194-202
The paper shows that RO/RO ships can be as safe in the damaged condition as other ship types without
restricting their design features, i.e., with no transverse and/or horizontal subdivision within the cargo
space liable to damage, if there are provisions for reserve buoyancy above the vehicle deck--the first deck
above the deepest waterline. For this purpose, these ships should embody a double hull over the entire
length of the cargo part of the ship, terminated at the second deck above the waterline and, in addition,
double decks at least the first deck above the waterline, preferably inclined upwards in the longitudinal
direction. The double hull and double decks should be sufficiently densely subdivided by watertight bulk-
heads into watertight compartments, the former preferably cross-connected and of a breadth less than B/5.
Cargo spaces below the double decks should be provided with efficient air escapes for removing air
cushions from the undersides of the decks. A deck (or decks) if any, below the first deck above the
waterline, along with this deck should be designed as opened to the passage of flooding water, incorpo-
rating efficient down-flooding arrangements.
DECK4 I
DECK4 I
DECK3 i 'I
.l DECK3
DECK2 Ji 1 ) DECK2
",/1 .... ! ["v !
J~ DECK1 i
>-<
Fig. 1 A typical but extremely dangerous subdivision found on large RO/RO Fig.2 A typical subdivision arrangement for RO/RO ships based on the concept
ships, influenced by the SOLAS Convention of deep-sinkage-after-flooding
Fig. 4 An example of subdivision on a large RO/RO ship based on the extended double-shell concept. Note the 1 m rise at the forward end of the main deck
Tank capacities
References
H e a v y fuel oil 1450 m3
1. Spouge, J. R., '~The Technical Investigation of the Sinking of the
RO/RO Ferry European Gateway," RINA Transactions, Vol. 128, 1986, Diesel oil 350 m3
pp. 49-72: also in: The Naval Architect, March 1986, ibid. L u b r i c a t i n g oil 60 ma
2. Resolution MSC 19(58) on the adoption of amendments to the 1974 Fresh water 250 ma
SOLAS Convention regarding subdivision and damage stability of dry Water ballast 10 000 ma
cargo ships, London, 1990, 13 pp.
3. Pawlowski, M. and Winkle, I.E., "Capsize Resistance Through Antiheeling, stabilizing tanks 1050 ma
Flooding--A New Approach to RO/RO Safety," Proceedings, 9th Int. Conf.
on through Transport using Roll-on/Roll-off Methods, RO-RO '88, Gothen- Type of vessel
burg, June 1988, BML, pp. 250-261.
4. Grochowalski, S. and Pawlowski, M., "The Safety of RO/RO Vessels Innovative, highly automated, multipurpose, double-
in the Light of the Probabilistic Concept for Standardizing Unsinkabil- s k i n n e d , i c e - s t r e n g t h e n e d B a l t i c combi RO/RO c a r r i e r (Fig.
ity," International Shipbuilding Progress, Vol. 28, No. 319, March 1981,
pp. 63-72. 6) d e s i g n e d for c a r r i a g e of p a s s e n g e r s a n d cargoes s u c h as
5. Pawlowski, M., Bezpieezefistwo niezatapialnogciowe statkow p a p e r , t i m b e r p r o d u c t s , roll t r a i l e r s , t r a n s f l a t s , c o n t a i n e r s ,
ISafety of ships in the damaged condition), Journal of Tech. Univ. of cars, lorries, chilled f r u i t i n t h e l o w e s t hold; 93 T E U c a n b e
Gdafisk Budownictwo Okr~towe, No. 42/392. Gdatisk 1985, 132 pp. c a r r i e d on t h e f o u r t h deck; t h e v e s s e l is d e s i g n e d for f u t u r e
6. Vassalos, D.. "Capsizal Resistance Prediction of a Damaged Ship in
a Random Sea," Proceedings, RINA Syrup. on RO/RO Ship's Survivability: i n s t a l l a t i o n of a b o u t 510 m of r a i l w a y t r a c k s on t h e s e c o n d
Phase 2, RINA, London, Nov. 1994, paper No. 2, 15 pp., also in: RINA deck; t w i n - p r o p e l l e r v e s s e l w i t h t w i n - s k e g t r a n s o m s t e r n ,
Transactions, Vol. 138, 1995, 20 pp. r a k e d s t e r n , b u l b o u s bow, two bow a n d two s t e r n t h r u s t e r s ,
7. Vassalos, D., Pawlowski. M., and Turan, O., "A Theoretical Inves- four cargo decks, all cargo decks free of a n y pillars, five-tier
tigation on the Capsizal Resistance of Passenger/RO/RO Vessels and Pro-
posal of Survival Criteria," Final Report, Task 5, The North West Euro- s u p e r s t r u c t u r e , two h i g h - l i f t J a s t r a m - t y p e r u d d e r s ; f i t t e d
pean R&D Project, March 1996. with antiheeling and stabilizing system.
8. Vassalos, D., Pawlowski, M., and Turan, O., "Criteria for Survival
in Damaged Condition," Proceedings, RINA Int. Sere. on the Safety of Class of vessel
Passenger RO-RO Vessels, RINA, London, June 1996, 15 pp. + 11 figures:
also in: "Dynamic Stability Assessment of Damaged Passenger RO/RO D e t N o r s k e V e r i t a s class n o t a t i o n
Ships and Proposal of Rational Survival Criteria," MARINETECHNOLOGY,
Vol. 34, No. 4, Oct. 1997, pp. 241-266. 1A1 CAR F E R R Y A E0, Ice 1A, corr, T M O N
9. Pawlowski. M. and Habina, Cz., "A RO-RO Vessel IStatek Typu C o n v e n t i o n s a n d r u l e s m e t b y t h e design:
ROFROI," Polish patent No. 167022 B1, published on 31.07.1995 at WUP SOLAS-74/89, I M O r e s o l u t i o n A265 (VIII) c o n c e r n i n g d a m -
07/95, Warsaw, 1995. The patent is ceased. age s t a b i l i t y , TON-69, C O L R E G - 7 2 , M A R P O L - 7 3 / 7 8 , LL-66,
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Coastal Service--A Breakthrough in Hull Design," Proceedings. 9th Int. ILO-92, r u l e s of Kiel, Suez a n d P a n a m a C a n a l A u t h o r i t i e s ,
Conf. on Through Transport using Roll-ordRoll-off Methods, RO/RO '88, ITU, I E C a n d F i n n i s h B o a r d of N a v i g a t i o n Rules, d a n g e r o u s
Gothenburg, June 1988, BML, pp. 101-119. cargoes a c c o r d i n g to I M D G code c a n be c a r r i e d o n t h e f o u r t h
11. Sen, P., PawIowski, M., and Wimalsiri, W. K., "RO/RO Cargo Ship deck a n d in t h e o p e n p a r t of t h e t h i r d deck (Class 1, 2, 3, 4,
Design for Enhanced Survivability in the Damaged Condition," Proceed-
ings, 9th Int. Symp. on Ship Hydromechanics, Gdafisk, Sept. 1991, Vol. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), w h i l e closed Decks No. 1, 2 a n d 3 a r e r e s t r i c t e d
II, 5 pp. to few classes of d a n g e r o u s goods.
12. Mustam/iki, E., "FG-Shipping's New Baltic Combi-RO/ROs--Large
3200 Lane-Metre Ships with Two-Level Stern Access and Passenger Ac- Cargo vessel equipment
commodation," Proceedings, 12th Int. Conf. & Exh. on Marine Transport
using Roll-on/Roll-off Methods RO/RO '94, Gi3teborg, April 1994, Vol. 2, Movable ramps
11 pp.
13. Boyce, J., "Finnhansa--A Luxurious RO-RO Vessel," Cruise & Two s t e r n h y d r a u l i c a l l y o p e r a t e d a n d b a t t e n e d c o m b i n e d
Ferry Info, No. 11/94, pp. 18-21. ramps:
14. Polish Built Finnhansa Leads a New Class of Baltic Safe/ - - o n e on t h e s e c o n d deck, l e n g t h 12.5 m, d r i v e w i d t h 21.65
Passenger Ferry," The Naval Architect, Jan. 1995, pp. E15-24. m, a n d h e i g h t 5.30 m;
15. Wilson, T., "Freight RO/ROs are Adapted to Meet Route Demands,"
Motor Ship, Jan. 1995, pp. 12-17. - - o n e on t h e t h i r d deck, l e n g t h 13,45 + 3 m, d r i v e w i d t h
9.0 m.
Fixed internal ramps
Appendix - - o n e c e n t r a l l y p o s i t i o n e d i n t e r n a l fixed r a m p b e t w e e n t h e
first a n d s e c o n d decks (drive w i d t h 4.40 m w i t h cover
p a n e l s , d r i v e h e i g h t 4.8 m);
C o m b i RO/RO B501/I t y p e b u i l t b y S t o c z n i a - - o n e s t a r b o a r d i n t e r n a l fixed r a m p b e t w e e n t h e s e c o n d
G d a f i s k a S.A. a n d t h i r d cargo decks w i t h d r i v e w i d t h 4.3 m;
- - o n e p o r t s i d e i n t e r n a l fixed r a m p b e t w e e n t h e t h i r d a n d
Main particulars f o u r t h d e c k s w i t h d r i v e w i d t h 4.2 m a n d h e i g h t 4.8 m.
L e n g t h , o.a. 183.00 m Engine room
Leng"ch, b,p. 171.30 m
Breadth, molded 28.70 m Main engine
D e p t h to b u l k h e a d deck 15.23 m Type Z g o d a - S u l z e r 8ZAL40S x 4
D e p t h to w e a t h e r deck 21.20/23.10 m MCR 5760 k W a t 510 r p m e a c h
D e p t h to m a i n deck 8.90 m SFOC 179 g / k W h + 5%
Scantling draft 7.40 m H F O viscosity 600 cSt a t 50C
Scantling deadweight 10 700 t Propeller two C P t y p e
Design draft 6.80 m Reduction gears 510/142 r p m x 2
tYtY/ l
3rd D E C K
,. " , 1st D E C K
, X
- I ~ ",
~ ~ ~ U B L E 8OTTOM
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