DAL HQC KHOA HQC TY’ NHIEN TP HO CHi MINH KHOA TOAN-TIN HOC GIAO TRINH TOAN My as w)n( (SEE) ayy sng Tinh chit () ea in I 48 re cig ih 283. Thi dy Ty gi phrong tinh vi phin_y(1+xy)~x" ~ 0 tin md (05+). Liisi Phuong trinh vi phan ¢6 dang M+Ny"=0 > Mdx+Ndy=0 , véi y(l Fay) viNeoxGY. Nguyen Thanh Va- 2009 Trang 12 at, = 2 cy +xy2)= 1425 goes y Tach 2x a Do My +N« pein ta sé tim tira s8 tch phan y. Ta ed My—Ny= (1+ 2xy)—(-1)=2 (1 + xy). Chia bidu dice nly lin lugt cho M va, ta thy vige chia cho M cho ra két qua dic bigt. 2l+ay) _2 | Ne-My _-2 M vltay) M y ‘Chon thita s6tch phn p(y) = onl [2 «| chi chia big y, khong ehita x). ne “a (Ck aug chon bing 0) 1 = Nh hai vé cia phuong tinh ban diu cho 4. ta duge phuong tinh dang vi phan toan phan e 19 aX ay=0 y lhay ’ 9) oe ae tatim due F(x, y) = 2 2 y Phuong trinh vi phn tinh AFxy)=0 SFR Y=C 284, ToS dy Hay gii phuong rink vi phin (22+ y)dc+ (yxy =O tren mi (042). Leigiti — Phong trnh vi phn o6 dang Max + Nay =0 v6 M=2x"+ y vaN= xy —x. j 2 a Tacé M, = 5 ex tye va Ny = 5 (ya Do Myke Ny nén as tim tha sb tch pin. Ta cé’ My~Ns = 1 Qay~ 1) = 2{1-xy) Chia bu thie niy lin lugt cho M va N, ta thy vge cia cho N cho a kde qua de bit. My -Nx _ 20-xy) xy -D Chon wo) = exp [= ax) sxp(-2Injl) =~? (hing 36 xuit hign kh inh nguyén him d duge chon bing 0). [Nha hai vé cia phuomg tinh vi phn ban diu cho 1, ta duge phuomg tinh dang vi phn ton “3 pelassew: (2-2 )ane(y-Jay-0 Dy vio eae : ay HY .GIAITICHA _ GV Nguyén Thanh Trang 13 ta tim duge F(x, y)= 2x ive FX, y) ar Phuong tinh vi phi te thin +E = vic whing sé [Bip Bai tp 83 va bai tp 84 (cubs chung 1). 3: PHUONG TRINH DA GIAIRA_DOIVOLDAO HAM ‘31 Git thigu bai toi didu ign ‘Cho (Xe,ye) thuge m6t mién D trong R°. Ham f la ham hai bién xéc dinh trén mién D. Bai toan @®) duge quan tim trong doan niy la tim nghigm cia phuong trinh vi phn y =f») Gila) ‘vi nghigm ni thi di kign du vl, Gb) — Nghiém y li him thye theo bién x va xac din trén mét khoang I no dé trong R. = ¥ ghia inh hoc cia dibu kin du yx,)=y 18 dudmg cong ich phn qua diém (x,y, Chis th — Mien D trong chuong nay duge higu la tp mé lién thong tong R. ~ Phong tin (3.14) duge go a phuvmg trink 48 gia rai v6t dgo ham, ~ Bi toa di hoi dmg bien din cia nghigm qua mt diém cho trage nh trong bai tm (P) dug goi bai ton Cauchy @) Gis ') D1 inh cnt fa, xo a] x [yo~b, Yo B, Von vA hee 8b dong. iy) Haim hai bi lien me tn D. i) Dao him ring sha tiv lida te trénD. ey Khid, bli tos trén 06 nghiém duy abt y~ y(x) tn doan x5 0 anh -y=r'sinx Dap sé: y =cx—xcosx; x>0(ITICHAS _ GV Nguyén Thanh Vit- 2009 4 xGetdy =e pipsé: y=, AD ydx-4txty*)dy = 0 Dap sb: x= 2y" +ey’,y>0 2yc0o 9 (sinx)y=1 Dip sb: y=sinx-+ecosx,~3 0 di 45) L—+Ri= dt 46) 2xydx + (x? ~ dy 47) [e® ~y cos(xy)]dx + [2xe” —xcos(xy) +2yldy =0 Dip 96 xe" -sin(xy)+y? te=0 Dap s6 x°y— cosxsinx .(0)=2 Bip sb y*—((-3°)-cos' x=3 I) psd y?—(l-x') $9 Ax+2y")+by 23) 0 Dip s6 x2 42xy? +y' 50) Oxy +1)+ (x +4y)y'=0 Dip si eytx+2y° =C 51) 2x-+1+2y")+ (4xy+3y")y'=0,y(0)=-1 Bap sé 2ay?+y?+x" +x 52) 2xy-(4y' +xy)y'=0 Khdng eb dang vi phn toan phén i ay Bee bi 83 <0 pip si: +242 = » (era x)ry oak 54) (x? +4y)y'=2ny 41 Dap s6: Khéng c6 dang vi phan toan phin 55) 7% at Dip sh: +2=C dx 3 _3y2,)4¥ ayy dy eh 2 =3y'x)B=y'—3e'y-y Dip sé: x'y-xy"+X=c 56) (x'~3y'x) Ryn ¥EE ip 6: x'y—xy 57) xcos( xy) dy + [y.cos(xy) —2x]dx; y(1)=2 Dap sé: sin (xy) — x? = sin 2-1 ) L(y tte) =0, (Zo 58) (sint+t¥e ¥ Dip sb sin + Fe?-3y = © sey inte ay a 3 2 24) 4 Pare eunnnes an toan phi: 59) (3t?x—x°)—(t? +3x7t)— =0 Dap sé: khéng c6 dang vi phan toan phin. 9) (3°) (04541) <0 Dips: thong dane vn ton ph Hay tim nghiém cia méi phuong trinh sau néu nd co hong trinh vi phan ding cap. 60) Dip s6: x? —2xy-y? dx xtyGY. Nguyen Thanh Drang 18 61) 2D oy? ay x Huéng din: (v1)? dy=x"dx voi v= x ©) y(n) Dips: ¥—inly|=c dn Huong din x sae ds_ +s 63): Pee aca 8(2)=1 Dip sé sio=fo(s) +4) Hing din: udu = Lat vi u=S 64 x8 ‘Bip sb: Khong ¢6 dang ding efp ax 65) 2 Dip s6: Khong e6 dang ding clip ix 66). 0498 Dip sb:x=cP—t 67) (x? +y")dy +2xydx =0 Dap si: y? +3yx? =C dy _y-6x . 1 68) — (O)=1 ‘Dap so: (y—3x)5 2) yO ip so: (y ~3x)5 (y+ 2x) oy (tx +ay+y') vat ip sb: y= 2 wsleron( =] Bap sé: N?-+2Nt— y tim nghiém cia mdi phuomg tinh sau néu c6 dang y* = h (ax *by) véi ava b Ba ede hing 3(I-e* Dip ob: ones) < ) Tse TH dy—(x+y +1) dx=0 Bap sb: y=—x—14tg(x+C) 73) dy =(2+ [y=2x+3)dx Bip sb: 4(y-2x+3)=(x+C)° wy ei(xty) Dap sé: 2y — 2x + sin2(x + y)=C dy _fya..y i : 192 -(e+y) +1 ii sb: Khtag ob dang y" = (ax = by)Todn GIITICHAS __ GV Nguyén Thank Vi- 2009 Trang 19 “ily tim nghigm eua moi phyong trinh vi phn sau néu nd 6 dang phyong tinh vi phn Bemoulli 76) rLeyony! Bip sb: Hugg din: Sily = xy? 6 dang Bernoulli voi n = 2 Dip sé Dip sé: y Dip sé: ef =ct dy ‘ 80) x°— — 2xy = 3y*; y(1)= yx ay = 3y%sy() Hy tim nghiim cia mi phuome tri vi phn sau néu 6 o6 dang.’ an, bubs.c1.c2 8 ede hing sh a Y= 83413, y(Q) a y33 Huing din: Ditx =1—4;y=u-1 du 4t-3u a en ;u(4)=2 x4 oe ——— = hh —2x-7)| voi C=—e ? poet he rag gay SL GR=3)Y +L oy 5 King 06 dang snr db bi yea cu dx 2x—3y+2 Hay ding tha s6 sich phin 8 dua v8 dang vi phn todn phn vi tim nghiém eta cde ‘phwong trinh vi phan sau: 83) (x -y')+2ayy'=0 Hing din: Piuzong tinh cb dang M d+ Nay = 0 Tach: b+ = 9-29 22 N ars Chon thiea s6 phan tich »0 Jas) Suy ra L[(x°-y")ax+ 2nydy] 0 (SE )es-2ta-0 a u(x) (chon C thich hop)2009 GY. Nguyén Thanh Vi Trang 20 xt x 84) y+(y'—x)y'=0 Huéng din: Phong tinh 6 dang Mdx + Ndy-=' NoM,_-i-1_ 2 Tact yy Con thins ch phn 2 1 Ho)=eu 2 ay }-exn(-2my]+€) tenon chien nop) sym [loa +(o"*—9)) oy] syt*=c y 85) Cho bai toin didw kign du lyo-o 48) Hay chimg minh bi ton co nghigm y = y(x) tn moi doan 1 R yotect? ») Hay chimg minh bai ton ¢6 nghigm y= 2) Bai toin didu kign du 06 dang Voi ft y) + %=0, yo=0. Xét a>0 va b>0, hai s6 2 va b niy sé duge chon chinh xe sau. Goi ‘Tathly ftién we wén D. Vi! ¢ yy=-2ye%* non & tien tye wen D. ay ey a, alx{-b, B. [vs Ded < @-H,ta06 M= o-H1 la mot chan tn a fren D. > opis~min fa, aise : fe is ‘Theo dinh ly 3.2 thi bai tofn trén c6 nghi¢m duy nat y = y(x) trén dogn [-a,a]. Chon a dit 1én thi dogn [aa] hia dogn I. Vay bitin ob nghigm duy nhit én Tuong tw cic bi tp 1 ti 84, tong cic bai tp 86 051104 hy tim nghiém tén mign 86) y'= » I=Q+0) Dip sé: y= sin (In| x| +) SDy'tx=xG"+ 1) Bip sbTodn GIAITICHAL __ GV Nguyén Thanh Trang 21 BB)y— (ing y= sins B89) (1 +x) yt xy= V1 + x? 90) y= y+ ay FT 91) y=ytay? sy! + 3x2y8 x 9) y= xy 2 8 5 ysinx = 93) 3% + ysinx=0 2 94)xy +y-2y'+3x-8 Dip sb ry- oxy © (dang vi phan toan phin) 98) xdy + xydx = (0 —y)ex Dip sb 2 6 vss dy x= © +0 (tuybo tinh theo 96) HaHa Bip sb y'x= 2 +0 (wybn in theo x 2 97) @x+ye")+(y + xeWy'=0 Dip sb x? + e+ 5 = C (vi phan on pi) Dip 38. x= (y + Ce” Ctuyén tinh theo x) Dip sb 7 +e'= 1-+e, (ch ign) (2) 100) y'=xy42x-y-2 Dipsé y=-2+ Ce” | (téchbiéay 101) + & sa (y +20) = 0 Dipsd y+3yt'+4°=C (ing cdp) 102) y= 2677 +x" Dip sb x=y Zin] y| +C) (tuyén tinh theo x) 103) y= QQ xoyed : du_4t-3u Hung dln; Taéx=t-4, y=u-1, St way =2 : aac en ge cesas ee 2 X44 _in\Cly-2x-7)| voi C=20 9 sata “Inu -28-0| vot 0-4 104) Hugg din Phuong tinh nly 0 dang phuong tinh vi phn tuyén ih ep 1 =P +1 (a 1 x| Tacs dx = +2) dems Faron #3) Oo Chon Ps) = In Tach eM = [Nehiém eta phuomg trinh 1a 2 pet y=GY. Nguyén Thanh Vi x41 Trang 22 v@) 105) * Xét vin btm nghitn cia phsong tinh vi phi x(1-+32) 91 ‘Mes sinh vie gd i su: x tx yy Chia hai vl cho x42 adage 1 x(x? +1) ‘Bay Li mét phuong trinh vi phn tuyén tinh cap 1 thuan nhét. pure “1 Ta0b ax f(=2 far 8G ¢| " V6: C la hing sb ty Ve +1 ‘Vay nghigm ting quit eda phuromg tinh vi phan la Voi K li hing s6 tly ¥. ‘Hay viét hoan chinh Iii giai nay. ‘Hudng din — Dé trinh truimg hop x = 0, ta sé tim nghigm trén min (— °0, 0) va nghigm mién (0, + ©). Sau do ‘suy ra nghigm trén mién (— 0, + 20). x(1+x'jy'-y=0 > y' - —>— y=0 ("1 e Y" xatap” 7 ‘Day 1a mt phuong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cp 1. A ease latae le vx? a1 Ix] Vea +k Chon P(x) = In Tathiy Dodd Goi yi la nghigm cia phuong trinh vi phiin trén mién (0, + 00) vd y> la nghiém trén mién (2, 0) thi Yi, Yo 06 dang nbu két qua trén nhumg gid tri hing C e6 thé Khe nan, “Ta ghép nd ai him aby, 2 86 hm sb y xe in rn (+) nu saGV Nguyén Thanh xe(=,0) 1, x=0 1 xe(0,42) Vee ‘Tad lim y.{x)=0 va lim y,(x)=0, do dé chon y(0)= 0 thi him y liga te ai 0 ~Tacd Tim yg) = lim =K we fee ga {do 6 dgo him y(0) tin ti nbu va chi néu K =C, khi dS y(O)=C. “DE kidin him y 06 thoa phuong trinh vi phn ti x =O, ta phi thi cdc gi tr x= 0, y(0), (0) vio vé ‘ci ea phuong trinh vi phan ban di, ta thy 9 =0(1+0) 0-0 =0 Vay y thé phucme tinh vi pha Khi x = 0. “Tom lai, nghim ela phuong trinh vi phintrén (20, +) 1 cx xd+x%)y'=y| yO) = Vee, «) Va? +1 trong 46 Cd hing 38 ty 9 106) * ‘Hay tim nghigm eta phuong trinh vi phn x(1+x°)y'— ("= Dy +2 Huong din; Gia twong bat 105, kt qua a yx 107) * ‘Et bai ton tm gig trén Tn su: 2 ajy'te* y=1 , y(O)=-1 byeY* yt (nl2—xlpy=4 , y(I)=2 ‘iy dim khong 1m nhdt ma bi tGan vino nghigm dy ni ‘Huéng din 4) Phuenatrinh c6 dang tuyén tn cdp mot. Cac hg sb 18 him iém eye tem (nem =) Phuong tinh 6 dang tuyén tinh cp mat Vx chi xée dinh khix> 0 Khix=1 thi [2—x] inl Khodng Icha 1 on nhée dé e°* vain [2—x] ten we ta ‘Vay dap 56 la I= (0, 2). 108) * Hay tim nhitng dmg true giao (orthogonal trajectories) véi ho parabol y = mx”, trong dé m la ‘tham 56, Chis thich: Duong cong (C) duge goi li duimg trye giao véi ho parabol y = mx? néu né 6 tinh chit ‘sau; Coi M fd mét diém tity ¥ thuge (C), tin tai m sao cho M thude parabol_y= mx’ , déng thai tiép ‘tuyén cia (C) va tiép tuyén cia parabol y ~ mx’ tai M vudng gée véi nhau, Col (x,y) la diém ty § trong mit phing xOyGY. Neuyén Thanh Va- 2009 Trang 24 Trung bgp x=0 vi y #0: Goi yi = 1G) la phuong trinh cua parabot Py qua (x,y) Goi y2= y2() Id phuong tinh cua dung true giao C; qua (x,y). “Ta phi oC, tne gino v6i Py (xy) te Parabol Py 66 phuong trinh y = mx? nén y = Towing hap x= Otay y= 0 ' “Towing hap nay mg vr (x, 3) nim tr rye hon hay tre sung. Néa dé (x,y) my kg phi abe Oth khong xt drm inc giao do Kivng cb parabol no qua (x,y). Diém g6c (0,0) khong ‘thude cae duéng cong (*) va ta khong cén quan tm. 2 ~ Két an Ho cfc dime trv siao v6i ho parabol y = mx” li eae eli y? +75 =C (v6i cae C 1a tham 36) b6 di cdc diém trén true hoinh va cic diém trén tryc tung, a xy? 109) * Cho baitoin didukign dau) Y= *¥ ¥(0) Hy chimg minh bai toén c6 vé sé nh Xét phuong tink vi phan = Trae hit ta Sp dung phuomg phip tich bign Gia sir him 8 y fun kinic0. Chia ai vé cho y® ta duge yh yex ~ Kim tre ip ti prog tinh vi phi (1), ‘a thiy ham s6 dang soul nghidm ten R cia ‘Phuong tein vi pha (1): 2 ye 3 an 20} sic unig ~Dya vio didu kign du , a dink C nur sau y(0)=0=> 0=2(0+C)? > C=0. Do dé, hai him s6 e6 phuvong trinh sau la nhhigm trén R cia bai toan dang xét 3 yet WB —Ngodi ra, him hing y= 0 cing la nghigm tea Reta bai in nly.Toe GIAITICHA __ GV Nguyén Thanh a 2009 Trang 25 Sau diy, ta sé chimg minh cae him s6 dui dy cing li nghigm teén Rc bai ton dang xét 0 , xem yo = ( a8 seg YH ham sn 8 ng a «+ Trade hét ta thy y(0) = 0, rt y thd diu kin diu cia bai tos, a3 (x2-m? rod sm"p + Teaing hop x O-nén ehi xét_y’ @ _Ap dung phuong php giai phuong trinh vi phin diing clip, ta agt u=* thi y= ux va ix-+u, Phuong trinh vi phan (3) ts thin! aisle? Dos vxtussbeview yi+u? -G+u?) CChuyén qua dang phvong tinh ich bin u ai Veed a ieat) - teat ws Vive? a oY ‘Trong tich phan trén ta nh thiy néu dat W = fg aW = J% x tay in |W] wxtC, v6i Cla hing sé, 3 7 HOG, voi CH ng 6, Ta thly him sb mim due eh i nghife ea (1) bu C0 Bly it tim ng thoa phuomg rink, 20¥x-: Hagin ti ‘Tathdy him sé mdi tim duge ei i nghifm cia (1) néu C30, 11) Hay tim nghigm eta phuomg trinh vi phin (y")'-Axyy"+8)70. ‘Hung din: Bua vé dang x-fly.y"). Dit u=y"_ va lay dao ham hai vé theo y, ta dua vé phuimg trinh vi ‘phn ihm 961 wv bi © hac, aa I . ‘Li giai, Xe (y’)dxyy"+8y"=0. a “Ta im nghigm oie phuong trinh sau We ae ve Tassé tinh y* theo y, ri thé bigu thie may vio (2) hay (1). Dit way’ va thy dgo him hai vb cia (2) theo y, véi hou § = a 2 ,(u ada oly ear syn t=) dy 2y(u'-4y" ex wing ptt te du 1 : Tasuya ey Dogs um Cy?, voi Ching 8, ne ay ye 8 "Th he ia phon in phn (1) de Cy sexy H9e9 (0 —Aeee8y. To C -sexety 0 asapndaneyd Ux CF oToén GIAITICHAS __GV Nguyén Thanh Vit- 2009 Trang 29 “Tir him 36 dang (3), bing céch kim tre tgp thi ta thdy bm sO saw Ti nghigm én R eta (1 y= K¢c KY voi K la hing trong dé bao gm ci nehiém hing y=. ~ Bly git ta xét thém trai hop w'-4y"= 0. hi do u=(4y*)?. Thay biéu de mly vo (1) vi y'=u, ta age. 4y*—Axy (4y")+8y"=0 4 Suy ra y=) 116) Hi tim nghigo cia phucmg trinh vi phn y=y"x+ (F. Hugg din: Phuong woh ndy 6 dang y= y'x4W(y"). Dit u-y" v Hy do him hai v8 theo x, a duge ‘Phuong rib vi phn vi him 8 i va bidn 8 i Li it x yeh 0 At u=y’. Ly dgo ham hai é cia (1) theo x, a duge: The y 6 phuong tinh trén vao phuong tinh dui ta dupe weu'xtut 2uu’ <> u'Qutx)-0, $0. Mm ny cong meio ttn oa plo rn vi phn (1), -C. Thé y'=C vito (1) ta thu duge y=Cx+C* ‘trén R cia phe ‘tinh vi phan (1) YnCevCe i Cl ing ~ Xét truimg bop 2u+x=0: They’ 0 (1 ta thu due y= [Nahi tréa R cia phuong tinh viphan(1) Hh y=—: 117) Hay tim nghigm cia phutong trinh vi phn y= (y"Vxt (y")- iging di: Phuong tinh dang y= a(°)8"). Dit u-y a ly dao him bai vé theo x,t oe Phong rink vi phn vi him sabia i sii xe OOF o patuy' dy do him hai vé cia phurong tinh vi phan (1) theo x, a due yaay yy aay y” eo (yxy yyy) fay (2-20) man (Coiu ti tham s6,ta dua ve. phurong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cita ham x theo biém s6 u nhur sau: du wu) SY 2ux= 20, CH ~ Xét tering hop u-u'e 0: du 22 Tad phuong inh 8 + 2 x= Nehigm cia phuomg tinh nay 18 aaa ‘v6i Cy li hing 96 e vi bid the da x theo w vio (1), ta duge ¢. one 1 or eo [is | (wy “Tatu dye mt hm 36 66 phuomg tinh thar 38 ne (2) va (3). Bay gta kh ut Wg theca ytheo x meas aye Ss 8) os) a hc iy neGV. Nguyén Thanh Via-_ 2009 Téan Gidi Tich Ad Trang 30 y-(JeFT+C) hose y=(JTRFD+C)'. wi Ci hing ‘Kiéen try tip, ta thy km sb sou 1A nghigm trén [-1,+0 ) cba phuromg trinh vi phn (1): (J++) véiC thing sb ~~ Xétinimg hop w- u's 0: Thay y'=0= 0 vio (1), tathiy hm hing y= 0 18 nghifm cba phasong tah (1). Thay y’==I vio (1), ta thay ham y=x+1 1a nghigm cia phwong trinh (1). 118). Hiiy tim nghiin cia phuong tinh viphin y"+ én (y")-y-0. ‘Huéng din: Ba vé dang yy") 1b coi y” Is ham st. Sou 46 suy ra big thie ety theo va bia the x theo Phusomg trinh twomg durmg li y=y"+ En oi y’ li tham s6 t Ta c6 phuromg tinh eva y theo tham s6 ta y=t> £7, ‘Sau day ta tim phuong trinh cua x theo than sé dx_dxdy_1dy ‘(14) ut rt au dy Dodd MOT SO TU TIENG ANH LIEN QUAN TOI CHUONG 1 Ditferential Equations ‘Ordinary Differential Equations (ODF). arial Differential Equations (PDF). Existence and uniqueness of a solution, Interval of existence and uniqueness. Direction Fields. Initial-value problem (IVP). ‘A solution ofthe equation= An integral ofthe First-order ordinary differential equation ‘Trivial solution. ‘An integral curve~ A solution curve. Explicit and implicit solutions. Separable Equation. Family of solutions, Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations. General Solution. Nonhomogeneous Linear Differential Equations. ‘lich tham Khao: — DENNIS G.ZILL, Differential Equations with Modeling Applications, Brooks/Cole, 2001 = RICHARD K. MILLER, Introduction to Differential Equations, Prentice-Hall , — WILLIAM R. DERRICK ~ STANLEY I. GROSSMAN, Elementary Differential Equations, ‘Addison ~ Wesley, 1997 ~ R. KENT NAGLE/EDWARD B. SAFF, Fundamentals of Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, Addison ~ Wesley Publishing Company, 1993. = WILLIAM E. BOYCE. Flementary Differential Equations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1997. — NGUYEN THE HOAN-PHAM PHU -Co sa Phuong tinh vi phn va ly thuyét bn dinh. Nha xuit ‘bin Gido Duc-2000 = MORRRIS W. HISCH, STEPHEN SMALE, Phurong tinh vi phn ~ Hé Déng Ine va Dai s6 tuyén tinh, Nha xuit bin Dai Hoe vi Trung Hoe Chuyén Nghigp, 1979. = MARTIN BRAVN, Differential Equations and Their Application, Spriger - Verlag, 1993, — FRANK R, GIORDANO ~ MAURIVE D. WEIR, Differentiadl Equations, Addison ~ Wesley, 1988. ‘inh vign vai Tong thing xuyéa cot thong bio ten wed wownguyenthanhvncom — hoe swe. math hemuns.edu.sn/=ntvu iin st Neuyén Thanh Va , 38639 467, nguyenthanhvus0@emaieomTodn GIITICHAS __ GV Nguyén Thank Vi- 2009 Trang 31. CHUGNG 2 PHUONG TRINH VI PHAN TUYEN TINH CAP HAL ‘Trong chuong nay, I doe ky higu Wi mgt ip lin thing trong IR, te Hed mét wong ee dang sau 20.2), (8) 81 +) 92, (iy Rae Ie a [Bt XO) EX #2) 204 L.SU-TON TALVA DUY NHAT CUA NGHIEM 14. Dinh nghia Phurmg trinh vi phi tayo tn cp al Tb pong Wink wi pin © dang y"* poy’ + qooy= fay a teong dp, g 8 cde him 36 theo mt big x = Him s6 y~ y(x) duge go nghigm cia phoma tinh vi phn (1) trén Indu YO+POYI+qI Y= MY, VET ‘rong 48 y'y" la dao ham cép 1 va dao him cap 2 eta him s8 y theo bign 36x. = Néu f(x) = 0 thi phuong teh (1) duge gol phomg tinh vi phin tuyén in ep hai thudn nb 1.2. Pht biéu dinh if v8 sw tn tai vi duy nh nghiém "Xét bi tod (e6 diga kigu du) sau ¥" CH peRy'C+q(R)yAI=A), VET FOI. YO ey, trong 46 x € 1Va yu, YW ede hing 6. Gil sr cic him a6, b, fla ye tr Khi d6 bai ton ludn lun e8 nghigm duy nit y= y(x) teen I 2. NGHIEM TONG QUAT CUA PHUONG TRINH THUAN NHAT. 2.1, Dinh Is (dink Is 16 hop nghigm) ist y, vi y> li nghigm trén Icha phuong tinh thuln mht y" tplay’ + aex)y=0. Khi dé = crys + cys (vbi cs Ae Mc Do y;vty2 I nghifm eta phoma tinh én wi mix thug Ita 6: y! de peady;(@)+qQdy, (2)=0 YEO PCOYSOD+G()Y200=0 hin ai vé eda phuong trinh tén choc, va nh hai vé cia phuongtrinh dud choc», ri come VE, ta duge i ax! oorey! pinta [eyltayseyi(n) +atn) [ey t0+e,9300)]-0. Suy a ¥S(O#PCOY\(X)+G0R¥00)=0 ‘Vay ys la nghigm cia phuomg trin vi phn 2.2. Bbc Hip tuyén tink 2.2.1, Dinh nga dbe lap tnyén tink ‘Xét hai him 96 y, va ys xde din trénT Hai him sé y; va ye duge goi li de Kap tuyén tinh trén I néu va chi néu (encre R,Vxel, exits) *eysQ)=0) => (e=0 Aa=0) = Hai ham s6 y, vay, duge goi Id phy thuge tayén tinh néu ching khéng die ip tuyén tinh 222% Cho la hrs Tien ue va Toon de Oe, ‘1s hm tren Uva King i him ng Gist ¥:6)= vO 1G), veel hi d6 y, yo I hai heim s6 dlp tuyén tin erén 1GY. Neuyén Thanh Va- 2009, Trang 32 Coie, ¢ ld cée hing s6 ty ¥, Giasit ey) +eys)-0 , Yael Khid6, wii mgi x= Tia ey 00) + exv(x) ¥(0) = 0 yi) [er tems) ey + epv(x) = 0 (do yx) #0) [Néa es #0 v(x)= — £1, ida ny v0 If vv kong i him hing. By Do die:=0, Suy ra e1=0. Vay y vhs loptuyén i 22.3. Dinh mghta him sb Wronski Gia sty, ys [hai ham Kha vi trén I. Ham s6 Wronski eta y, vi ys (ky iu W(s, y3) dave dinh nghia 1 him s6 xc din én T va 06 bigu thie WO.) = WOOYLO0-¥{@)y.0), Ya ET [Néu sie dng ky higa doh tie thi yi) y208) vie _ys0) 10) 00 9 _ys00 |" WO)" 2.24, Dinh I v8 dip ord tinh Gis si yi, ys Hr nghigan ten Ta phvong wah vi phn y"+ptay' tay =0 ; hi 45, hai him s6 ys, ye de lp tay ti tra I nuvi chi nd Buel. Wiyny) #0 hima minh = Gii sirtba tai x, © I thoa WO 32) G) #0 CCoi ci ¢5 1 hai hing 36 tay ¥sa0 cho eine) + ex) Ly dao ham hai vé ta duge exyi(x)teqys()=0 véi moi xe Ta o6 bg hai phuong tinh be nh vi dn ac, vlc; nhw sau ee civix, 4eay [Nh hai vé phuong trnh rén cho (x), ahi hai vé phuongtrinh dub cho yt), ri tev ta ge (ViGOEINEI2E,)) 20 > WOK). =0 €1=0 Tuong t,t tim duge Vay yi. ys de lap tuyén tnd : — Gia sir ( boi phuong phap phan chimg) rang W(y, y2) (x) = 0 vai moi xe 1 Tas chimg minh ys, ys phy thude tuyen tinh du y(0)= — ys) Voi moi xe Thi vay py thuge yen ‘Sau day ta xét truimg hop tin tai x € I thoa yi(Xo) #2 (Xo). Dit ysreiyrteays , VOi_¢1 = yal.) va c2 ~~ yi(X). Do nguyén ly t6 hop nghigm thi ys LA nghigm cia prong trinh y"+ptxly'+a(x)y=0. Mit Khic, ta 06 Y3(Xo ey] Xq)+e2¥2(Xq)=¥2(XO V1 Xo )*(-Y1 XO) ¥2(%0)=0, VAC) =e194 (Xo)+eay4(X9)=V2.Ko)¥{ Ko )-¥19)¥4 (Ko)=WO L492 MXg)=0- Do d6 ys la nghigm cia bai ton poe ta khéng edn ching minh tép, ¥0%,)=0, y)=0. ‘Ta thiy him hing y = 0 cing la nghigm cia bai toa, Theo dink ly duy shit nghigm (inh 1 1.2) tht ys) Ov6i mei x 1Todn GIITICHAS __ GV Nguyén Thank Vi- 2009 Trang 33 Suy ma yalKs) ys) + yiG) Ya) =O vGi moi x ET, trong dé hing sd yuKJ@Ohay — -¥%0)}# 0 (do hai sb nay Khe nau). Do dé yi, ye phy thuge tuyén tinh, Dinh Ij dl dye chimg minh, 2.3. Dinh Ij vé nghiém ting quét /Xét phuong trinh vi phan ep hai thudn nhat y+ play +q(any =0 ‘tong dé céc him sé pq liém ye én I. ‘Gist, ysl hai aghigm cla phuong rin vi phi va de Ip tuyéa tinh tre hid, nahigm ting quét cia phuwong tinh vi phin li Sey, ev tong d 6, eld cde hing sb ‘Ghitihichs : ‘© Nghigm y= ciy + cys, véi ci vies i cée hiing s6, duge goi Ia nghigm téng quét vi hai tinh chat sau ding ‘), Moi him sé e6 dang yey: + ey du Ik nghigm ca phuong tri vi phi, trong 46 ev 18 cic hing sty 'b) Moi nghigm y = y(x) cua pheong tinh vi phin du e6 dang Y=eN) Fe HONE AS}, cy I ee ng 8, ‘Hai nghigm de Tip tuyen tinh y), yo duge epi li hai nghig co sb + Khong gian gim it e@ ese nghifmn 1A mpt khong gian 2 chidu, ‘Ching minh dink = Xéthim s6 c6 dang yey; + cays ¥6i cs val 2 li cic hing 8, ‘Ap dung dinh ly t6 hop nghigm 2.1, tae6y la nghigm cia phuong tinh vi phan. = Coi@ li mbt nghigm ty ¥ cn phimg trib vi phn Ta 8 chimg minh & 6 dang y = ey, + exy2 Voi cy Vi cH cde ings. Hat him 9 de ip yn th nhc i 2.24 i € 1 Wo) #0 yyyhenprvfingdy (rg)! Goiki= 0 (a) vAk:= OC), : XE nghigm y; ~., yi +exy ea prong trnh vi phn véi cde hing see duge chon sa cho ge __Krstna rhayate) YC IRR» [EY RMI, | RIC )-F VsH%) ¥50%, hy Levit, Meavy(n eke), yobs )ke-¥iGe.) ke 7 Yul 9% )-Fi (oa) (trong 46 miu sé chinh li W(y, y2)(%,) nén khée 0). = Xét hi ton -+a(ay'+b¢x)y=0 yea, ik, YG “Ta thiy © va ys cing Ii nghim eta bai ton tb, do 46 vay, tring nhau (theo din IY 1.2), vey tiated @=ciy, Hoy» ‘BAI tips Bai tip we 119 161125 3, PHUONG TRINH TUYEN TINH THUAN NHAT VOI HE SO HANG ‘Xét phuong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cp hai thuan nhat e6 h§ so hang ay" bye ~0 trong dé ab, i eéc hing 6 thuc via #0 Phong ih tanga phog Ui phn ny de ish gia pong ah Wha ‘Porte=0 Chis thick Phucmg trinh ay" +by’ +6 sae. 8 4, fuomg duong vi phuong inh "+ Py's Ey = 0 (obua x0),