SPE 55995
The Experimental Studies of Physical Simulation of Bottom Water Reservoirs With
Barrier and Permeable Interbed on Horizontal Well
Hongen Dou, Changzhi Guan, Shengjiang Lian, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED)
Copyright 1999, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.
This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 SPE Western Regional Meeting held in
Anchorage, Alaska, 2628 May 1999.
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Abstract
The paper presents the experimental study that is flow
mechanism of bottom water breakthrough into oil well with
horizontal well of barrier interbed and permeable interbed was
studied, and reservoir physical simulations of barrier layer and
permeable interbed flow of horizontal well were performed by
2D physical visible model. The model is made of two
polymethylmethacrylucote planes of transparent and the metal
frame that dimensional is 700mm 300mm 14mm.The
production mechanism and flow behavior of bottom water
reservoirs of barrier interbed and permeable interbed
horizontal well was revealed. All development process of
water cresting of barrier interbed and permeable interbed were
shown by the experiment. Meanwhile, the some rules that are
point displacement no better than the displacement of bottom
water, and there is no phenomenal of water cresting to the
permeable interbed, and result in water-free recovery percent
of reserves and terminal oil recovery both are enhancement.
The authors discovered that the weak permeable interbed had
high water-free recovery percentage of reserves and terminal
oil recovery after the weak permeable interbed compares with
the barrier interbed. The experiment reveals the to effect
horizontal well production rate on main sensitive factors, such
as the horizontal well length and the displacement pressure
drawdown. The paper presents also same horizontal well
length to increase pressure drawdown about two times then
terminal oil recovery to decline 3.14per cent and water-free
recovery percentage of reserves to decline 13.7per cent to the
weak permeable interbed. The bottom water reservoir of weak
permeable interbed and barrier interbed both should develop
to mitigate water cresting and prolong bottom water
breakthrough into oil well in the some degrees respectively.
Using the multilateral well to build up manual barrier layer
for the water control in bottom water reservoir with horizontal
well. The new concept development has been established
through the experiment.
Introduction
The application of horizontal well technology has been widely
used in whole world to enhance or improve oil recovery from
bottom water drive. Those reasons are horizontal well can
have a larger capacity to produce oil as compared with a
conventional vertical well, and horizontal well to have larger
contact area to the reservoirs, therefore the horizontal wells
produced oil from wells at a lower drawdown. Water crest or
coning develops was slower and oil recovery higher, and
horizontal wells have a longer time for the bottom water
breakthrough into oil well. In spite of horizontal well can
mitigate water flooding and prolong free water production
time, finally, water breakthrough into reservoirs was not
avoided. The conventional method is controlling the oil
production rate below the critical production rate. But in
practice, oil production rate is usually higher than the critical
production rate owing to economical benefits consideration. In
this case, earlier researchers have studied water crest
behaviors. P.Permadi and R.L.Lee paid attention to study
water crest under horizontal well and horizontal well in the
presence of impermeable streaks1, 2, 3, but they employed two -
dimension model to observe water crest development of
bottom water reservoir to dedicate conclusions same as the
productivity equation's descriptions5.
Form and development of water crest were described by
literature[4] clearly under the conventional horizontal well
development of bottom water displacement.
The objective of this paper is, through an experimental study
to find complex reservoir flow mechanism of barrier layer and
permeable interbed, to observe the movement of water-oil
contact in the barrier layer and permeable interbed. The
authors emphasized setup manually barrier layer or permeable
interbed is excellent method of water control for the bottom
water reservoir development with horizontal wells. A new
2 HONGEN DOU, CHANGZHI GUAN, SHENGJIANG LIAN
concept that is drilling other horizontal well nearly water-oil
contact as a special horizontal well for the water control to be
presented in this paper.
Experimental Setup
Physical Model. The experiment was carried out in the Hele-
Shaw cell for displacement of oil by bottom water. The cell
was constructed using two parallel plexyglass plates that is
70cm wide and 30cm high with the gap of 1.4cm. The
equivalent permeability of the cell was used. The experimental
setup is shown in Fig.1. The cell is transparent and basically
considered of two pieces of glass plates installed vertical and
parallel to each other, giving a narrow gap in between. The
plates sat on a plexyglass reservoir employed to ensure
uniform contract between the bottom part of the cell and
bottom water inlet. The model outer was hold by two pieces of
stain less steel frame by bolt to make sure the model all around
to keep contact. There are flexible functions of configuration
wells in this model. The simulation sand was put into
rectangular space of stain less steel frame. A gasket is placed
around the edge between the plates. To ensure tight boundaries
and an even distance between plates. Around these two
transparent parallel plates was clamped together by small bolt.
Placing a water reservoir at the bottom of the plates
represented bottom water drive. This water continuously
receives water supply from a water tank placed on a certain
height.
Experimental Method. The glass ball and quartzes sand were
used as two simulation sands. Pressure supplied by the mean of
nitrogen pressure tank and ISCO syringe pump respectively.
The diesel oil was used to the physical model as a simulation
reservoir. The oil viscosity is from 1.96 to 1.860 mPa s
In order to clearly observe the water and oil contact
movements during experimental runs, the displacement liquid
was colored with red dyes, nature water to add active agent
was also used to clean the cell and test tubes.
The two stuffing methods of wet stuffing and dry stuffing
were used in the model.
(1) Method of dry stuffing, the qualified quartzes and glass
ball a little was stuffing into the model through screening.
Then knock model with rubber hammer in order to make sure
the sands homogenous, the pour sands a little into model to go
on repeat above procedure until the model was filled fully.
(2) Method of wet stuffing, set up the model to the parallel
then the quartzes or glass ball of screened to add a little water
to stir homogenous to load it into model, squeezing it tighten
then above procedure was repeated still the model was fed.
Model Parameters. Size of simulation horizontal well is
made of copper tube of 6mm,it wall thickness is 0.8mm,
assume actual completion well diameter is 139.7mm in the
SPE 55995
oilfield perforation hole is 16 holes per meter casing wall
thickness is 9.17mm, perforation diameter is 12mm.
Partial geometry analogy criteria were applied in the
experiment. Assumed field casing and laboratory casing
surface area are Acf and Ace per one meter, the hole area of
perforation is Ahf and Ahe per one meter respectively. The
similarity relative was determined by following formula.
Ahf Ahe
= (1)
Acf Ace
Where Ahf = rhf2 ncf (2)
Ahe = r nce 2
he (3)
Acf = 2r L 2
cf (4)
Ahf = 2r L 2
ce (5)
Take the equation (2) to (5) into (1) have the following
equation
rce rhf2
nce = ncf (6)
rcf rhe2
When
rhf = 6mm , rce = 3mm , rhe = 0.5mm , rcf = 79.02mm
n = 16holes / m
Above data take into equation (6), we obtained
nce = 87holes / m = 1holes / cm
Saturated Method of Simulation Oil. Water is used as
displacement fluid in the experiment, so the displacement fluid
pumping water into simulation sands pre-saturation at the
beginning of oil was saturated. Connected one vacuum pump
into experiment schematic of the model. Detected tubing is not
shutoff to start the pump of vacuum, after value of vacuum is
up to -0.1MPa to go on work some times, open inlet valve of
model lower, the simulation oil was sucked into the cell still
the cell was fed by simulation oil fully. Closed outlet valve of
model when some certain rate oil flow from the cell, and to
stop the vacuum pump to release negative pressure to the zero
slowly. Then increase liquid level of oil tank to pour
simulation oil in the cell again still the model cannot enter.
Close outlet valves and stopped to inject simulation oil.
Finally, need to record rate of saturation oil.
Experimental Procedures. At the beginning of experiment,
the oil was fed in the cell according to above method. Then
opening inlet valve, and bypass valve of model bottom,
starting ISCO syringe pump to make sure water was injected
through the bottom of cell. At first drive residual oil from the
simulation tubing of water body, in the cases, the bottom
SPE 55995THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF BOTTOM WATER RESERVIORS WITH BARRIER AND PERMEABLE
INTERBED ON HORIZONTAL WELL 3
water was formed in the model lower. Closed valve then to
continue displacement, water was pumped into the middle-
container to drive fluid of dyed red into the cell, saturated oil
was displaced upward movement in the cell and oil was pushed
to the outlet line to enter into collector. Finally oil and water
below to form an initial water and oil contact. To make the
water and oil interface clearly visible, the oil was displaced
upwards by the water at a constant rate and produced rate from
the top port through the production line to a collection vessel.
This caused the upward movement of water and oil interface.
In the experiment, the displacement pressure difference and
displacement rate was recorded via pressure sensors and
electronic balance respectively. The pressure and the rate of
displacement both are to be controlled by the ISCO syringe
pump.
The point displacement and barrier layer and permeable
interbed in the experiments were designed. Observations of
water cresting development and measurements of fluid
production were performed every 3,5 minute still producing
water nearly to hundred percent. The water-oil contact and
movement situations with time were recorded with 35mm
camera and National Video camera. During the experiments,
the location of horizontal well to the bottom water, the
geometry size of horizontal well and the displacement pressure
is to be adjust under the three different reservoir's
configurations.
Experimental Results
The experimental purpose was to study the behavior of water
cresting under horizontal well at the three-reservoir
configuration. The barrier layer and permeable interbed were
configured in the cell as shown in Fig.2. In terms of water-
free recovery and breakthrough time water cut were measured.
Point Displacement
Experiment No.1A. The length of 200mm-barrier layer was
configured in the point displacement. It is located distance
bottom water is 100mm.length of horizontal well is 400mm,
simulation sand is quartzes sand. The bottom water drives oil
under the constant fluid rate. Displacement pressure difference
P = 18.3 ~ 87.5kPa , feeding oil is 680ml, 49 holes were
perforated in the horizontal well section.
No.1A water-free oil production time is 155minutes, water-
free oil production rate is 286ml,cumulation oil production
rate is 394.6ml, water-free oil recovery is 42 per cent, terminal
oil recovery is 58.1 per cent, the experiment results are shown
in Figs. 3 and 4. The pressure difference change is bigger
drained toward horizontal well approximately to take radius of
barrier half length in the experiment. Bigger area dead oil
region keeping in the lateral of the cell. The water crest
development was illustrated by Figs 3a, 3b and 3c. During the
experiment displacement front of movement is approximately
horizontal line, there is no water cresting to form in the
displacement.
Bottom Water Reservoir of Barrier Layer
Experimental No.1B. Stuffing sands into the cell renew,
saturated oil 1280ml into the cell, the impermeability barrier is
made of hose pipe that is stuffed by sands, and the hose pipe
length is 200mm. Set up it 100mm distance to the bottom
waster, 49 holes was perforated in the horizontal well section.
Experiment No.1B water-free oil production time is 340
minutes, water-free oil production rate is 987.5 ml, water-free
oil recovery is 75.2per cent, oil terminal recovery is 77.4per
cent, experimental result as Figs 5, 6 illustrated.
The displacement pressure increases with the water cut rising
in the experiment, oil will be influenced by barrier layer so as
to develop toward horizontal well in half-length of barrier
layer as drive radius, when the displacement interface move to
cross barrier keeping a little dead area in the two laterals of
cell in the end of displacement. During the experiment there is
not water cresting to form in the displacement.
Experiment No.2B. Above experiment parameters were kept,
780ml oil was fed into the cell. Displacement pressure
difference is from 0.57 to 1.82 kPa .
The experiment water-free oil production time is 95 minutes,
water-free oil production rate is 532 ml, the cumulation oil
production rate 641.8 ml, water-free oil recovery and terminal
oil recovery are 68.2per cent respectively, the results show on
Fig.7, 8.
According to Fig.7 and Fig.4a, the water cut goes up with
pressure difference change of displacement. Increasing
displacement pressure result in water cut drastic rising. Oil
inflow will be influenced by barrier layer so as to develop
toward horizontal well in half-length of barrier layer as drive
radius, when the displacement interface moves to cross barrier
keeping a little dead area in the two laterals of cell in the end
of displacement. But during the experiment there is no water
cresting to form in the displacement.
Experiment No.3B. Keeping parameter of the experiment
No.1B is to be changed, re-saturates oil of 725 ml into the cell.
Holding displacement pressure difference from 3.6 to 10.34
kPa .
Experiment No.3B water-free oil production time is 60
minutes, water-free oil production rate and cumulation oil
production rate are 439ml and 517ml respectively. Water-free
oil recovery and terminal oil recovery are 60.6per cent and
71.7per cent respectively. The result shows in Figs.9, 10.
From the Fig.10 follow that the displacement pressure
difference is to be influenced terminal oil recovery directly and
the risen velocity of water cut. But there is no water cresting
to form in the displacement. In other words, the
4 HONGEN DOU, CHANGZHI GUAN, SHENGJIANG LIAN
water-oil contact moves upward horizontal well is
approximately to keep horizontal line.
Bottom Water Reservoir of Permeable Interbed
Experimental No.1C. The geometry parameters that are not to
be changed in the above experiment remove barrier layer to
stuff permeable interbed of pressed sands into cell. Fed oil of
1200ml into the model is up to saturate fully. Displacement oil
pressure difference changes in the range from 1.17 to 4.68
kPa .
The experiment No.1C water-free oil production time is
127minutes; water-free oil production rate and terminal oil
production rate are 994.5ml and 1096ml respectively. The oil
recoveries of water-free and terminal are 82.9per cent and
91.3per cent. Experimental curve as Figs 11, 12 were
illustrated.
From the Fig.12 shown that the displacement pressure
difference changes with water cut to go up. The displacing
front of the shape of a saddle is to be formed; the dead oil
region is little than above experiment No.1B to 3B in the two
laterals of permeable interbed. In the displacement process is
not water crest to be formed. The development of
displacement front was shown in Figs.5a, 5b.
Experimental No.2C. Repeating above experiment and re-
saturated oil 625ml, increasing displacement pressure
difference is from 3.6 to 10.33 kPa , the horizontal well was
perforated 49 holes.
Experiment No.2C water-free oil production time is
37minutes; the oil production rate and the terminal oil
production rate are 432.5ml and 551.5ml respectively. Oil
recovery of water-free and terminal are 69.2per cent and
88.1per cent respectively. The experimental curves are drawn
in Figs.13, 14.
We should observe from Fig.14, the pressure difference of
displacement increases with water cut rising. The pressure
difference of displacement is lower than experiment No.1C.
The front of displacement crosses the permeable interbed
uniform to displace toward horizontal well, the displacing
front of the shape of a saddle is to be disappeared, the dead oil
region is a little than above No.1C in the two laterals of
permeable interbed. In the displacement process is not water
crest to form(Figs.6a, 6b).
Discussion
Experiment No.1A is a point displacement. The water-free oil
recovery is lower than other experiment in the research work
when horizontal well length and barrier strength are approach.
The horizontal well pressure difference should increase as
much as two times, recovery of water-free and terminal are
decrease 7.6 per cent and 10.9 per cent respectively under the
horizontal well length and barrier strength both are approach
and comparing experiment No.2B with 3B.
SPE 55995
There are different fluid mechanism between the barrier and
permeable interbed according to experiment observation. The
displacement front of development is well-distributed upward
movement under the permeable interbed. But the barrier
interbed displacement front of movement is to go round cell
of two laterals pushing toward horizontal well due to
displacement was affected by barrier interbed. It is found that
oil recovery maximum value of water-free and terminal are
greater 14.7 per cent and 14 per cent respectively after
compared the experiment No.1C and No.2C with the
experiment No.2B and No.3B.As long as displacement
pressure was increased , water-free oil recovery and terminal
recovery both are decreasing.
Same horizontal well length to increase pressure drawdown
about two times then terminal oil recovery to decline 3.14per
cent and water-free recovery percentage of reserves to decline
13.7per cent to the weak permeable interbed in the experiment
No.1C and No.2C.
A New Concept of Bottom Water Reservoir
Development with Horizontal Well
A new concept of bottom water reservoir development with
horizontal well was produced according to above several
experimental results. Due to conventional horizontal well
appear water crest and occurs breakthrough into oil well is a
sooner or later thing. But barrier layer and permeable interbed
both are different shape of displacement front to compare with
conventional well. It is found that the water crest forms
relative slowly and water breakthrough time later in those
experiments. Therefore, drilling other horizontal well nearly
water-oil contact as a special horizontal well for the water
control of bottom water reservoir of development and
production of horizontal well. This method is to use
mutillateral well technology to drill a horizontal well in the oil
layer and to drill other horizontal nearly water-oil contact. The
two horizontal wells axis line of length must keep vertical
between the connected line of two wells axes. Build up a
manual interlayer performed to squeeze cement and other
chemical shutoff agent into the special horizontal well for
water control (Fig.15). The method is suitable also vertical
well development and production under the bottom water
reservoir, the well would drill across oil layer up to initial
water-oil contact, sealed upper layer with packer then to inject
shutoff material into target shutoff layer. Forming manual
interbed between the water layer and oil layer comes up to a
purpose of improvement oil recovery.
Conclusions
The bottom water of barrier layer and permeable interbed by
mean of above experiments have been observed. The flow
mechanism of bottom water breakthrough into oil well under
horizontal well of barrier layer and permeable interbed was
studied. We obtained conclusions as following:
1.The point drive water-free recovery percentage of reserves
SPE 55995THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF BOTTOM WATER RESERVIORS WITH BARRIER AND PERMEABLE
INTERBED ON HORIZONTAL WELL 5

and terminal oil recovery both are lower than bottom water
displacement when the horizontal well length and barrier
strength are equal.
2.The barrier layer was configured in the physical model,
water-free oil production rate and terminal oil recovery are
lower under the production pressure difference was increased.
3.The point displacement is not better than the displacement
of bottom water, and there is no phenomenal of water cresting
to the permeable interbed, and result in water-free recovery
percentage of reserves and terminal oil recovery both are
enhancement.
4.The weak permeable interbed had high water-free recovery
percentage of reserves and terminal oil recovery. The bottom
water reservoir of weak permeable interbed and barrier layer
both should develop to mitigate water cresting and prolong
bottom water breakthrough into oil well in the some degrees
respectively.
5. A concept of new development of multilateral well to build
up manual barrier layer has been established through those
experiments. Perhaps, the method will become into new
technology of water control for the horizontal well in the
future.
6. Producing well should be considered to drill nearly
reservoir top and injecting well nearly water-oil contact in
order to obtained maximum oil recovery.
rcf = radius of field casing, mm
n = perforation number of field casing , holes/m
Acknowledgments
We thank Mr.Jiang Zhixiang, Wang Jialu, Liu Ming of RIPED
for our experiment studies of physical simulation.
References
1. P.Permadi , R.L.Lee , R.S.T.Kartoatmodjo. "Behavior of
Water Cresting Under Horizontal Well", SPE30743,1995
2. R.M.Butler, Q.Jiang. "Effect of Gravity on Movement of
Water-oil Interface for Bottom Water Driving Upwards
to a Horizontal Well". JCPT, Sept. 1996, Vol.35, No.7
3. P.Permadi, E.Gustiawan, D.Abdassah. "Water Cresting
and Oil Recovery by Horizontal Well in the Presence of
Impermeable Streaks", SPE/DOE 35440, 1996
4. Dou Hongen. "Technology Study for Water Cresting
Control of Development and Production of Bottom Water
Reservoir with the Horizontal Well", Ph.D Dissertation,
Graduate School of RIPED,CNPC, Beijing, China. June,
1998
5. Joshi, S.D. "Augmentation of Well Productivity with
Slant and Horizontal Wells", JPT June,1988 P729

Nomenclature SI Metric Conversion Factors

cp 1.0 E-03=Pas
rhf = perforation radius of field casing ,mm ft 3.048 E-01=m
rce = radius of experimental casing, mm md 9.894 233 E-04= m
2

rhe = perforation radius of experimental casing, mm psi 6.894 757 E+00=kPa

400m

Horizontal well
Barrier Layer 200m 300m

10m
250m
700mm

Fig1 Schematic of experimental setup

Fig.2 Configuration of the barrier layer or permeable

interbed
6 HONGEN DOU, CHANGZHI GUAN, SHENGJIANG LIAN SPE 55995

1200
Qo ml,Qw ml,Ql ml
1000 C u m u l.O il R a te Q o m l
800
C u m u l W a te r R a te Q w m l
600
400 C u m u l.L iq u id Q l m l
200
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
T im e m in

Fig3-No.1A Relative curve of cumul. oil rate, cumul.water rate and cumul.liquid rate with time

120
dP KPa,Wc %

100 P r e s s . D if f e r e n c e d P K P a

80
W a te r C u t W c %
60

40

20

0
0 100 200 300 400 500
T im e m in

Fig.4-No.1A Relative curve of press.difference and water cut with time

Qo ml,Qw ml,Ql ml

1200
1000 C u m u l. O il R a t e Q o m l
C u m u l. W a t e r R a t e Q w m l
800
C u m u l. L iq u id R a t e Q l m l
600
400
200
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
T im e m in

Fig5-No.1B Relative curve of cumul. oil rate, cumul.water rate and cumul.liquid rate with time

120
dP KPa,Wc%

P re s s .D iffe re n c e d P K P a
100
80 W a te r C u t W c %

60
40
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
T im e m in

Fig.6 No.1B Relative curve of press.difference and water cut with time
SPE 55995THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF BOTTOM WATER RESERVIORS WITH BARRIER AND PERMEABLE
INTERBED ON HORIZONTAL WELL 7

1400

Qo ml,Qw ml,Ql ml
1200 C u m u l. O il R a t e Q o m l

1000 C u m u l. W a t e r R a t e Q w m l
800
C u m u l. L iq u id Q l m l
600
400
200
0
0 50 100 150 200 250

T im e m in

Fig.7-2B Relative curve of cumul. oil rate, cumul.water rate and cumul.liquid rate with time
120
P r e s s . D if f e r e n c e d P K P a
dP KPa,Wc %

100 W a te r C u t W c %

80

60

40

20

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
T im e m in

Fig.8 No.2B Relative curve of press.difference and water cut with time

1600
Qo ml,Qw ml,Ql ml

1400 C u m u l.O il R a t e Q o m l
1200
1000 C u m u l.W a t e r R a t e Q w m l
800
600 C u m u l.L iq u id R a t e Q l m l
400
200
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
T im e m in

Fig9- No.3B Relative curve of cumul. oil rate, cumul.water rate and cumul.liquid rate with time
dP KPa,Wc %

120
Press.Difference dP KPa
100
80 Water Cut Wc %
60
40
20
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
T ime min

Fig.10 No.3B Relative curve of press.difference and water cut with time
8 HONGEN DOU, CHANGZHI GUAN, SHENGJIANG LIAN SPE 55995

Qo ml,Qw ml,Ql
2000
Cumul.Oil Rate Qo ml
1500
Cumul.Water Rate Qw ml
1000
Cumul.Liquid Rate Ql ml
500

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time min

Fig11-No.1C Relative curve of cumul. oil rate, cumul.water rate and cumul.liquid rate with time

120
dP Kpa,Wc %

100 P r e s s . D if f e r e n c e d P K P a

80 W a te r C u t W c %
60
40
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
T im e m in

Fig.12-No.1C Relative curve of press.difference and water cut with time

1750
C u m u l.O il R a te Q o m l
Qo ml,Qw ml,Ql ml

1500
1250 C u m u l.W te r R a t e Q w m l
1000
750 C u m u l.L iq u id R a t e Q l m l
500
250
0
0 25 50 75 100 125
T im e m in

Fig13-No.2C Relative curve of cumul. oil rate, cumul.water rate and cumul.liquid rate with time

125
dP KPa,Wc %

P ress.D ifference dP K P a
100

75 W ater C ut W c %

50

25

0
0 25 50 75 100 125
T ime min

Fig.14 No.2C Relative curve of press.difference and water cut with time
SPE 55995THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF BOTTOM WATER RESERVIORS WITH BARRIER AND PERMEABLE
INTERBED ON HORIZONTAL WELL 9

Fig.5a-No.1C Displacement with permeable interbed

Fig.3a-No.1A Point displacement

Fig.3b-No.1A Middle Process of Point displacement Fig.5b-No.1C Middle process of displacement with
permeable interbed

Fig.6a-No.2C Displacement with permeable interbed

Fig.3c-No.1A End of point displacement

cm

Fig.6b-No.2C End of displacement with permeable

Fig.4a-No.1B Displacement with Barrier layer interbed

Fig.4b-No.2B Displacement with Barrier layer

10 HONGEN DOU, CHANGZHI GUAN, SHENGJIANG LIAN SPE 55995

water control tubing strings

production tubing string

blanking plug
Pump
horizontal well of water
control

Packer manual barrier layer

horizontal well of oil

production

Fig.15 special horizontal well of water control under the bottom water reservoir