New 21st Century Chemistry (2nd Edition)

Suggested answers to Topic Exercise

Topic 8

1 B

2 B

3 B Butan-2-ol has two alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group.
Thus, it is a secondary alcohol.

butan-2-ol

4 D CH3CHBrCH=CHCl contains one chiral carbon. It has enantiomers.

CH3CHBrCH=CHCl has two different atoms or groups of atoms on each carbon atom of
the carbon-carbon double bond. It has cis-trans isomers.

5 A

6 B CH3CH2OH(l) + PCl5(s) CH3CH2Cl(l) + POCl3(l) + HCl(g)

7 C

8 D

9 A

10 B (1) X and Y are a pair of enantiomers.

(3) Both X and Y are optically active.

Suggested answers to Topic Exercise 1 Jing Kung. All rights reserved.

Topic 8
New 21st Century Chemistry (2nd Edition)

11 B

12 D

13 A

14 D

15 C

16 A

17 Answers for the HKASLE question are not provided.

18 a) Structural isomer compounds with the same molecular formula but differs in the order
in which atoms are linked

Stereoisomers compounds with their atoms linked in the same way but differs in the
spatial arrangement of their atoms

b) Cis-trans isomerism occurs in some alkenes because

rotation about the carbon-carbon double bond is restricted;

there are different atoms or groups of atoms on each carbon atom of the carbon-
carbon double bond.

c) Let (CH2)n be the molecular formula of compounds F, G and H.

Relative molecular mass = n(12.0 + 2 1.0)

= 14n

14n = 70.0

n=5

the molecular formula of compounds F, G and H is C5H10.

Structures of F and G:

Suggested answers to Topic Exercise 2 Jing Kung. All rights reserved.

Topic 8
New 21st Century Chemistry (2nd Edition)

Structure of H:

19 Answers for the HKASLE question are not provided.

20 Answers for the HKCEE question are not provided.

21 a) i)

ii) Rotation about the carbon-carbon double bond is restricted.

There are different atoms or groups of atoms on each carbon atom of the carbon-
carbon double bond.

b)

c) i) Acidified potassium dichromate solution

ii) Carbonyl group

d) i) Boil a liquid with a vertical condenser.

ii)

carboxyl group

22 a) Isomer B

There are two alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group.

b) Isomer C

because it is a tertiary alcohol / there is no hydrogen atom to be removed from the carbon
bearing the hydroxyl group.

Suggested answers to Topic Exercise 3 Jing Kung. All rights reserved.

Topic 8
New 21st Century Chemistry (2nd Edition)

c) Isomer B

d) Isomers A and D

e) Steamy / misty / white fumes

f) C4H9Cl + POCl3 + HCl

23 a) HOCH2CHO + 3[O] HOOCCOOH + H2O

b) HOCH2CH2OH

24 Answers for the HKDSE question are not provided.

25 Answers for the HKALE question are not provided.

26 Answers for the HKDSE question are not provided.

27 a) Carbon-carbon double bond

Hydroxyl group

b) i)

ii) Enantiomers are mirror images that are not superposable.

c) i)

ii) Ethanoic acid, concentrated sulphuric acid

d) C24H31NO + 2Br2 C24H31NOBr4

Suggested answers to Topic Exercise 4 Jing Kung. All rights reserved.

Topic 8
New 21st Century Chemistry (2nd Edition)

e) Use the minimum amount of hot solvent to dissolve the solid.

Filter to remove the insoluble impurities.

Allow the filtrate to cool slowly for crystals to re-form.

Filter off the crystals.

Wash and dry.

f) Is the drug safe?

Does the drug do the job it is designed to do?

Is it better than the standard treatment being used?

28 a) Add sodium hydrogencarbonate solution.

Only compound F gives effervescence.

b) Warm with acidified potassium dichromate solution.

Only compound J turns the orange dichromate solution green.

29 Answers for the HKDSE question are not provided.

30 Answers for the HKASLE question are not provided.

31 Answers for the HKDSE question are not provided.

32 Answers for the HKDSE question are not provided.

33 Answers for the HKASLE question are not provided.

34 Answers for the HKCEE question are not provided.

35 a) Condensation polymerization

b)

Suggested answers to Topic Exercise 5 Jing Kung. All rights reserved.

Topic 8
New 21st Century Chemistry (2nd Edition)

c)

d) There are hydrogen bonds between the polymer chains of nylon.

Only weak van der Waals forces exist between the polymer chains of polythene.

Hence nylon is stronger than polythene.

e) A hole would appear because the acid hydrolyzes the amide linkages in nylon.

f) Method I:

The waste contains toxic dichromate ions.

Method II:

Concentrated nitric acid is a strong acid. Discharge of the waste into waterways leads to
environmental pollution.

Suggested answers to Topic Exercise 6 Jing Kung. All rights reserved.

Topic 8