Job 3

To perform direct shear test on a plane steel bar and punching

shear test on steel plate
Objective:
To determine the shear strength of steel samples
Apparatus:
1. 10 ton Buckton UTM
2. Shear jigs
3. Vernier calipers
4. Steel bar
5. Steel plate
Related theory:
Shear force (V) :
A force which tends to slide one part of a section against the adjacent is known as
shear force.
Shear stress / tangential stress ( ):
It is the intensity of the internal forces on a plane area when the forces are acting
parallel to the section.

Avg. shear stress=

Note: A uniform shearing stress will exist when the resultant shear force passes
through the centroid of the cross section being sheared.
Types of shear stress:
1. Direct shear:
If the force applied is parallel to the area being sheared, then it is direct shear.
Following are the types of direct shear.
 Single shear:
Shear stress induced due to a force causing single area of cross section to be
sheared is called single shear.

Single shear stress =

/

Double shear:
Shear stress induced due to a force causing double area of cross section to be
sheared.

Double shear stress =

/

Punching shear:
Shear stress induced due to a force causing one part to be punched into the other.
Area being sheared is again parallel to applied load.

Punching shear stress =

2. Induced shear:
Shearing stress induced due to a force which acts at an angle to the area being
sheared.
Procedure:
1. Insert the specimen in position and grip one end of the attachment in the upper
portion and one end in the lower position
2. Switch on the UTM
3. Bring the drag indicator in contact with the main indicator.
4. Select the suitable range of loads and space the corresponding weight in the
pendulum and balance it if necessary with the help of small balancing weights
5. Operate (push) the button for driving the motor to drive the pump.
6. Gradually move the head control ever in left hand direction till the specimen
shears.
7. Note down the load at which the specimen shears.
8. Stop the machine and remove the specimen.
Repeat the experiment with other specimens.

Observations and calculations

For direct shear test on plane steel bar:
Shear load Diameter (d) Avg. Area Shear strength
(d)
(mm) (

) =

Tons N D1 D2 D3 mm mm2 MPa Psi

1.132 10074.8 6.50 6.55 6.70 6.58 34 296.3 42975
For punching shear test on a steel plate:
Shear load Diameter of Avg. Plate Shear Shear strength
jigs (d) (d) thickness area
=
(mm) (t) ( )
Tons N Upper Lower mm mm mm2 MPa Psi
jig jig
2.586 23015.4 14.90 15.20 15.05 2.10 99.29 231.79 33618.9