Ashfaq Adnan
aadnan@uta.edu
WH 315 B
Solid Mechanics and Structures
Solid Mechanics and Structures Note:
Exam is for 3 hours.
Exam is closed book and closed notes.
Students are allowed to use non-programmable calculator.
Solid Mechanics
MAE 2312 - Solid Mechanics
Structural Dynamics
MAE 3316 Aerospace Structural Dynamics
MAE 4314 Mechanical Vibrations
Solid Mechanics
Typically 4 questions are asked.
You have 90 minutes to solve.
Solve the problem use the formulas given in the appendix. Find the
solutions for the 4 time periods. Also find the response at t=3.
A double pulse
10
P1
5
P2
Force
0 t1 t2 t3
-5
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
Problem 2
1
0 2] (Kg)
F(t)=[10
40] (N)
The eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors for the system are:
Problem 3
2
Appendix A. Summary of SDOF Response to various Inputs
Equation of Motion
+ + = () (1)
= = = = 1 2 (4)
2
= 0 = (0 + 0 )/
Response to step inputs
Step input: () = 0
() = [ ( + )] (5)
= 1 = / (6)
Response to Sine Input
() = 0 sin t , 0 = 0 = 0
() = + + ( + ) (7)
2 c
1 = 0 2 = ( ) 0 = ( 2 )2 + ()2 (8)
= 2 = ( 1 )/ (9)
Response to Cosine Input
() = 0 cos t , 0 = 0 = 0
() = + ( + ) (10)
2 c
1 = ( )0 2 = ( )0 = ( 2 )2 + ()2 (11)
= 1 = ( + 2 )/ (12)
Response to polynomial Inputs
() = 0 + 1 + 2 2 0 = 0 = 0
() = 0 + 1 + 2 2 + ( + ) (13)
1
0 = 3 (2 2 2 1 + 0 2 2 2 )
1
1 = 2 ( 1 2 2 )
(14)
2 = 2
= 0
= (1 + 0 )
3
Initial conditions
() = 0 (0) = 0 (0) = 0
() = + (15)
Step input
() = 0 0 = 0 = 0
() = ( ) (16)
Sine inputs
() = 0 sin t 0 = 0 = 0
() = ( ) (17)
Cosine inputs
() = 0 cos t 0 = 0 = 0
() = ( ) (18)
Sine resonant
() = 0 sin t 0 = 0 = 0
0
( ) = (sin cos ) (19)
2
Cosine resonant
() = 0 cos t 0 = 0 = 0
0
( ) = ( sin ) (20)
2
Periodic input
( ) = 0 + cos() + sin() (21)
() = 0 + ( cos ) + ( sin ) (22)
=
Use Fourier series to find coefficients a 0 , a n and b n .
Polynomial inputs
( ) = 0 + 1 + 2 2 0 = 0 = 0
( ) = 0 + 1 + 2 2 + cos + sin (23)
1
0 = 2 ( 0 2 2 )
1
1 =
2 (24)
2 =
= 0
4
1. The system shown is excited by F(t) applied to the mass m. The system moves in a horizontal plane so there is
no need to consider a gravity force.
2. a. Write the equation of motion of the system in Question 1 if F(t) = F cos( t).
b. Find the equation for the amplitude of the stead-state response if c = 0.0.
c. Find the magnitude of the amplitude of steady-state response if F = 7.0 lbf and = 0.75 n
3. Use a hand calculation to find the natural frequencies (in R/S and Hz) and the natural modes of vibration for
the system whose mass and stiffness matrices are given below. Normalize the modal vectors so that the largest
value in each vector is 1.0.
4 0 4 2
M = kg K= N / m
0 2 2 6
4. A steel cantilever beam of length L has a rectangular cross section b x h where b and h are the height and
width of your wrist and L is the length of your arm, finger tip to shoulder. Estimate these dimensions.
b = __________
Compute the first natural frequency in Rad/Sec and in Hz.
h = __________
Sketch mode shapes 1 & 2.. No mode shape calculations are necessary.
L = __________
________________________________________________________________________
Some Equations:
a. Draw an appropriate free body diagram and derive the equation of motion.
b. Find numerical values for the undamped natural frequency in R/S and Hz.
c. Find the undamped period.
d. Find the critical damping constant c c and the actual damping constant c, if the
damping ratio is 25 per cent.
e. Find the damped natural frequency in R/S and Hz.
2. Find the equation for the time response of the system in question 1 if c = 0.0 and
F(t) is a 20 lbf step function. Sketch the response curve.
3. Use Newtons second law to derive the equations of motion for the system shown.
Use the rotation of the uniform bar and the vertical displacement of the mass as
variables. Make good sketches showing your axis systems and the symbols and positive
directions for the variables you use. Draw good free body diagrams of the bar, the
mass, the spring and the damper.
The bar rotates freely about the hinge. Neglect gravity and consider small angular
motions. I o = (mL2)/3, I cg = (mL2)/12. Express the final equations of motion in matrix
form.
4. Use a hand calculation to find the natural frequencies (in R/S and Hz) and the
natural modes of vibration for the system whose matrices are given below. Normalize
the modal vectors so that the largest value in each vector is 1.0.
4 0 4 2
M = kg K= N / m
0 2 2 8
b = ____________
Compute the first natural frequency in Rad/Sec and in Hz
for the bar bending about the smaller cross section inertia.
h = ____________
Make an accurate Sketch of the mode shape. No
calculations are necessary.
L = ____________
1 3
bh
12
Problem 1:
(b) What is the natural frequency for the system shown in Figure 1?
(c) What is the critical damper constant for the system shown in
Figure 1?(for a damper located between the mass and the ground
(parallel to k1))
(e) For a damped SDOF system, the phase angle of steady sate
sinusoidal vibration at undamped natural frequency is
(a) /4, (b) /2, (c) 0.8*, (d)
1
Problem 2:
0
Bode plot CO-QUAD plot
10 1
Real component
Magnitude
0.5
-1
10
0
-2
10 -0.5
0 20 40 0 20 40
0 0
Imaginary component
-50
Phase angle
-0.5
-100
-1
-150
-200 -1.5
0 20 40 0 20 40
Frequency ratio Frequency ratio
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
Imaginary component
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Real component
2
Problem 3:
3
Problem 4
4
Problem 5
5
Summary of SDOF Response to various Inputs
Equation of Motion
+ + = () (1)
= = = = 1 2 (4)
2
= 0 = (0 + 0 )/
Response to step inputs
Step input: () = 0
() = [ ( + )] (5)
= 1 = / (6)
Response to Sine Input
() = 0 sin t , 0 = 0 = 0
() = + + ( + ) (7)
2 c
1 = 0 2 = ( ) 0 = ( 2 )2 + ()2 (8)
= 2 = ( 1 )/ (9)
Response to Cosine Input
() = 0 cos t , 0 = 0 = 0
() = + ( + ) (10)
2 c
1 = ( )0 2 = ( )0 = ( 2 )2 + ()2 (11)
= 1 = ( + 2 )/ (12)
Response to polynomial Inputs
() = 0 + 1 + 2 2 0 = 0 = 0
() = 0 + 1 + 2 2 + ( + ) (13)
1
0 = 3 (2 2 2 1 + 0 2 2 2 )
1
1 = 2 ( 1 2 2 )
(14)
2 = 2
= 0
= (1 + 0 )