Time: 2 hours Total Marks: 40

Section-A (Reading) 25 Marks

Read the passage titled The History of Early Cinema and answer questions 1 13.

The History of Early Cinema

Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credited with the invention of
cinema, the British and the Germans played a relatively small role in its worldwide exploitation, It was
above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the
new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. In terms of artistic
development it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the
First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part.

In the end, it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films. By
protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant
position on the world market by the start of the First World War. The centre of film-making had moved
westwards, to Hollywood, and it was films from these new Hollywood studios that flooded onto the
world's film markets in the years after the First World War, and have done so ever since. Faced with total
Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive. The Italian industry, which had
pioneered the feature film with spectacular films like Quo vadis? (1913) and Cabiria (1914), almost
collapsed. In Scandinavia, the Swedish cinema had a brief period of glory, notably with powerful epic
films and comedies. Even the French cinema found itself in a difficult position. In Europe, only Germany
proved industrially capable, while in the new Soviet Union and in Japan the development of the cinema
took place in conditions of commercial isolation.

Hollywood took the lead artistically as well as industrially. Hollywood films appealed because they had
better-constructed narratives, their special effects were more impressive, and the star system added a new
dimension to screen acting. If Hollywood did not have enough of its own resources, it had a great deal of
money to buy up artists and technical innovations from Europe to ensure its continued dominance over
present or future competition.

From early cinema, it was only Americana slapstick comedy that successfully developed in both short and
feature format. However, during this 'Silent Film' era, animation, comedy, serials and dramatic features
continued to thrive, along with factual films or documentaries, which acquired an increasing
distinctiveness as the period progressed. It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved
commercial success, this time thanks almost exclusively to the French and the occasional German film.
Of the countries which developed and maintained distinctive national cinemas in the silent period, the
most important were France, Germany and the Soviet Union. Of these, the French displayed the most
continuity, in spite of the war and post-war economic uncertainties. The German cinema, relatively
insignificant in the pre-war years, exploded on to the world scene after 1919. Yet even they were both
overshadowed by the Soviets after the 1917 Revolution. They turned their back on the past, leaving the
style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the emigres who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.
The other countries whose cinemas changed dramatically are: Britain, which had an interesting but
undistinguished history in the silent period; Italy, which had a brief moment of international fame just
before the war; the Scandinavian countries, particularly Denmark, which played a role in the development
of silent cinema quite out of proportion to their small population; and Japan, where a cinema developed

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based primarily on traditional theatrical and, to a lesser extent, other art forms and only gradually adapted
to western influence.

Question: Look at the following statements (Questions 1-9) and the list of countries below. Match each
statement with the correct country, A-J. Write the correct letter, A-J, in your answer sheet. NB You may
use any letter more than once. 9x1=9
List of Countries
A France
B Germany
C USA
D Denmark
E Sweden
F Japan
G Russia
H Italy
I Britain
J China

(1) It helped other countries develop their own film industry.

(2) It was the biggest producer of films.
(3) It was first to develop the 'feature' film.
(4) It was responsible for creating stars.
(5) It made the most money from 'avantgarde' films.
(6) It made movies based more on its own culture than outside influences.
(7) It had a great influence on silent movies, despite its size.
(8) After the World War I it was industrially capable to produce cinemas in Europe.
(9) Its cinemas changed dramatically after the 1917 Revolution.

Question: Answer the following questions.

(10)Which two types of film were not generally made in major studios? 2
(11) Which type of film did America develop in both short and feature films? 1
(12) Which type of film started to become profitable in the 'silent' period? 1
(13) Which three possible reasons for American dominance of the film industry are given in the text? 3

Question: Read the passage on making a pizza and choose the correct option for the following questions
14-22. 9x1=9

Many people like to eat pizza, but not everyone knows how to make it. Making the perfect pizza can be
complicated, but there are lots of ways for you to make a more basic version at home.
When you make pizza, you must begin with the crust. The crust can be hard to make. If you want to make
the crust yourself, you will have to make dough using flour, water, and yeast. You will have to knead the

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dough with your hands. If you do not have enough time to do this, you can use a prepared crust that you
buy from the store.
After you have chosen your crust, you must then add the sauce. Making your own sauce from scratch can
take a long time. You have to buy tomatoes, peel them, and then cook them with spices. If this sounds like
too much work, you can also purchase jarred sauce from the store. Many jarred sauces taste almost as good
as the kind you make at home.
Now that you have your crust and your sauce, you need to add the cheese. Cheese comes from milk, which
comes from cows. Do you have a cow in your backyard? Do you know how to milk the cow? Do you know
how to turn that milk into cheese? If not, you might want to buy cheese from the grocery store instead of
making it yourself.
When you have the crust, sauce, and cheese ready, you can add other toppings. Some people like to put
meat on their pizza, while other people like to add vegetables. Some people even like to add pineapple!
The best part of making a pizza at home is that you can customize it by adding your own favorite
ingredients.

(8) The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to

A. describe the history of pizza
B. teach a healthier way to make pizza
C. outline steps to make a basic pizza at home
D. provide tips about how to make your pizza especially delicious

(9) As used in paragraph 1, which word means the opposite of complicated?

A. difficult B. simple C. easy D. manageable

(10) What is the tone of the passage?

A. Serious B. Light C. Comic D. Satiric

(11) In paragraph 3, the author writes, "Many jarred sauces taste almost as good as the kind you make at
home." The purpose of this statement is to -
A. clarify a later statement
B. provide an example
C. clarify an earlier statement
D. support the previous paragraph

(12) In paragraph 4, the author asks a series of questions in order to -

A. support the idea that most people cannot make homemade cheese
B. reinforce the idea that most people probably live on farms
C. prove that store-bought cheese tastes better than homemade cheese
D. emphasize the superiority of homemade cheese over store bought cheese

(13) As used in paragraph 5, which is the best definition for customize?

A. to make personal B. to prepare for more than one
C. to eat while hot D. to desire

(14) According to the author, which of the following ingredients do you need to have ready before you
can add the toppings?
i. crust ii. sauce iii. cheese

A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III

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(15) Which of the following words best describes how the author feels about making a pizza from
scratch?
A. helpful B. understanding C. enthusiastic D. negative

(16) Which of the following conclusions would work best at the end of this passage.
A. Although the crust, sauce, and toppings are all important ingredients in pizza, it is clear that
the cheese is most important. Therefore, be sure your cheese is homemade.
B. It can be understood that making your pizza from scratch should be avoided at all costs. Use
store bought ingredients and save yourself a heap of trouble.
C. As you can see, cooking a pizza can be fun, but it can also be very expensive. But, as you can
see, the best things are worth paying for.
D. Once you have prepared the crust, sauce, cheese, and toppings, you are ready to bake your
pizza. I think you will see that making pizza at home can be a good alternative to purchasing it
from the store.

Section-B (Writing) 15 Marks

Question 1: Write about the following topic: 10

Modern lifestyles mean that many parents have little time for their children. Many children suffer because
they do not get as much attention from their parents as children did in the past.

Do you agree or disagree? Write at least 250 words.

Question: Fill in the blanks with following linking words. The last one is done for you. 5

however/ because/ finally/since/ in addition/ therefore/ although/nonetheless

One of my favorite hobbies is traveling. (2) .., I decided to get a job that paid me to travel
(3) .. I just couldnt afford my habit. I worked for a company called Offroad where I led
bicycle trips. It was a really hard job. I got to spend two months living and working in Frances wine
country. (4) .., I went to the south and stood on the red carpet where they hold the Cannes
Film Festival. Riding bikes all summer was great, and traveling around France was incredible. (5)
, the job was too much work and not enough play. (6) it fed my traveling
addiction, I knew that job wasnt for me. Finally, I left the job.

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