and a better
aesthetic option on a front door.

Available in Apple stores everywhere and thus arguably the most high-profile
smart lock around, the stylish August Smart Lock can be a good solution if you
want to use an existing deadbolt. Adding the August Connect Wi-Fi adapter to
the lock lets you share access easily and keep tabs remotely on who comes
and goes at your home. This lock makes a lot of sense for renters or vacation-
home owners, though we had a few quibbles: The battery compartment can
slide off, and the auto-unlock feature was too unstable to work in urban
environments, as it triggered a few times even when we were home.You can
install another August add-on, the August Smart Keypad, outside your home,
next to your door, and get easier, smartphone-free access sharing for guests.
Once you figure in the keypad's expense, though, you might decide you're
better off simply buying a keypad-equipped deadbolt, such as our second-place
pick, the Schlage Touchscreen Deadbolt.For some people, the smartest lock
may not be the smartest choice. The Morning Industry QF-01SN Keypad and
Remote Deadbolt has a physical keypad for typing in an access code, but also
comes with a keychain-fob remote. It has terrible remote-access
implementation via Z-Waveyou aren't even able to check if your door is
locked or unlocked remotelybut that's forgivable at this lock's low price. The
QF-01SN's real value is its ability to open the lock via keypad or keychain
remote, letting you unlock your front door from up to 30 feet away, just as you
would your car.

According to Andrew Tarantola January 04, 2017. The sharing economy took a
turn toward the two-wheeled here at CES on Thursday when Lattis, "the smart
city company," introduced its Ellipse Smart Bike Lock. As its name implies, the
Ellipse packs as many IoT features as it can into its solar-powered frame. That
includes an accelerometer to monitor for sudden stops (i.e., you crash or get hit
by a car) and Bluetooth connectivity for remote unlocking and pushing theft-
attempt alerts to your smartphone.Pairing the Ellipse to your phone enables it to
send out location alerts to your contacts should the lock register a crash. It will
also send an alert to the user if someone tries to cut the lock and steal your
ride. What's more, this connectivity enables users to share access to their bike
with anyone they want using virtual keys -- similar to how many home smart
locks work. Additionally, the Ellipse has a Find My Bike feature for those times
when you can't remember where you parked it.The lock itself offers "military
grade" construction and a small solar panel to keep its battery charged
throughout the day. According to Lattis, the lock needs just an hour of sunlight
to keep it going for a full week, and a 12-hour charge is enough to keep it
powered for a month. And if you ride primarily at night, the lock can be charged
through its micro-USB port.Lattis also announced it is launching its own bike-
share program to enable organizations to share bikes among their members
without the need for bulky and expensive hubs like what we see with Citi Bike or
Bay Area Bike Share. The Ellipse lock is available now for $200 on the
company's website. The sharing program, meanwhile, is expected to roll out at
some point in the first half of the year."

According to Christopher Null August 3 2017. The first locks date back more
than a thousand years, and while traditional lock-and-key systems have
improved over time, the basic mechanism hasnt really changed: A piece of
metal that is just the right shape pushes pins inside a lock into the proper
position, allowing the lock mechanism to turn. As a society, its been tough to
replace a system that has worked reasonably reliably for literally a
millennium.Are smart locks really better?You can thank the hospitality industry
for finally pushing locks into the digital age. Hotels learned long ago that keys
are easily lost, expensive to replace, and simple to bypass, as thieves can pick
locks or simply make copies of a key to allow for unfettered future access. On
the flipside, hotel guests have readily accepted key cards (and in some cases,
smartphone-based solutions) as the primary means of getting into their room.
The electronic solution is just so much simpler. Lost hotel key card? Replacing
it is no big deal.But the biggest benefit of electronic entry systems is that they
are highly configurable. Digital locks can be changed at a moments notice
(which is why that old hotel key card in your wallet isnt good for anything), and
the property owner can generate a record of when each door was opened. In a
more advanced setting, different keys can be generated for the same lock, so a
homeowner can tell when each member of the family came in, or when the
housekeeper arrived. Whether you have a teenager that tends to break curfew
or merely want to give temporary access to houseguests, service providers, or
Airbnbers, smart locks are an incredible upgrade over the old way of doing
things.

Local Studies
s

Synthesis: