MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.

Archara Pacheenburawana 1

Extra Problems: Chapter 1

1. In each of the following answer true if the statement is always true and false
otherwise in the space provided.

(a) If the reduced row-echelon form of the augmented matrix for a linear system
has a row of zeros, then the system must have infinitely many solutions.
Answer False
(b) If A is in row-echelon form, then [A | b] is in row-echelon form.
Answer False
(c) If A is a square matrix, then the system Ax = b has no free variable.
Answer False
(d) A linear system with more unknowns than equations always has infinitely
many solutions.
Answer False
(e) If A is upper triangular and Bij is the matrix that results when the ith row
and jth column of A are deleted, then Bij is upper triangular if i < j.
Answer True
(f) If A = [aij ] is nn matrix such that AT = A, then ajj = 0 for j = 1, 2, . . . , n.
Answer True
(g) If A is upper triangular, then AT is lower triangular.
(h) If the product AB is defined and AB = 0, then A or B is zero matrix.
(i) If A and B are invertible, then AB T is also invertible.
(j) If A is an invertible matrix and B is row equivalent to A, then B is also
invertible.
Answer True
(k) If R is reduced row-echelon form of A, then there is an invertible matrix B
such that BA = R.
(l) If A and B are m n matrices, then B is row equivalent to A if and only if
A and B have the same reduced row-echelon form.
Answer True
(m) The product of two elementary matrices is an elementary matrix.
(n) A is invertible if and only if the reduced row-echelon from of A is identity
matrix.
(o) Let A be an n n matrix and let x and y be vectors in Rn . If Ax = Ay and
x 6= y, then the matrix A must not be invertible.
Answer True
(p) If A has an LU factorization, then the LU factors are uniquely determined.

2. In each of the following fill the correct answer in the space provided.
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 2

(a) Determine the value(s) of h such that the matrix is the augmented matrix of
a consistent linear system.
 
1 3 h
2 6 5

Answer h = 5/2
(b) Which of the following matrices are in reduced row-echelon form?

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
(i) 0 0 1 (ii) 0 0 0 (iii) 0 0 1 (iv) 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Answer (i) and (iii)
(c) Which of the following matrices are in reduced row-echelon form?

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 3
(i) 0 0 (ii) 0 0 0 (iii) 0 0 1 1 (iv) 0 1 2 0 3
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
Answer (i), (ii), and (iv)
(d) Which of the following matrices are in reduced row-echelon form?

1 2 0 0 1 0
1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
(i) 0 0 4
(ii) 0 1
0 0 (iii)
0 0 0 0 0

1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
Answer (ii) and (iii)
(e) Determine whether the following matrices are in row-echelon form, reduced
row-echelon form, both, or neither.

0 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 1
A= 0 0 0 0 1 4 B = 0 0
(c) C =
0

0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
D = 0 0 1 8 E = 0 0 1 1 (c) F = 0 0 0 0
0 1 4 9 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0

0 1 0 7
0 0 0 0
(f) Let A =
1
. Find the reduced row-echelon form of A.
0 0 0
0 0 2 2

0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0

1
(g) Let A = 0 0 1 0 . Find the reduced row-echelon form of A.
0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 1 0
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 3

(h) Consider a linear system whose augmented matrix is of the form

1 2 1 0
2 5 3 0
1 1 0

For what values of will the system have infinitely many solutions?
Answer = 2
(i) Find all values of k for which the system of equation

kx + y = 1
x + ky = 1

has infinitely many solutions.

Answer k = 1
(j) Find all values of for which the system of equation

1 0 x1 3
0 1 1 x2 = 4
0 1 x3 7

has a unique solution.

Answer 6= 1
(k) For what values of b and g will the system have infinitely many solutions?

2x + by = 16
4x + 8y = g

Answer b = 4, g = 32
(l) Determine the condition of a and b such that the system below is inconsis-
tent.

6x + 3y = a
2x y = b

(m) Find all values of for which the system of equation

( 3)x + y = 0
x + ( 3)y = 0

has nontrivial solutions.

Answer = 2, 4
 
2 1 2
(n) Let p(x) = 2x 3x + 4 and A = . Find p(A).
0 3
 
9 2
Answer
0 13
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 4

(o) Find the matrix A such that

x x+z
A y = 0
z yz

for all choices of x, y, and z?

1 0 1
Answer A = 0 0 0
0 1 1

x xz
(p) Find the matrix A such that A y = 0 for all choices of x, y, and z?
z y+z

1 0 1
Answer A = 0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 2 1
1 3 0 2 2 1 2
1 1 0
0 1 1 0 3 2 1 2 0 1
(q) Let A =
1
and B = .
2 1 0 1 3
3 1 0
2
2 5 3 7 0 1 0 2 3 1
1 1 2 3
Find the third row of AB.
 
Answer 7 5 1 10
(r) Given the following matrices
   
3 2 1 2 1
A= and C = .
1 0 2 1 3

Find tr(C 2 + AAT ).

Answer 30
(s) Find all values of a and b such that A and B are singular.
   
a+b1 0 5 0
A= , B=
0 3 0 2a 3b 7

Answer a = 2, b = 1
   
5 1 2 1
(t) If A = , then A = 1
. Use the given information to find
9 2 9 5
(2AT )1 .
 
1 2 9
Answer
2 1 5
 
2 3
(u) If (3A) =
1
, then find A.
1 1
   1 
1 1 3 2 1
Answer A = = 1
3 1 2 3
32
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 5
 
3 x
(v) Find all values of x such that A1 = A when A = .
2 3
Answer x = 4
 1  
2x 7 2 7
(w) Find all values of x such that = .
1 2 1 4
Answer x = 2
 
1 3
1
(x) Given A = . Find the matrix X such that X T + 2I2 = A.
2 5
 
7 2
Answer X =
3 3
3. In each of the following fill the correct answer in the space provided.

(a) A square matrix A is symmetric if AT = A. Find a nonzero 3 3 matrix A

such that A is symmetric.
(b) A square matrix A is symmetric if AT = A. Determine whether kA is
symmetric for any scalar k.
(c) A square matrix A is called skew-symmetric if AT = A. If A and B are
skew-symmetric n n matrices, determine whether A + B is skew-symmetric.
Answer Yes.
(d) Solve the equation C 1 (A X)B 1 = I for X, assuming that A, B, and C
are all n n invertible matrices.
Answer X = CB A
(e) Let
1 2 4 1 2 4
A = 2 1 3 and B = 0 3 5 .
2 2 6 2 2 6
Find an elementary matrix E such that EA = B.

1 0 0
Answer E = 2 1 0
0 0 1
(f) Find an elementary matrix E such that EA = B, where

1 1 2 1 1 2
A = 2 3 1 and B = 2 3 1 .
0 4 5 10 19 0

(g) Find an elementary matrix E such that EA = B, where

8 7 5 2 3 3
A = 2 3 1 and B = 2 3 1 .
3 2 1 3 2 1

1 0 2
Answer 0 1 0
0 0 1
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 6

(h) Find an elementary matrix E such that EA = B, where

1 2 5 1 2 5
A = 1 3 4 B = 1 3 4 .
5 1 2 3 3 8

(i) Given

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
A = 1 1 3 2 and B = 1 1 3 2 .
2 1 0 4 0 5 6 4

Find an elementary matrix E such that EA = B.

 
2 1
(j) Let A = . Write A as a product of elementary matrices.
6 4
2 0 1 0 1 12
   
Answer A =
0 1 6 1 0 1
(k) Let E be an elementary matrix such that EA = B, where

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
A= 0 1 2 1
and B = 0 1 2 1 .
0 3 1 4 0 0 7 7

Find E 1 .
1 0 0
Answer E 1 = 0 1 0
0 3 1
(l) Let E be an elementary matrix such that EA = B, where

1 3 1 5 1 3 1 5
A = 0 1 4 2 and B = 0 1 4 2 .
0 2 5 1 0 0 3 5

Find E 1 .
1 0 0
Answer E 1 = 0 1 0
0 2 1

2 c c
(m) Find two values of c such that A = c c c is singular.
8 7 c
Answer 0 or 2 or 7

1 0 1
(n) Find all values of a 6= 0 such that A = 1 a 0 is noninvertible.
0 1 2
1
Answer a =
2
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 7
   
2 1 1 1 2
(o) Find matrix X such that X= .
5 3 3 1 0
 
0 4 6
Answer
1 7 10
   
1 2 1 2 1
(p) If A = and AB = , determine the matrix B.
2 5 6 9 3
   
1 2 3 4 1
(q) If A = and AB = , then find B.
0 2 0 2 5
 
7 8 1
Answer B =
4 5 1

1 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 1

1
(r) Let A = 0 0 3 0. Evaluate 2 A .

0 0 0 4

1 0 0 0 0 1
(s) Given A = 0 1 2 and B = 0 1 0. Evaluate (AB)1 .
0 0 1 1 0 0
(t) Find x, y, and z such that
1
1 3 0 4 3 4
2 5 1 = x 1 1 .
3 9 1 y z 1
Answer x = 1, y = 3, z = 0
(u) Let
a1 a2 a3 0 1 1
A = a4 a5 a6 and A1 = 5 3 1 .
a7 a8 a9 3 2 1
Solve the following system
a1 x + a2 y + a3 z = 1
a4 x + a5 y + a6 z = 3
a7 x + a8 y + a9 z = 2
Answer x = 1, y = 2, z = 1
(v) What conditions must b1 and b2 satisfy in order for the system of equations
3x1 12x2 = b1
x1 + 4x2 = b2
to be consistent?
4. Solve the following system by Gaussian elimination with back substitution.
x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + 3x4 = 4
2x1 + 4x2 + x3 + 3x4 = 5
3x1 + 6x2 + x3 + 4x4 = 7
Answer x1 = 2 2s t, x2 = s, x3 = 1 t, x4 = t
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 8

5. Solve the following system by Gaussian elimination with back substitution.

w + x + 2y + z = 1
wx y+z = 0
x+ y = 1
w+x +z = 2

6. Solve the given system of equations using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

x1 + 2x2 3x3 + x4 = 1
x1 x2 + 4x3 x4 = 6
2x1 4x2 + 7x3 x4 = 1

Answer x1 = 2 6s, x2 = 4 + s, x3 = 3 s, x4 = s

7. Solve the given system of equations using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

x1 + 2x2 + x3 x4 = 2
x1 + x2 + x3 = 3
3x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 2x4 = 1

Answer x1 = 1 t, x2 = 2, x3 = t, x4 = 3

8. Solve the given system of equations using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

x1 + x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = 12
2x1 x2 5x3 7x4 = 19
x1 x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = 5

Answer x1 = 1 3t, x2 = 2 t, x3 = 3, x4 = t

9. Solve the given system of equations using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

x1 + 2x2 3x3 + x4 = 2
3x1 x2 2x3 4x4 = 1
2x1 + 3x2 5x3 + x4 = 3

Answer x1 = s + t, x2 = 1 + s t, x3 = s, x4 = t

10. Solve the given system of equations using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

2x1 x2 x4 = 0
x2 2x3 + x4 = 1
4x1 + x2 6x3 + x4 = 3
1
Answer x1 = 2
+ s, x2 = 1 + 2s t, x3 = s, x4 = t
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 9

11. Solve the following system by Gauss-Jordan elimination.

x1 + 2x2 x3 + 3x4 + x5 = 2
x1 2x2 + x3 x4 + 3x5 = 4
2x1 + 4x2 2x3 + 6x4 + 3x5 = 6

Answer x1 = 3 2s + t, x2 = s, x3 = t, x4 = 1, x5 = 2

12. Solve the given system of equations using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

x1 3x2 + 4x3 3x4 + 2x5 = 5

3x1 7x2 + 8x3 5x4 + 8x5 = 9
3x2 6x3 + 6x4 + 4x5 = 5

Answer x1 = 24 + 2s 3t, x2 = 7 + 2s 2t, x3 = s, x4 = t, x5 = 4

13. Solve the given system of equations using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = 5

2x1 + 5x2 + 7x3 + 11x4 = 12
x2 + x3 + 4x4 = 3

Answer x1 = 3 t, x2 = 1 t, x3 = t, x4 = 1

14. Consider the system of equations

x + 3y + z =
2x + y + z = 1
2x + 3y + 4z = 3

(a) What conditions must and satisfy in order for

i. the system has exactly one solution
ii. the system has no solutions.
iii. the system has infinitely many solutions.
(b) Solve this system when = 0 and = 7.

15. A square matrix A is symmetric if AT = A. Show that A + AT is symmetric.

16. Let
2 1 3
A = 4 1 3
2 5 5
and R be the reduced row-echelon form of A. Find the elementary matrices E1 ,
E2 , . . ., Ek such that Ek Ek1 E2 E1 A = R.

17. Let
1 1 2
A = 1 0 1 .
2 1 3
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 10

Find the elementary matrices E1 , E2 , E3 , and E4 such that

E4 E3 E2 E1 A = Ar

where Ar is the reduced row-echelon form of A.

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
Answer E1 = 1 1 0 , E2 =
0 1 0 , E3 = 0 1 0 , E4 =
0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 1 1

1 0 1
Ar = 0 1 1
0 0 0
18. Let
1 0 3 1
A = 1 2 1 1 .
1 1 1 0
Find the elementary matrices E1 , E2 , E3 , and E4 such that

E4 E3 E2 E1 A = Ar

where Ar is the reduced row-echelon form of A.

1 0 1
19. Let A = 1 1
0. Find the elementary matrices E1 , E2 , E3 , and E4 such that
0 1 0

E4 E3 E2 E1 A = AR

where AR is the reduced row-echelon form of A.

20. Let
0 0 2 2 2
A = 1 1 0 3 4 .
4 4 2 14 14
Find the elementary matrices E1 , E2 , . . ., Ek1 , Ek such that

Ek Ek1 E2 E1 A = R

where R is the reduced row-echelon form of A.

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Answer E1 = 1 0 0 , E2 = 0 1
0 , E3 = 0 12 0 , E4 = 0 1 0
0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1

1 1 0 3 4
R= 0 0 1
1 1
0 0 0 0 0
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 11

21. Let
0 1 7 8 2
A= 1 3 3 8 1
2 5 1 8 0
Find the elementary matrices E1 , E2 , E3 and E4 such that

E4 E3 E2 E1 A = R

where R is the reduced row-echelon form of A.

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Answer E1 = 1 0 0 , E2 = 0 1 0 , E3 = 0 1 0 ,
0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1

1 3 0 1 0 18 16 5
E4 = 0 1 0 , R = 0 1 7 8 2
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
22. Let
1 0 2 0 3
A = 2 0 4 2 10 .
0 1 2 2 1
Find the elementary matrices E1 , E2 , E3 and E4 such that

E4 E3 E2 E1 A = R

where R is the reduced row-echelon form of A.

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Answer E1 = 2 1 0 , E2 = 0 0 1 , E3 = 0 1 0 ,
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 12

1 0 0 1 0 2 0 3
E4 = 0 1 2 , R = 0 1 2 0 3
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2
23. Let
1 2 2 7 0
A= 0 0 0 0 3 .
2 4 3 12 0
Find the elementary matrices E1 , E2 , E3 and E4 such that

E4 E3 E2 E1 A = R

where R is the reduced row-echelon form of A.

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0
Answer E1 = 0 1 0 , E2 = 0 0 1 , E3 = 0 1 0 ,
2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 1 2 0 3 0
E4 = 0 1 0 , R = 0 0 1 2 0

0 0 31 0 0 0 0 1
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 12

24. Let
0 1 2 1 0
A = 1 0 1 0 1 .
2 1 0 0 3
Find the elementary matrices E1 , E2 , E3 and E4 such that

E4 E3 E2 E1 A = R

where R is the reduced row-echelon form of A.

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Answer E1 = 1 0 0 , E2 = 0 1 0 , E3 = 0 1 0 ,
0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
E4 = 0 1 1 , R = 0 1 2 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

3 0 1
25. Given a matrix A = 0 2 1. Find
1 0 0

(a) A1 .
(b) Elementary matrices whose the product is A.

26. Find the inverse of A by using Gauss-Jordan elimination, where

2 5 4
A = 1 4 3 .
1 3 2

2 1 2
27. Let A = 3
2 2 . Find A1 by using Gauss-Jordan elimination.
5 4 3

0 2 1
28. Let A = 1
1 2 . Find A1 by Gauss-Jordan elimination.
2 1 3
29. Let
a1 a2 a3 1 2 3
A = a4 a5 a6 and A1 = 1 1 1 .
a7 a8 a9 2 1 0
Solve the following system

a1 x + a2 y + a3 z = 2
a4 x + a5 y + a6 z = 1
a7 x + a8 y + a9 z = 3
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 13

30. Consider the system of linear equations Ax = b where

1 2 2 x1 5
A = 1 1
0 , x = x2 , and b = 1 .

1 1 1 x3 5

(a) Find A1 by using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

(b) Solve the system Ax = b using A1 .

1 4 2
Answer (a) A1 = 1 3 2 (b) x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 4
0 1 1

1 1 1
31. Let A = 2 3 4.
0 1 3

(a) Find A1 by using Gauss-Jordan elimination.

(b) Solve the following system using A1 .

(i) x + y + z = 3 (ii) x+ y+ z = 1
2x + 3y + 4z = 2 2x + 3y + 4z = 4
y + 3z = 1 y + 3z = 2
Answer (a) x1 = 10, x2 = 10, x3 = 3 (b) x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 0
32. (a) Find A1 by using Gauss-Jordan elimination when

1 1 1
A = 1 2 2
1 2 3

(b) Solve the following systems using matrix inversion.

(i) x1 + x2 + x3 = 2 (ii) x1 + x2 + x3 = 1
x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = 1 x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = 1
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 1 x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 0

2 1 0
Answer (a) A1 = 1 2 1
0 1 1
(b) (i) x1 = 5, x2 = 5, x3 = 2 (ii) x1 = 3, x2 = 3, x3 = 1
33. Solve the following two systems of linear equations by applying the method of
Gauss-Jordan elimination.

(a) x1 x2 + 3x3 = 8 (b) x1 x2 + 3x3 = 0

2x1 x2 + 4x3 = 11 2x1 x2 + 4x3 = 1
x1 + 2x2 4x3 = 11 x1 + 2x2 4x3 = 2
Answer (a) x1 = 1, x2 = 1, x3 = 2 (b) x1 = 0, x2 = 3, x3 = 1
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 14

34. Solve the following two systems of linear equations by applying the method of
Gauss-Jordan elimination.

(a) y + z = 3 (b) y + z = 6
xyz = 0 xyz = 0
x z = 3 x z = 9
35. Solve the following two systems of linear equations by applying the method of
Gauss-Jordan elimination.

(a) x y + 2z = 3 (b) x y + 2z = 1
x + 2y z = 3 x + 2y z = 4
2y 2z = 1 2y 2z = 2
Answer (a) No solution (b) x1 = 2 s, x2 = 1 + s, x3 = s

36. Use Gauss-Jordan method to solve the following systems of linear equations.

2 10 12 16 w 42
0 1 2 2 x 4
(a)
2 11
=
11 0 y 43
1 2 6 6 z 5

2 10 12 16 w 28
0 1 2 2 x 3
(b) 2 11
=
11 0 y 19
1 2 6 6 z 1

37. Solve the following systems using matrix inversion. (Hint: First, find A1 .)

(a) x1 + x3 = 2 (b) x1 + x3 = 1
x1 x2 = 1 x1 x2 = 3
2x2 + x3 = 1 2x2 + x3 = 2
38. Solve the following systems using matrix inversion.

(a) x1 + x3 = 1 (b) x1 + x3 = 3
3x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 0 3x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 2
2x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 1 2x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 1
Answer (a) x1 = 4, x2 = 0, x3 = 3 (b) x1 = 4, x2 = 6, x3 = 7

39. Solve the following systems using matrix inversion.

(a) x1 + 2x2 x3 = 1 (b) x1 + 2x2 x3 = 0

x2 + x3 = 2 x2 + x3 = 3
x1 + 4x2 2x3 = 1 x1 + 4x2 2x3 = 2
Answer (a) x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 4 (b) x1 = 2, x2 = 1, x3 = 4
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 15

40. Solve the following systems using matrix inversion.

(a) x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 2 (b) x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 1

x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 1 x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 0
2x1 + 4x2 + 7x3 = 3 2x1 + 4x2 + 7x3 = 2
Answer (a) x1 = 13, x2 = 4, x3 = 1 (b) x1 = 23, x2 = 5, x3 = 4

41. Solve the following systems using matrix inversion.

(a) x1 x2 = 2 (b) x1 x2 = 1
x1 + x2 + x3 = 1 x1 + x2 + x3 = 2
x2 + x3 = 3 x2 + x3 = 2
Answer (a) x1= 8, x2 = 6, x3 = 3 (b) x1 = 2, x2 = 1, x3 = 1

1 2 1
42. Express A = 2
1 1 as LU-decomposition.
2 1 1

1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4
43. Find an LU-decomposition of A = 1 3 6 10.

1 4 10 20

1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3
Answer A =
1 2 1 0 0 0 1 3

1 3 3 1 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1
1 2 2 2
44. Find an LU-decomposition of A = 1 2 3 3.

1 2 3 4

1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
Answer A =
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

1 2 3 4
2 3 4 5
45. Find an LU-decomposition of A = 1
.
4 8 12
0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4
2 1 0 0 0 1 2 3
Answer A =
1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2

0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 16

1 2 3 4
1 0 1 2
46. Find an LU-decomposition of A = 1 0 0 0.

1 0 0 2

1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4
1 2 0 0 0 1 2 3

Answer A = 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2
1 2 1 2 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1
47. Find an LU-decomposition of A = 3 1
.
2 2
4 3 5 8

1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
2 3 0 0 0 1 1 1
Answer A =
3 2 1 0 0 0 1 1

4 1 2 3 0 0 0 1

1 2 1 1 3
0 2 4 2 2
48. Find an LU-decomposition of A = 1 0 2 2 1.

1 2 0 1 3

1 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 3
0 1 0 0 0 2 4 2 2

Answer A = 1 1

1 0 0 0 5 1 0
1 0 1/5 1 0 0 0 11/2 0

1 2 3 4
2 2 2 2
49. Find an LU-decomposition of A = 1
.
1 2 3
0 1 4 5

1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4
2 2 0 0 0 1 2 3
Answer A =
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2

0 1 2 2 0 0 0 1
50. Solve the following system of linear equations by using an LU-decomposition.
2x1 + x2 x3 = 1
4x1 + x2 4x3 = 2
2x1 x2 2x3 = 2

51. Solve the following system of linear equations by using an LU-decomposition.

x + 4y + 2z + 3w = 2
x + 2y + z = 2
z + 4w = 2
2x + 6y + 3z + w = 2
MA131 (Section 750002): Prepared by Asst.Prof.Dr.Archara Pacheenburawana 17

52. Solve the following system of linear equations by using an LU-decomposition.

2x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 1

6x1 + 8x2 + 10x3 = 4
2x1 4x2 3x3 = 0

53. The LU-decomposition of a matrix A is given as follows:

1 0 0 1 2 3
L = 2 1 0 and U = 0 1 2
3 1 2 0 0 1

(a) Write down the sequence of row operations which takes A to U when per-
forming Gaussian elimination.

x1 1
(b) Solve the system Ax = b where x = x2 , b = 2 by using an LU-
x3 3
decomposition.
1
Answer (a) r2 + 2 r1 , r3 3r1 , r3 r2 , 2
r3 (b) x1 = 9, x2 = 8, x3 = 2