3.1 Corporate Environmental and Social Policies Formatted: Don't add space between paragraphs of the
same style, Don't keep with next, Don't keep lines together
Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) Safeguard Policy has adopted comprehensive
Health, Safety, Environment and Quality (HSEQ) and Sustainable Communities Policies.
3.2 Policy and Legal Framework Formatted: Don't keep with next, Don't keep lines together
Year of
No. Name of the Convention Formatted Table
ratification
Ramsar Convention (Convention on Wetlands of International
1 1971, 2005
Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat)
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
1973, 1979,
2 Fauna and Flora, Washington, D.C. (This convention was amended
1997
in Bonn, Germany)
3 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1985, 1993
Year of
No. Name of the Convention Formatted Table
ratification
Year of Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Name of the Convention Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
ratification
Formatted: Right -0.2 ch, No bullets or numbering
Ramsar Convention (Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Formatted Table
1 1971, 2005
Especially as Waterfowl Habitat) Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and 1973, 1979, Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
2 Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
Flora, Washington, D.C. (This convention was amended in Bonn, Germany) 1997
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
3 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1985, 1993 Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
4 Basel Convention 1989, 2015 Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
5 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1989, 1993
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
6 1990, 1993
Ozone Layer, London Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),
7 1992, 1994 Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
New York Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
8 (Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro 1992, 1994 Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
9 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 2001, 2004
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
4 Basel Convention 1989, 2015 Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
5 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1989, 1993 Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
6 1990, 1993 Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
Deplete the Ozone Layer, London
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Bold
7 1992, 1994 Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.19", No bullets or numbering
(UNFCCC), New York
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
8 Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro 1992, 1994
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Highlight
9 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 2001, 2004 Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
International Conventions, Agreements and Treaties(signed or ratified by Myanmar Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
[Table x.x] International Convention related to Environmental Impacts ratified by Myanmar Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Highlight
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt, Bold,
Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
[Table x.x] Society related international convention ratified by Myanmar
Formatted: Line spacing: single
5 The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 1991, accessioned Formatted: Line spacing: single
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
Formatted: Line spacing: single
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons,
6 Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations 2004, accessioned Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
Formatted: Line spacing: single
The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD, Formatted Table
7 2011, accessioned
2006) Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
8 Convention on the Political Rights of Women (1953) 1953, signed Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children Formatted: Line spacing: single
9 1947, signed Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
(1947)
Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Formatted: Line spacing: single
10 1950, signed
Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others (1950)
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
Formatted: Line spacing: single
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 11 pt,
Character scale: 100%, Not Expanded by / Condensed by
3.2.2 Social Policies
Formatted: Line spacing: single
3.2.2.1 The State Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Bold
The State Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was ratified and promulgated by the Formatted: Normal, Left, No bullets or numbering
National Referendum held in May 2011. In the Constitution some of the provisions related to the Formatted: Don't keep with next, Don't keep lines together
urban planning and land management are summarized as follows: Formatted: Outline numbered + Level: 3 + Numbering
Style: 1, 2, 3, + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at:
The Union is the ultimate owner of all lands and natural resources in the area. (Section 37) 0" + Indent at: 0.5", Don't keep with next, Don't keep lines
together
Citizens are given the right for private property. (Section 37);
Formatted: Font: Bold, Font color: Auto, (Asian) Korean
The Union guarantees the right to ownership and the use of property. (Section 372);
Formatted: Font: Not Italic, Font color: Auto, (Asian)
Every citizen has the duty to assist the Union in preserving and safeguarding the cultural heritage, Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
conserving the environment, striving for the development of human resources, and protecting and
Formatted: List Paragraph, Indent: Left: 0.06", Hanging:
preserving the public property. (Section 390). 0.19", Bulleted + Level: 1 + Aligned at: 0.28" + Indent at:
0.56"
3.2.2.2 City of Yangon Development Law Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Bold,
(Asian) Korean
As for Yangon City area, the City of Yangon Development Law was enacted in 2013 and ordered the
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Not Italic,
formation of the YCDC in order to carry out the development works of Yangon City. The Law
Font color: Auto, (Asian) Korean
stipulated that YCDC should lay down the policy, give guidance, supervise or implement the
following duties and responsibilities (Section 7):
Preparation of civil projects and new towns; Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
Administration of lands; Formatted: List Paragraph, Indent: Left: 0.06", Hanging:
Determining only of the population which should be allowed to settle properly; 0.19", Bulleted + Level: 1 + Aligned at: 0.28" + Indent at:
0.56"
Construction, repair and demolition of buildings, squatter buildings, and squatter wards;
Demolition and re-settlement of squatter huts, squatter buildings, and squatter wards;
Construction of roads, bridges, and maintenance thereof;
Stipulation of conditions for traffic, parking of vehicles, and slow moving vehicles;
Construction of gardens, parks, playgrounds, and recreation centers, and maintenance thereof;
Carrying out works for the lighting of roads;
Carrying out works for water supply;
Construction of reservoirs and pipelines, and maintenance thereof;
Carrying out works for sanitation;
Carrying out works for public health;
Construction, maintenance, and administration of markets;
Stipulation of conditions for road side stalls; and
Carrying out precautionary measures against fires.
The Law also gives YCDC the following powers (Section 9):
Demarcating and re-demarcating the territorial limit of Yangon City (the City of Yangon
Municipality);
The right to operate works independently with funds owned by YCDC;
Prescribing, reviving, assessing, and collecting duties and taxes with their rates relating to
development works, in accordance with the existing laws;
The right to apply the foreign currency derived from the lease of building, lease of lands or by
other means, for development works;
The right to carry out works contributing to city development by making contracts with local and
foreign organizations and with local and foreign individuals;
The right to take loans and grants from the government or from foreign organizations, and being
responsible for its payment;
The right to carry out works by forming sub-committees work-wise;
Arranging modern methods and systems in order to carry out the development works effectively;
Exercising the powers conferred under the City of Yangon Municipal Act, rules, and bye-laws;
Exercising the powers conferred from time to time by the chairman of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council Law.
In addition, Section 10 of the Law stipulates that notwithstanding anything contained in the existing
City of Yangon Municipal Act, State Housing and Town and Country Development Board Act, and
other existing laws, powers relating to the formulation and implementation of civil projects, and
establishment of new towns and administration of town lands within the limits of the Yangon City,
shall vest in YCDC.
3.2.2.3 Land Acquisition Act (1894) Formatted: Heading 4, Left, No bullets or numbering
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Not Italic,
This British era act is still effective at present due to the lack of new legislation relevant to land Font color: Auto, (Asian) Korean, (Other) English (United
acquisition. The Act stipulates that the government could acquire a land if it was deemed to be in the States)
interest of the public. Religious lands such as pagodas, stupas, shrines, and cemeteries were not Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, (Asian)
Korean, (Other) English (United States)
subject for acquisition.
3.2.2.4 Rangoon Development Trust Act (1920) Formatted: Heading 4, Left, No bullets or numbering
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Not Italic,
In 1920, the Rangoon Development Trust Act was enacted under the British rule. This resulted in the Font color: Auto
establishment of Rangoon Development Trust in 1921, with powers that include the followings: Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
3.2.2.6 Urban Rent Control Act (1952, amended in 1960) Formatted: Heading 4, Left, No bullets or numbering
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Not Italic,
Shortly after the World War II, a large number of people migrated to the cities and the issue of Font color: Auto
housing became serious and acute. This Act regulated the rents in the urban areas to a low and Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
affordable level. This Act is still in effect, keeping the housing rents in the urban areas to a
considerably low level so that proper maintenance of rented properties has become economically
unbearable for most property owners.
3.2.2.8 Other Related Laws and Regulations Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Not Italic,
Font color: Auto
The legislative system inherited from the colonial period is highly comprehensive. The following Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
laws and rules are listed according to specific concerns to the human settlement sector. Formatted: Heading 4, Left, No bullets or numbering
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Formatted: Indent: Left 1 ch, Right 1 ch
4 1997, accessioned
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
5 The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 1991, accessioned Formatted: Indent: Left 1 ch, Right 1 ch
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Formatted: Indent: Left 1 ch, Right 1 ch
Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the
6 2004, accessioned Formatted Table
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime (UNTOC)
The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Formatted: Indent: Left 1 ch, Right 1 ch
7 2011, accessioned
(CRPD, 2006)
8 Convention on the Political Rights of Women (1953) 1953, signed Formatted Table
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Formatted: Indent: Left 1 ch, Right 1 ch
9 1947, signed Formatted: Indent: Left 1 ch, Right 1 ch
Children (1947)
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of Formatted: Indent: Left 1 ch, Right 1 ch
10 1950, signed
the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others (1950) Formatted Table
9. Gender
[EDCF Safeguard Policy - N. No mention of Myanmar laws do not mention
Consultation and Participation/ consideration for gender. gender-sensitive approach or
Para 44 & 45] special consideration of social
vulnerable groups.
[EDCF Safeguard Policy O.
Local Grievance Redress Gender-specific socio-
Mechanism/ Para 46] economic baseline data
collection and potential impacts
[Appendix 2 II. Social
on women group are
Assessment/Para 15 & 35]
recommended to be integrated
At each stage of the ESIA, i.e.
Legislation of
EDCF Safeguard Policy Gaps & Mitigation Measures
Myanmar
impact assessments, stakeholder in this ESIA.
consultation and participation and
GRM exercise, the Policy
mainstreams the application of
gender-sensitive approach.
10. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
[EDCF Safeguard Policy - O. EIA Guidelines 5.5.3 No gaps are identified.
Local Grievance Mechanism/ stipulates on the need to
Para 46] establish a Complaints
and Grievance
The borrower shall establish and
Mechanism.
maintain a grievance redress
mechanism to receive and EIA Procedure (2015)
facilitate resolution of affected does not mention GRM
peoples concerns and grievances or CGM in particular.
about the borrower's
environmental and social
performance at project level. The
grievance redress mechanism
should be scaled to the risks and
impacts of the project. It should
address affected people's concerns
and complaints shortly, using an
understandable and transparent
process that is gender responsive,
culturally appropriate, and readily
accessible to most of the segments
of the affected people.
11. Cultural Heritages
[EDCF Safeguard Policy_ Para The Antiquities Act, Current legislation does not
22] The borrower needs to 1957, 1962 amended)and define requirements
identify the potential impacts on The Protection and
for consultation and project
physical cultural resources from Preservation of Cultural
design around cultural
screening to ESIA. Heritage Regions Law
(1998) require that the No gaps are identified.
[Appendix 2_II. Social
project sites should be
Assessment_Para 20 & 21]
distanced at least 1,440
Physical cultural resources likely feet away from the
to be affected by the project will location of the
be identified by qualified and cultural/heritage sites.
experienced experts based on
EIA Procedure of
field-based surveys as an integral
Myanmar requires
part of ESIA.
impacts and risks on the
The relocation or removable of the cultural heritages shall be
identified physical cultural duly predicted, assessed
Legislation of
EDCF Safeguard Policy Gaps & Mitigation Measures
Myanmar
resources would be made only and whose mitigation
when the following conditions are measures to be included
met: 1) No alternatives to in the EMP.
removal are available/ 2) The
overall benefits of the project
substantially outweigh the
anticipated cultural heritage loss
from removal/ 3) Any removal is
conducted in accordance with
relevant provisions of national
and/or local laws, regulations, and
protected area management plans
and national obligations under
international laws, and employs
the best available techniques.
Source: EDCF (2016) and relevant Myanmar legislations
but will not include Environmental, Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Strategic Environment
Assessment (SEA).
The full EIA process undertaken for the proposed project to be in general consists in Figure below;
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Figure 3.3. 2. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Process
3.3.2 YCDC
As for Yangon City area, the City of Yangon Development Law was enacted in (2013) and ordered the
formation of the YCDC in order to carry out the development works of Yangon City. The Law stipulated
that YCDC should lay down the policy, give guidance, supervise or implement the following duties and
responsibilities (Section 7):
Preparation of civil projects and new towns;
Administration of lands;
Determining only of the population which should be allowed to settle properly;
Construction, repair and demolition of buildings, squatter buildings, and squatter wards;
Demolition and re-settlement of squatter huts, squatter buildings, and squatter wards;
Construction of roads, bridges, and maintenance thereof;
Stipulation of conditions for traffic, parking of vehicles, and slow moving vehicles;
3-24
Construction of gardens, parks, playgrounds, and recreation centers, and maintenance thereof;
Carrying out works for the lighting of roads;
Carrying out works for water supply;
Construction of reservoirs and pipelines, and maintenance thereof;
Carrying out works for sanitation;
Carrying out works for public health;
Construction, maintenance, and administration of markets;
Stipulation of conditions for road side stalls; and
Carrying out precautionary measures against fires.
The Law also gives YCDC the following powers (Section 9):
Demarcating and re-demarcating the territorial limit of Yangon City (the City of Yangon
Municipality);
The right to operate works independently with funds owned by YCDC;
Prescribing, reviving, assessing, and collecting duties and taxes with their rates relating to
development works, in accordance with the existing laws;
The right to apply the foreign currency derived from the lease of building, lease of lands or by other
means, for development works;
The right to carry out works contributing to city development by making contracts with local and
foreign organizations and with local and foreign individuals;
The right to take loans and grants from the government or from foreign organizations, and being
responsible for its payment;
The right to carry out works by forming sub-committees work-wise;
Arranging modern methods and systems in order to carry out the development works effectively;
Exercising the powers conferredl under the City of Yangon Municipal Act, rules, and bye-laws;
Exercising the powers conferred from time to time by the chairman of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council Law.
In addition, Section 10 of the Law stipulates that notwithstanding anything contained in the existing City
of Yangon Municipal Act, State Housing and Town and Country Development Board Act, and other
existing laws, powers relating to the formulation and implementation of civil projects, and establishment
of new towns and administration of town lands within the limits of the Yangon City, shall vest in YCDC.
3-25
LCRCC meeting on 22 September 2015, the proposed schemes wer reviewed and finalizied. The
Regional Government of Yangon approved of the proposed Land Compensation scheme.
After consultations with the PAPs and their communities (in Dala Township) on 7 October 2015, the
compensation scheme was decided.
LCRCC is composed of the relevant departments of MOC, as project proponent (i.e. Department of
Building, Department of Bridge and Department of Highway), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and
Irrigation, GAD (for Dala Township where 100% of PAPs resides), YCDC, Regional Government of
Yangon. The Committee Sessions were chaired by the Deputy Minster of MOC. Commissioners of the
LCRCC are listed as follows:
Table 3.3. 1 The list of Commissioners of the LCRCC
For details of the compensation scheme and implementation plan, as presented by MOC in the form of (an Abbreivated
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)), see Chapter 6 of this Report.
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3-27
Formatted: Left, Space After: 0 pt
Source: MOC RAP, March 2016
Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for toll roads. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group.
3-28
World Bank Group ADB Korea Exim Bank
3.4.1.1 Wastewater
The proposed project type where Road/ Bridge construction guidelines for wastewater are not set out for
all parameter in Myanmar EIA Guidelines, the general guideline values of National Emission standards
with international guidelines can be applied for the construction phase of proposed project, covering
storm water or surface water, and sanitary wastewater discharges if batching plant and cruch plant are
constructed.
Table 3.4.2 Effluent Levels of Wastewater, Storm Water Runoff, Effluent and Sanitary Discharges
Maximum Concentration
No. Parameter Unit
National a IFC b WHO c
1 pH S.U.a 6-9 69 -
2 Turbidity NTU - - 10
Micro
3 Conductivity - - 1500
S/cm
Total suspended
4 mg/l 50 50 -
solids
5 Dissolved Solids mg/l 2000 - -
6 Temperature C <3 degree - <3
7 Fluoride (F) mg/l 20 - 1.5
ppm/pp DW (0.010 ppm/10
8 Arsenic (As) 0.1 ppm/ 100 ppb
b ppb)
9 Ammonia (NH3) mg/l 10 - 10
Dissolved River ( 6.0)
10 mg/l - -
Oxygen (DO) Lake ( 5.0)
Chemical oxygen
11 mg/l 125 125 -
demand (COD)
Biological
12 oxygen mg/l 30 30 -
demand(BOD)
13 Zinc (Zn) mg/l - - 3
14 Copper(Cu) mg/l 0.5 - 0.01
15 Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.1 - 0.2
Emissions do not contribute a significant portion to the attainment of relevant ambient air quality
guidelines or standards (i.e. not exceeding 25 percent of the applicable air quality standards) to allow
additional, future sustainable development in the same air shed.
Infrastructure-specific guidelines summarized hereinafter are applied by proposed project to ensure that
air emissions conform to good industry practice. Reference is made to WHOs Air Quality Guidelines for
Europe for air pollutants not included in the following table 3.4.3.
Maximum Concentration
No. Parameter Unit Formatted Table
National Average Period
1 Carbon monoxide mg/Nm3a 100 24-hour
2 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 50 24-hour
Air quality guidelines for Europe. 1997. WHO regional publications, European series No. 23. World Health Organization.
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Maximum Concentration
No. Parameter Unit Formatted Table
National Average Period
1 year
3 Nitrogen dioxides mg/Nm3 40/200
1 hour
4 Sulfur dioxide g/m3 20/500 24-hour /10-minute
5 Nitrogen dioxide g/m3 40/200 1 year/1 hour
6 Ozone g/m3 100 8-hour daily maximum
7 Particulate matter PM10a g/m3 20/50 1-year /24-hour
8 Particulate matter PM10a g/m3 10/25 1-year/ 24-hour
Note: a Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter
b Particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter
Source: National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Guidelines (2015), WHOs Air Quality Guidelines
The air quality sampling survey used the HAZ-SCANNER (EPAS) Environmental Perimeter Air
Monitoring System. The EPAS, manufactured by EDC/SKC (USA), is a light scattering photometer
equipped with a filter sampling system. This dual capability allows for simultaneous real-time and filter
measurement. Single-jet impactors were used for particulate size selection and the PM10 and PM2.5
impactors were used for this air quality survey. The highly sensitive EPAS provides real-time
determinations and data recordings of airborne particle concentration in ug/m3. It provides the minimum,
maximum and time-weighted average (TWA) monitoring of gases as well. This instrument is factory
calibrated with the appropriate USEPA certified target gas and correlated with USEPA methods. (Ref:
Code of Federal Regulation 40CFR part 53).
Sampling time: The sampling surveyed 24hr continuously at site.
Ambient air parameters: Ambient air sampling survey mainly focused on the USEPA Criteria air
pollutants, which can affect the human health and environment.
1) Particulates: PM10, PM2.5
2) Gases: NO2, SO2, CO, CO2,
3) Meteorology: Temperature, Relative Humidity, which can have the influence on both local and
regional air quality
Particulates: (sensor: 90 degree Infra Red Light Scattering) Calibration: Gravimetric reference NIST
Traceable - SAE fine dust- ISO12103-1 Accuracy ( 10% to filter gravimetric SAE fine test dust which
falls under the ACGIH/ ISO/CEN criteria. Detection limit 1- 20,000ug/m3 )
Gases: (sensor: electrochemical) Calibration: ppm equivalent change/year in lab air (24month warranted)
NO2, Detection limit (0-5000) ppb
SO2 Detection limit (0-5000)ppb
CO Detection limit (0-100)ppb
CO2 Detection limit (0-5000)ppm
Meteorology:
Industrial, commercial 70 70
Note: a Equivalent continuous sound level in decibels
Source: National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Guidelines (2015)
3.4.1.4 Vibration
There's no environmental standard of vibration in Myanmar. The Vibration Standards for Environment of
International Standard Organization (ISO) criterion of international level and WHO Guidelines are
required to apply in this study as follow:
Table 3.4.5 Vibration Levels (Standards)
Category of area Day Night Formatted Table
ESS1. Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts;
1) Social risks and impacts, including: (i) threats to human security through the escalation of
personal, communal or inter-state conflict, crime or violence; (ii) risks that project impacts fall
disproportionately on disadvantaged or vulnerable groups;) any prejudice or discrimination
toward individuals or groups in providing access to development resources and project benefits,
particularly in the case of disadvantaged or vulnerable groups; (iv) negative economic and social
impacts relating to the involuntary taking of land or restriction on access to natural resources; (v)
risks or impacts associated with land and natural resource tenure and use, including (as relevant)
potential project impacts on local land use patterns and tenurial arrangements, land access and
availability, food security and land values, and any corresponding risks related to conflict or
contestation over land and natural resources; (vi) impacts on the health, safety and well-being of
workers and project- affected communities; and (vii) risks to cultural heritage.
2) Disclose appropriate information and undertake stakeholder engagement in accordance with
ESS10;
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3) Grievance Redress and Accountability: grievance mechanism, process, or procedure to receive
and facilitate resolution of stakeholders concerns and grievances arising in connection with the
project, in particular about the environmental and social performance.
4) Develop and implement an Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP); and
5) Conduct monitoring and reporting on the environmental and social performance of the project
against the Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs).
Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.44", No bullets or numbering
3.4.2.2 WB Operational Procedure 4.12 (on Involuntary Resettlement)l WB OP 4.10 (on Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Bold
Indigenous Peoples, if applicable) and WB OP 4.11 (on Physical Cultural Resources)
ESF of the World Bank will be effective from 2018. As of today, the equivalent standards for social Formatted: Font: Not Bold
impact assessment include: The proposed project will take into consideration all the three procedural Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
guidelines.
3.4.2.5 International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA); Social Impact Assessment (2015) Formatted: Font: Bold, (Asian) Korean
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF): developing that outlines the projects policy and Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, Bold,
(Asian) Korean
general procedures about how land acquisition, resettlement, compensation and livelihood
restoration and enhancement will be undertaken. Formatted: List Paragraph, Outline numbered + Level: 4 +
Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): developing that fully details the operational process of + Aligned at: 0" + Indent at: 0.5"
enacting the resettlement.
3.4.2.6 In addition, the ESIA of this project also complies with theEDCF Safeguard Policy. Formatted: Font: Bold
Funded by the EDCF of the Government of the Republic of Korea, the proposed project shall comply Formatted: Font: Not Bold
with the social safeguards of the EDCF Safeguard Policy.
https://www.edcfkorea.go.kr/site/homepage/menu/viewMenu?menuid=005001006003
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3.5 Health Standards for Projects with Health Impacts
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
Health impact framework is based on an analysis performed and published by the World Bank (Listorti,
1996: Listorti and Doumani, 2001), IPIECA and IFC HIA guidelines in this study which demonstrated
that an almost 50% improvement in major health outcomes could be achieved by improvements in four
sectors: (i) housing and urban development; (ii) water, food and sanitation; (iii) transportation; and (iv)
communication. The Health Impact Assessment has 6 phases as shown in Figure 3.5.1 and this study is
based on potential baseline health information collected by related townships regional health data of
Ministry of health, National Cencus (2014) and household and water survey.
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
Health system issue: Physical health infrastructure (e.g., capacity, equipment, staffing levels and Formatted: Font: Bold
competencles, furure development plans); programme management delivery systems (eg., malaria,
TB, HIV/AIDS-inititative, maternal and child health, etc.)
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Communicable diseases: Transmission of Communicable diseases (e.g. acute respiratory Formatted: Font: Bold
infections, pneumoria, tuberculosis, meningitis, plaque, leprosy, etc.) that can be lined to housing
design, overcrowding and housing inflation.
Vactoe-related diseases: Mosquito, fly, tick and lice-related diseases (e.g. malaria, dengue, yellow Formatted: Font: Bold
fever, lymphatic filariasis, leishaniasis, onchocerciasis, etc.)
Soil-, water- and waste related diseases: Diseases that are transmitted directly or indirectly Formatted: Font: Bold
through contaminated water, soil or non-hazardous waste (e.g. diarrhoeal diseases, schistosomiasis,
hepatitis A and E, poliomyelitis, soil-transmitted heminthiases, etc.)
Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDA: Sexually transmitted infections such as Formatted: Font: Bold
syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, hepatitis B and, most importantly, HIV/AIDS.
Effluent and air emission levels of Myanmar National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Formatted: Font: Bold
Guidelines (2015) for health concerned and its areas of health impacts are shown in following
Tables to access the health impacts in this study.
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Guideline
No. Parameter Unit Health Impact
Value
Neurological effect
Cardiovascular
Seizures
Hearing loss mild mental retardation,
Reproductive problems (miscarriages)
6 Lead mg/l 0.1
Nervous system
Reducing growth of the fetus and premature birth
Other impacts due to low lead concentration in blood
(learning problems, lower intelligence quotient (IQ),
hyperactivity, slowed growth, hearing problems and anemia)
Neurological and chromosomal problems
Long-term exposure to organic mercury can cause:
(uncontrollable shaking or tremor, numbness or pain
in certain parts of the skin, blindness and double
7 Mercury mg/l 0.01 vision, inability to walk well, memory problems,
seizures and death with large exposures)
Reproductive problems consequences (having a baby
with deformities), and miscarriage
Nervous system diseases
Human health problems (liver, kidneys and blood to
increasing the risk of cancer)
Gastrointestinal effects (stomach pain, constipation,
anorexia)
Oil and Hematological Effects
8 mg/l 15
grease Hepatic Effects
Dermal Effects (Skin irritation)
Ocular Effects (Eye irritation)
Low levels of oil pollution can reduce aquatic
organisms ability to reproduce and survive.
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Guideline
No. Parameter Unit Health Impact
Value
Acute Exposure
Ingestion, gastrointestinal tract irritation and pain,
pale and sweaty skin, constricted or dilated pupils,
cyanosis, excitation, unconsciousness,
cardiovascular and respiratory effects, respiratory
failure and death
Wheezing, respiratory tract irritation, anorexia,
weight loss, headache, vertigo, salivation and dark
urine
Inflammation, blanching, discoloration of the skin,
10 Phenols mg/l 0.5 erythema, corrosion, necrosis and burns which may
be painless.
Chronic Exposure
Weight loss, muscle weakness and liver effects
Mouth sores, gastrointestinal tract irritation,
cardiovascular, Central nervous system (CNS) and
respiratory effects and decreased body weight
Ochronosis (yellowish (ocher-like) discoloration of
the tissue), skin irritation, skin eruption,
inflammation and necrosis
Carcinogenicity to humans
Polychlorinate Effects in animals
d Toxicological effects, Carcinogenic effects, Critical
11 dibenzodioxin ngb/l 0.1 organs, tissues and effects
and Effects in humans
dibenzofuran Toxicological effects and Carcinogenic effects
Temperature affects the dissolved oxygen level in
the water, photosynthesis of aquatic plants,
metabolic rates of aquatic organisms, and the
Temperatur sensitivity of these organisms to pollution, parasites
12 C <3c
e increase and disease.
Low dissolved oxygen levels leave aquatic
organisms in a weakened physical state and more
vulnerable to disease, parasites, and other pollutants.
Total Some waterborne pathogenic diseases
100
13 coliform 400 Typhoid fever, Viral Diarrhea, Bacterial
ml
bacteria gastroenteritis and Hepatitis A
Source: National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Guidelines (2015)
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Guideline
No. Parameter Unit Health Impact Formatted Table
Value
Damage the brain and kidneys and ultimately
cause death
In pregnant women, high levels of exposure to
lead may cause miscarriage.
High level exposure in men can damage the
organs responsible for sperm production.
Copper
Irritation of the nose, mouth and eyes and it
causes headaches, stomachaches, dizziness,
vomiting and diarrhea
Intentionally high uptakes of copper may cause
liver and kidney damage and even death
Hepatic cirrhosis, brain damage, demyelization,
renal diseases and cornea problem
Chromium
Gastrointestinal disorders
Hemorrhagic (bleeding) diathesis and
convulsions
Death may occur following cardiovascular shock.
Nickel
Higher chances of development of lung cancer,
nose cancer, larynx cancer and prostate cancer
Sickness and dizziness after exposure to nickel
gas
Lung embolism, respiratory failure, birth defects,
asthma and chronic bronchitis
Allergic reactions such as skin rashes, mainly
from jewelry and heart disorders
Cadmium
Irritation of the lungs, gastrointestinal tract,
kidney damage and abnormalities of skeletal
system.
Thallium
Thallium can affect your nervous system, lung,
Cadmium +
2 mg/Nm3 0.05 heart, liver, and kidney if large amounts are eaten
Thallium
or drunk for short periods.
Temporary hair loss, tiredness, headaches,
depressions, lack of appetite, leg pains vomiting,
disturbances of the sight and diarrhea can also
occur and death may result after exposure to large
amounts of thallium for short periods.
Breathing CO can cause headache, dizziness,
vomiting, and nausea.
High level of CO may become unconscious or
Carbon die.
3 mg/Nm3 50
monoxide Exposure to moderate and high levels of CO over
long periods has also been linked with increased
risk of heart disease.
Long-term health problems
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Guideline
No. Parameter Unit Health Impact Formatted Table
Value
Skin, or eye contact problem
Toxic and corrosive
Short-term inhalation of HCL causes irritation of
the airways, coughing, chest tightness and
Hydrogen shortness of breath.
4 chloride mg/Nm3 10 Long-term inhalation causes lung damage.
(HCL) Ingestion causes burns to the mouth and stomach,
and sickness. Skin or eye exposure causes
irritation, pain, redness and swelling.
Prolonged low level ingestion results in tooth
erosion.
Acute Exposure
Respiratory, dermal, ocular, gastrointestinal,
Hydrogen electrolyte and potential sequelae
5 mg/Nm3 1
fluoride Chronic Exposure
Carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental
effects
Damage to nervous system
Exposure to high levels can permanently damage
the brain, peripheral nervous systems, digestive
and immune systems, lungs, kidneys, and
developing fetuses.
Effects on brain functioning may result in
6 Mercury mg/Nm3 0.5 irritability, neuromuscular effects, headaches,
shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing,
and memory problems.
Short-term exposure to high levels of metallic
mercury vapors may cause lung damage, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, increases in blood pressure or
heart rate, skin rashes, and eye irritation.
Effect on respiratory illness
Causing inflammation
Nitrogen Longterm exposure can decrease lung function,
7 oxides mg/Nm3 200-400b increase the risk of respiratory conditions and
(NOx) increases the response to allergens.
Reduced plant growth
Formation of acid rain
Polychlorinate Effects in human
d Toxicological effects and carcinogenic effects
ng/Nm3
8 dibenzodioxin c 0.1
TEQd
and
dibenzofuran
Site injury
Reduced visibility
Deterioration of metals, textiles, leather, finishes
and coatings
Sulfur
9 mg/Nm3 50 Aggravation of respiratory diseases (asthma,
dioxide
emphysema)
Irritation of the nose, throat, and airways to cause
coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or a
tight feeling around the chest
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Guideline
No. Parameter Unit Health Impact Formatted Table
Value
Adverse health effects
Total Liver or kidney problems
3
10 organic mg/Nm 10 Nervous system effects
carbon Increased risk of getting cancer
A major cause of reduced visibility
Premature death in people with heart or lung
Total
3 disease, nonfatal heart attacks, irregular heartbeat,
11 particulate mg/Nm 10
aggravated asthma, decreased lung function, and
matter
increased respiratory symptoms, such as irritation
of the airways, coughing or difficulty breathing.
Note: a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure
b 200 mg/m3 for new plants or for existing plants with a nominal capacity exceeding 6 tons per
hour, 400 mg/m3 for existing incinerators with a nominal capacity of 6 tons per hour or less
c Nanograms per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure
d Toxicity equivalence factor
Source: National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Guidelines (2015) and In terms of vibration, WHO
EHS guideline provides the criterion of Occupational health and safety , which is limited to
apply in case of worker's using equipment.
Table 3.5.3 Vibration Standards for Occupational Health And Safety
Total Daily Exposure Values which shall not be exceeded Formatted Table
Duration' m/s2 g
4 hours and less than 8 4 0.4
2 hours and less than 4 6 0.61
1 hour and less than 2 8 0.81
Less than 1 hour 12 1.22
Source: WHO EHS guideline
The IFC PS 4 recognizes that project activities, equipment and infrastructure can increase community
exposure to risks and impacts. In addition, communities that are already subjected to impacts from
climate change may also experience an acceleration and/or intensification of impacts due to project
activities. While acknowledging the public authorities role in promoting the health, safety and security
of the public, this PS addresses the project proponents responsibility to avoid or minimize the risks and
impacts to community health, safety, and security that may arise from project related-activities, with
particular attention to vulnerable groups. The management of potential impacts and the mitigation
measures has been developed to achieve the objectives of IFC PS 4, as applicable to the environmental
and social setting of the Project.
Ministry of Construction has already issued Guidelines on Minimum Health & Safety Standards for
Major Works and its compliance during the implementation of the Project is mandatory. An important
preventive measure that the guideline covers is that all workers and supervisors working at the Project
Site must have received health and safety training.
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