, ,
. , ,
[ (. . . .)]
,
; ,
;
,
;
,
,
; ,
; ,
;
,
,
; ,
; ,
; ,
,
; ,
; ,
;
,
, ,
tmemygewduxm
1-*Pe0g&jyjcif;
wpfq,fhajcmufyg;aom rSD&m&Sdaom tmemygewdorm"dukd yGg;rsm;aom yk*dKvftm;
PfESpf&mausmfwdkYonf jzpfukef\/ wm;jrpfjcif; Pf&Spfyg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? aus;Zl;jyKjcif;
Pf&Spfyg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? npfnL;jcif; Pfwpfq,fh&Spfyg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? jzLpifjcif;
Pfwpfq,fhokH;yg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? owdjyKjcif; PfokH;q,hfESpfyg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? orm"d\
tpGrf;tm;jzifh PfESpfq,fhav;yg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? 0dyem\tpGrf;tm;jzifh Pf
ckepfq,fhESpfyg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? edAd'gPf&Spfyg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? edAd'gEkavmrPf&Spfyg;wdkY
vnf;aumif;? edAd'gy#dy'dPf&Spfyg;wdkYvnf;aumif;? 0drkwdcsrf;omESifh
,SOfaomPfhESpfq,fhwpfyg;wdkY vnf;aumif;? odkY PfESpf&mausmfwdkY jzpfukef\/
wm;jrpfjcif; Pf&Spfyg;ESifh aus;Zl;jyKjcif; Pf&Spfyg;wdkYum; tb,fwdkYenf;/
umrpEonf orm"dudk wm;jrpfwwf\/ psmefonf orm"dtm; aus;Zl;jyKwwf\/ a'go onf
orm"dudk wm;jrpfwwf\/ arwmonf orm"dtm; aus;Zl;jyKwwf\/ xderd'onf orm"d udk
wm;jrpfwwf\/ tmavmuonmonf orm"dtm; aus;Zl;jyKwwf\/ ysHUvGifhjcif; ]O'p}onf orm"dudk
wm;jrpfwwf\/ rysHUvGifhjcif;onf orm"dtm; aus;Zl;jyKwwf\/ ,kHrSm;jcif;onf orm"dudk
wm;jrpfwwf\/ w&m;udk ydkif;jcm;rSwfom;jcif;onf orm"dtm; aus;Zl;jyKwwf\/ t0dZmonf orm"dudk
wm;jrpfwwf\/ Pfonf orm"dtm; aus;Zl;jyKwwf\/ rarGUavsmfjcif; onf orm"dudk
wm;jrpfwwf\/ 0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf orm"dtm; aus;Zl;jyKwwf\/ tukodkvf w&m;tm;vHk;wdkYonfvnf;
orm"dudk wm;jrpfwwfukef\/ ukodkvfw&m;tm;vHk;wdkYonfvnf; orm"dtm; aus;Zl;jyKwwfukef\/
um; wm;jrpfjcif; Pf&Spfyg;ESifh aus;Zl;jyKjcif; Pf &Spfyg;wdkYwnf;/
a&S;OD;pGmaom *Pe0g& NyD;\/
------
2-aomVoPf tus,fjyjcif;
wpfq,fhajcmufyg;aom tjcif;t&mwdkYjzifh tqifhqifhyGg;rsm;tyfaom pdwfonf vnf;aumif;?
aumif;pGm tqifhqifhyGg;rsm;tyfaom pdwfonfvnf;aumif; wpfckwnf;aom tmkH wnf\/ eD0&PwdkYrS
pifMu,f\/ xdkwpfckwnf;aomtmkH wnfaomw&m;wdkYonf tb,f wdkYenf;/
psmefonf wpfckwnf;aom tmkH&Sd\/ arwmonf wpfckwnf;aom tmkH&Sd\/ tmavmu
onmonf wpfckwnf;aom tmkH&Sd\/ rysHUvGifhjcif;onf wpfckwnf;aom tmkH&Sd\/ w&m;udk ydkif;jcm;
rSwfom;Edkifjcif;onf wpfckwnf;aom tmkH&Sd\/ Pfonf wpfckwnf;aom tmkH&Sd\/
0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf wpfckwnf;aom tmkH&Sd\/ ukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkYonfvnf; wpfckwnf; aom
tmkH&Sdukef\/
eD0&P[l&m eD0&Pw&m;wdkYonf tb,fwdkYenf;/
umrpEonf eD0&Pw&m; rnf\? Asmyg'onf eD0&Pw&m; rnf\/ xderd'onf eD0&Pw&m;
rnf\/ O'pukuKponf eD0&Pw&m; rnf\/ 0dpdudpmonf eD0&Pw&m; rnf\/ t0dZmonf
tm;ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf jzpf\/tMuifESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onfhtMuif0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf
tMuiftjym;tm;jzifh 0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf tMuif&Tifjcif;onf tMuif tjym;tm;jzifh &Tifjcif;onf
tMuifESpfoufjcif;onf tMuifwuf<ujcif;onf pdwf\ tMuifESpfvdkjcif;onf &Sd\/ tvHk;pHkaom
um,\ tp? tv,f? tqHk;udk xifpGmjyKonfjzpf xGufouf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh/pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif;
rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaomyk*dKvf tm;ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf
jzpf\/tMuifESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onfhtMuif0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf tMuiftjym;tm;jzifh
0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf tMuif&Tifjcif;onf tMuif tjym;tm;jzifh &Tifjcif;onf tMuifESpfoufjcif;onf
tMuifwuf<ujcif;onf pdwf\ tMuifESpfvdkjcif;onf &Sd\/ um,ocFg&udk Nidrf;aponfjzpf 0ifouf\
tpGrf;tm;jzifh/pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom yk*dKvf tm;ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf
jzpf\/tMuifESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf tMuif0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf tMuiftjym;tm;jzifh 0rf;
ajrmufjcif;onf tMuif&Tifjcif;onf tMuiftjym;tm;jzifh &Tifjcif;onf tMuifESpfoufjcif;onf
tMuifwuf<uaom pdwf&Sdjcif;onf pdwf\ tMuifESpfvdkjcif;onf &Sd\/ um,ocFg&udk Nidrf;
aponfjzpf xGufouf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom yk*dKvf
tm;ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf jzpf\/tMuifESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf tMuif0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf
tMuiftjym;tm;jzifh 0rf; ajrmufjcif;onf tMuif&Tifjcif;onf tMuiftjym;tm;jzifh &Tifjcif;onf
tMuifESpfoufjcif;onf tMuifwuf<uaom pdwf&Sdjcif;onf pdwf\ tMuifESpfvdkjcif;onf &Sd\/
onfvQif yDwd rnf\/
xdkyDwdonf tb,fodkYvQif xif&Sm;oenf;/
&Snfaom0ifouf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom yk*dKvftm;
owdonf xif\/ xdkowdjzifh xdkPfjzifh xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ &SnfaomxGufouf\tpGrf;tm;jzifh
pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom yk*dKvftm; owdonf xif\/ xdkowdjzifh xdkPfjzifh
xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ wdkaom 0ifouf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifhpdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom
yk*dKvftm; owdonf xif\/ xdkowdjzifh xdkPfjzifh xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ wdkaom
xGufouf\tpGrf;tm;jzifhpdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom yk*dKvftm; owdonf xif\/
xdkowdjzifh xdkPfjzifh xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ tvHk;pHkaom um,\ tp? tv,f? tqHk;udk
xifpGmjyKonfjzpf 0ifouf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh/ pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom yk*dKvftm;
owdonf xif\/ xdkowdjzifh xdkPfjzifh xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/tvHk;pHkaom um,\ tp? tv,f?
tqHk;udk xifpGmjyKonfjzpf xGufouf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh/pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom
yk*dKvftm; owdonf xif\/ xdkowdjzifh xdkPfjzifh xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ um,ocFg&udk
Nidrf;aponf jzpf 0ifouf\tpGrf;tm;jzifh/pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom yk*dKvftm;
owdonf xif\/ xdkowdjzifh xdkPfjzifh xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ um,ocFg&udk Nidrf;aponfjzpf
xGufouf\tpGrf;tm;jzifh pdwf\ wnfMunfjcif; rysHUvGifhjcif;udk odaom yk*dKvftm; owdonf xif\/
xdkowdjzifh xdkPfjzifh xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/
qifjcifaomyk*dKvftm; xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/odaomyk*dKvftm;xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/
Iaomyk*dKvftm; xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/Iqifjcifaomyk*dKvftm; pdwfudk aqmufwnfaom
yk*dKvftm;xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh qHk;jzwfaomyk*dKvftm; xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/
0D&d,udk csD;ajrmufaomyk*dKvftm; xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ owdudk xifapaomyk*dKvftm; xdkyDwdonf
xif&Sm;\/pdwfudk aumif;pGm tmHk xm;aomyk*dKvftm; xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ ynmjzifh tjym;tm;jzifh
odaom yk*dKvftm;xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ txl;od&rnfhw&m;udk txl;odaomyk*dKvftm; xdkyDwdonf
xif&Sm;\/ ydkif;jcm;od&rnfhw&m;udk ydkif;jcm;odaom yk*dKvftm;xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/
y,f&rnfhw&m;udk y,faomyk*dKvftm;xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ yGg;rsm;&rnfhw&m;udk yGg;rsm;aom yk*dKvf
tm;xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/ rsufarSmufjyK&rnfhw&m;udk rsufarSmufjyKaom yk*dKvftm; xdkyDwdonf
xif&Sm;\/ odkY xdkyDwdonf xif&Sm;\/
yDwdudk xifpGmjyKonfjzpf 0ifoufxGufouf\tpGrf;tm;jzifh (ESvkH;oGif;jcif;onf) a0'em rnf\/
xifjcif;onf owdrnf\/ tzefzefIjcif;onf Pfrnf\/ a0'emonf Oy|mernf\/
teHY ]*E} "mwf rjrJaomtm;jzifh tzefzefIonfjzpf 0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ teHY ]*E}
"mwf rjrJaom tm;jzifh tzefzefIonfjzpf xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/
vQm ]Zd0Sg} "mwf rjrJaomtm;jzifh tzefzefIonfjzpf 0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ vQm ]Zd0Sg}
"mwf rjrJaom tm;jzifh tzefzefIonfjzpf xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/
tjypfukd jrif edAmef (wpfqifhMum;\ tpGrf;jzifh) "rpEjzpf\/ ,HkMunfrIjzifh qHk; jzwf\/ xdkyk*dKvf\
pdwfonfvnf; aumif;pGm wnf\/ pdwf ]0dnmOf} "mwf wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf
0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ pdwf ]0dnmOf} "mwf wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf
xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/
]Zd0Sg,we} tjypfukd jrif edAmef (wpfqifhMum;\ tpGrf;jzifh) "rpEjzpf\/ ,HkMunfrIjzifh qHk; jzwf\/
xdkyk*dKvf\ pdwfonfvnf; aumif;pGm wnf\/ vQm[laom wnf&m ]Zd0Sg,we} wyfjcif;uif;&mukd
tzefzefIonfjzpf 0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ vQm[laom wnf&m ]Zd0Sg,we}
wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/t&om[laom wnf&m
]&om,we} tjypfukd jrif edAmef (wpfqifhMum;\ tpGrf;jzifh) "rpEjzpf\/ ,HkMunfrIjzifh qHk;
jzwf\/ xdkyk*dKvf\ pdwfonfvnf; aumif;pGm wnf\/ t&om[laom wnf&m ]&om,we}
wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf 0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ t&om[laom wnf&m
]&om,we} wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/udk,f[laom
wnf&m ]um,m,we} tjypfukd jrif edAmef (wpfqifhMum;\ tpGrf;jzifh) "rpEjzpf\/ ,HkMunfrIjzifh
qHk; jzwf\/ xdkyk*dKvf\ pdwfonfvnf; aumif;pGm wnf\/ udk,f[laom wnf&m ]um,m,we}
wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf 0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ udk,f[laom wnf&m
]um,m,we} wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k
tm;xkwf\/tawGU[laom wnf&m ]azm|Am ,we} tjypfukd jrif edAmef (wpfqifhMum;\
tpGrf;jzifh) "rpEjzpf\/ ,HkMunfrIjzifh qHk; jzwf\/ xdkyk*dKvf\ pdwfonfvnf; aumif;pGm wnf\/
tawGU[laom wnf&m ]azm|Am ,we} wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf 0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k
tm;xkwf\/ tawGU[laom wnf&m ]azm|Am ,we} wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf
xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/pdwf[laom wnf&m ]rem,we} tjypfukd jrif edAmef
(wpfqifhMum;\ tpGrf;jzifh) "rpEjzpf\/ ,HkMunfrIjzifh qHk; jzwf\/ xdkyk*dKvf\ pdwfonfvnf;
aumif;pGm wnf\/ pdwf[laom wnf&m ]rem,we} wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf
0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ pdwf[laom wnf&m ]rem,we} wyfjcif;uif;&mukd
tzefzefIonfjzpf xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/ "rmkH[laom wnf&m ]"rm,we} tjypfukd
jrif edAmef (wpfqifhMum;\ tpGrf;jzifh) "rpEjzpf\/ ,HkMunfrIjzifh qHk; jzwf\/ xdkyk*dKvf\
pdwfonfvnf; aumif;pGm wnf\/ "rmkH[laom wnf&m ]"rm,we} wyfjcif;uif;&mukd
tzefzefIonfjzpf 0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ "rmkH[laom wnf&m ]"rm,we}
wyfjcif;uif;&mukd tzefzefIonfjzpf xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/
]Zmwd}csKyfojzifh b0onf csKyf\/ (eD;aom) taMumif;jzpfjcif; ]yb0} csKyfojzifhb0 onf csKyf\/ ]Zeu}
taMumif;csKyfojzifh b0onf csKyf\/ taxmuftyHh ]Oyxru} taMumif;csKyfojzifh b0onf csKyf\/
0dyemPf? r*fPfjzpfojzifh b0onf csKyf\/ csKyfNidrf;&m edAmefxifojzifh b0 onf csKyf\/
&Spfyg;aom tjcif;t&mwdkYjzifhb0 onf csKyf\/
ig;yg;aom tjcif;t&mwdkYjzifhb0 tjypfukdjrif &Spfyg;aom tjcif;t&mwdkYjzifh csKyf&m b0
"rpEjzpf\/ ,HkMunfrIjzifh qHk;jzwf\/ xdkyk*dKvf\ pdwfonfvnf;aumif;pGm wnf\/ b0csKyf&m edAmefudk
tzefzefIonfjzpf 0ifoufudk &SLtHh[k tm;xkwf\/ b0csKyf&m edAmefudk tzefzefIonfjzpf
xGufoufudk xkwftHh[k tm;xkwf\/
tndKa&mif
tjzLa&mif
t0ga&mif
teDa&mif