Source: Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency Phara Jourdan Rosabelle Campos 2005
Asam Lemak Esensial
Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein,
and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2002)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), Institute of Medicine (IOM)
Topical/PO Application as
Treatment for EFAD
Review of Literature
Hansen et al.
Study done in 1963
Involved infants fed one of five proprietary milk formulas
that were adequate in all other nutrients but contained
varying amounts of linoleic acid.
The amounts of linoleic acid varied from 7.3% down to less
than 0.1% of total kilocalorie needs.
Results
A high proportion of the infants who were fed the formula
lowest in linoleic acid for 3 months developed dry, thick,
flaking skin and suffered from retarded growth.
These clinical problems disappeared when larger amounts of
linoleic acid were provided.
Pediatrics, 1963
Cutaneous application of safflower oil in
preventing essential fatty acid deficiency in
patients on home parenteral nutrition.
Miller et al.
Investigated the use of cutaneously applied
safflower oil to prevent EFAD.
5 subjects on HPN supplemented with IV fat
emulsions underwent a 3-phase study:
1) no IV fat emulsions for 4 wks
2) cutaneous safflower oil for 4-6 weeks
3) oral safflower oil for 4 weeks
Fatty acid profiles were obtained during each phase
Friedman et al.
Two newborn infants receiving long-term, fat-free PN
developed EFAD.
Review of Literature
Transcutaneous application of oil and prevention
of essential fatty acid deficiency in preterm infants
Day 1 found nonessential FA increased in both groups while n-6 and n-3
FA were decreased in plasma. In RBC phospholipids, oleic acid (16:0)
was increased while n-6 FA were decreased.