SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

USE
- The simple present is used to express habitual or everyday activity.
Examples: I study for two hours every day.
My classes begin at nine.
He always eats a sandwich for lunch.

- The simple present says that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and
will be true in the future. It is used for general statements of fact.
Examples: Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
Most animals kill only for food.
The world is round.

- The simple present is often used in summaries, such as book, or movies review.
Example: In her book, Browder describes the naming systems among different
ethnic groups. She also explores the psychological effects of names.

AFFIRMATIVE

01. SPEAKING
What do you do since you get up in the morning until you go to bed at night? Talk about a day in your life.

Exercise 1
On the left is a list of habits. Check your habits every morning. Put them in order. What do you do first, second, third,
etc.? Write them on the lines.

HABITS MY HABITS EVERY MORNING

_8__ eat breakfast 01. I turn off the alarm clock

____ go to work 02. I Get up of my bed

_13__ put on my clothes 03. I make the bed

__9__ drink a cup of coffee 04. I wash my face

____ shave 05. I go to the kitchen

__11__ take a shower 06. I prepare my breakfast

__2__ get up 07. I watch tv

____ pick up my laptop 08. I eat breakfast

__10__ walk to the bathroom 09. I Drink a cup of cofee

__7__ watch TV 10. I walk to the bathroom

__14__ look in the mirror 11. I take a shower

__1__ turn off the alarm clock 12. brush my teeth

__5__ go to the kitchen 13. I put on my clothes

__15__ brush/comb my hair 14. I look in the mirror

_12___ brush my teeth 15. I brush my hair
____ do exercise 16. _______________________________________________________

__4__ wash my face 17. _______________________________________________________

____ read the newspaper 18. _______________________________________________________

__6__ prepare my breakfast 19. _______________________________________________________

__3__ make my bed 20. _______________________________________________________

Exercise 2
Tell your co-worker about your habits every morning.

Exercise 3
Tell about your co-worker habits every morning.

Exercise 4
Look at the example. Tell about a typical day in your life, from the time you get up in the morning until you go to bed. Use
the following words to show the order of your activities: then, next, at oclock, after that, later.

I usually get up at seven thirty. I shave, brush my teeth, and take a shower. Then I put on my clothes and go to the student
cafeteria for breakfast. After that I go back to my room. I sometimes watch the news on TV. At 08:15, I leave the
dormitory. I go to class. My class begins at 08:30. Im in class from 08:30 to 11:30. After that I eat lunch. I usually have a
sandwich and a cup of tea for lunch. (continue until you complete your day.)

EXERCISE 4

When I wake up the first thing that I do is rub my eyes then I get up and get used to sit down over the edge of my bed, and
try to keep me awake, afterward I walk to the sink and wash my face, always I prepare my own breakfast and enjoy my
food with a coup of cofffe, I like watch t.v. while I am eating my breakfast I like to watch some musical videos and seldom I
spend 10 minutes watch them. Then I take a shower, brush my teeth and put on my clothes, comb my hair and walk to the
bus stop to go to class that begin at 10:20 pm. Im in class from 10:20 to 12:20 after that I go to my house and eat my
lunch, after my lunch I get used to take a nap and wake up at 4:30 pm and I do my homework or read about anything then
I watch the news at 7:oo pm and enjoy my dinner. I used to watch movies in the night and I used to go to bed at 11:00 pm
and thats it my typical day.

Exercise 5
Talk about your co-worker typical day in his life.

02. STRUCTUREsubject + verb + complement

a) VERB TO BE

LONG CONTRACTED Examples: I'm an English teacher

FORM FORM I'm in class.
I am Im
you are youre You're a student.
he is hes You're in class.
she is shes
it is its Karla is a nurse.
we are were She's at the hospital.
you are youre
they are theyre

EXERCISE 1
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE PRONOUN + BE.

01. Sara is a student. ____she__is_________ in my class.

02. Jim is a student. _____he is_______ in my class.

03. I have one brother. __my brother is_________ twenty years old.

04. I have two sisters. __they are_________ students.

05. I have a dictionary. _it is ________ on my desk.

06. I like my classmates. _they are____________ friendly.

07. I have three books. ___they are_______ on my desk.

08. My brother is twenty-six years old. _he is_______ married.

09. My sister is twenty one years old. _she is________ single.

10. Yoko and Ali are students. _they are________ in my class.

11. I like my books. _they are________ interesting.

12. I like grammar. _it is________ easy.

13. Kate and I live in an apartment. _we are____________ roommates.

14. We live in an apartment. __it is__________ on Pine Street.

15. I go to school. _I am__________ a student.

16. I know you. __you are________ in my English class.

b) OTHER VERBS

- In affirmative sentences apply the rules for the third singular person HE, SHE, IT.

RULES FOR THE THIRD SINGULAR PERSON (he, she, it)

01. Adds s to the verb.

- I speak English. - My niece speaks English too.

02. Verbs ending in sh, -ch, -ss, x add es.

- Alice brushes her hair every morning. - You brush your teeth every day.

03. Verbs ending in y change y to i, and add es.

- Boris worries about his bills. - We carry our books to class every day.

If you have a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + y only add s.

- Laura stays home at night. - We enjoy parties.

04. Verbs go-goes, do-does, have-has.

- I go to the movies once a month. Mary goes to the gym every evening.
- My sister has two daughters. I have a daughter and two sons.
 - Students do homework. Katy does her homework.

EXERCISE 2
WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES.

01. A bird (sing) ___sings________________________________.

02. Birds (sing) ____sing________________________________.

03. Wood (float) ____floats____________ on water.

04. Rivers (flow) ____flow____________ toward the sea.

05. My mother (worry) __worries______________ about me.

06. A student (buy) ___buys__________ a lot of books at the beginning of each term.

07. Airplanes (fly) ____fly_________ all around the world.

08. Mr. Wong (teach) ___teaches_____________ Chinese at the university.

09. The teacher (ask) ___asks____________ a lot of questions in class every evening.

10. Mr. Smith (watch) ____watches_____________ game shows on TV every evening.

11. Music (consist) _____consists_____________ of pleasant sounds.

12. Pesticides (destroy) ___destroy___________________ insects.

13. Dust (travel) __travels________________ through the air.

14. The front page of a newspaper (contain) __contains_________________________ the most important news of the day.

15. Water (freeze) _freezes_______________ at 320F (00C) and (boil) __boils________________at 2120F (1000C).

16. Ms. Taylor never (cross) __crosses_____________ the street in the middle of a block. She always (walk)
_walks_______________ to the corner and (use) ___use______________ the pedestrian walkway.

17. Many parts of the world (enjoy) _enjoys______________ four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Each
season (last) __last_______________ three months and bring changes in the weather.

NEGATIVE

01. SPEAKING
Exercise 1
Make two sentences for each picture. Use the given adjectives.

01. 02. 03. 04.

the girl/happy/sad the rose/beautiful/ugly the table/clean/dirty the little boy sick/well

05. 06. 07. 08.

the algebra problem easy/difficult the cars old/new the man friendly/unfriendly the coffee cold/hot

09. 10.

the woman tall/short Kens sister old/young

Exercise 2
Use the given words to make truthful sentences.

01. grass/blue 11. A cat/has whiskers

02. dogs/have tails 12. A bird/have whiskers
03. a restaurant/sell shoes 13. Doctors/take care of sick people
04. a restaurant/serve food 14. Doctors in Nicaragua/be expensive
05. people/wear clothes 15. A bus/carry people from one place to another
06. animals/wear clothes 16. It/be cold today
07. a child/need love, food, care, and toys 17. English/be an easy language to learn
08. a child/need a drivers license 18. People in Managua/be friendly
09. refrigerators/hot inside 19. It/rain a lot in this city
10. refrigerators/cold inside

01. The grass is not blue

02. The dogs have tails.
03. A restaurant doesnt sell shoes
04. A Restaurant is a place where serve food.
05. The people wear clothes.
06. The animals dont use clothes.
07. A child needs love, food, care and toys.
08. A child doesnt need a drivers license.
09. The refrigeratos are not hot inside.
10. The refrigerators are cool inside.
11. A cat has Whiskers.
12. A bird doesnt have whiskers.
13. The doctors take care of sick people.
14. The doctors in Nicaragua are expensive.
15. A bus carries people from one place to another.
16. Its not cold today.
17. English is a easy language to lear.
18. People in Managua are friendly.
19. It doesnt rain a lot in this city.

02. STRUCTURE

a) VERB TO BE: subject + to be + not + complement

LONG CONTRACTED Examples: I'm not a doctor.

FORM FORM I'm not at the hospital.
I am not Im not
you are not youre not\you arent You aren't a teacher.
he is not hes not\he isnt You aren't at school
 she is not shes not\she isnt
it is not Its not\it isnt Carlos isn't a mechanic.
we are not were not\we arent He isn't in the garage.
you are not youre not\you arent
they are not theyre not\they arent

EXERCISE 1
WRITE SENTENCES USING IS, ISN`T, ARE, AND AREN`T AND THE GIVEN INFORMATION

01. Africa/city/It/continent

Africa isnt a city it is a continent

02. Baghdad and Chicago/city/They/continent

Baghdad and chicago arent continents they are cities

03. Canada/country/It/city

Canada isnt a city it is a country

04. Jakarta/country/It/city

Jakarta isnt a country it is a city

05. Beijing and London/city/They/country

Beijing and London arent countries they are cities

06. Asia/country/It/continent

Asia isnt a country it is a continent

07. Asia and America/continent/They/country

Asia and america arent countries they are continents

a) OTHER VERBS: subject + auxiliary + not + verb + complement

NOTE
- Auxiliary verb DO is used in negative sentences.
- In negative sentences the verb is in its basic form

I Examples: I don't drink coffee.

You Mary doesn't have a car.
we do not (dont)
they
 he
she does not (doesnt)
It

EXRECISE 2
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS IN THE LIST. MAKE ALL OF THE
SENTENCES NEGATIVE. SOME VERBS MAY BE USED MORE THAN ONE TIME.

do go shave drink make smoke eat put on speak

01. Bob doesnt go to school every day.

02. My roommates are from Japan. They dont speak Spanish.

03. Roberto has a beard. He doesnt shave in the morning.

04. We dont go to class on Sunday.

05. Sally is healthy. She doesnt smoke cigarettes.

06. Jane and Alex always have lunch at home. They dont eat at the cafeteria.

07. Sometimes I dont do my homework in the evening. I watch TV instead.

08. My sister likes tea, but she doesnt drink coffee.

09. Hamid is a careful writer. He doesnt make mistakes in spelling when he writes.

10. Im lazy. I dont do exercises in the morning.

11. Sometimes Ann doesnt put on her shoes when she goes outside.

EXERCISE 3
USE THE WORDS IN ITALICS TO MAKE NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

01. like, not Ingrid doesnt like tea.

02. like, not I dont like tea.

03. know, not Mary and Jim are strangers. Mary doesnt know Jim.

04. need, not Its a nice day today. You dont need your umbrella.

05. snow, not It doesnt snow in Bangkok in the winter.

06. speak, not I dont speak French.

07. be, not I am not hungry.

08. live, not Butterflies doesnt live long.

09. have, not A butterfly doesnt have a long life.

10. be, not A butterfly is not large.

11. be, not butterflies are not large.

12. have, not We dont have class every day.

13. have, not This city doesnt have nice weather in the summer.

14. be, not It is not cold today.

15. rain, not It doesnt rain every day.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES AND SHORT ANSWERS

NOTE
- Never contract affirmative short answers, always contract negative short answers.

01. SPEAKING

Exercise
Answer these questions

01. Do you play tennis?

No, I dont.

02. Do you enjoy sports on TV?

Yes, I do.

03. Do you read newspapers every day?

Yes, I do.

04. Do you like vegetables?

Yes, I do.

05. Do you Like red meat?

Yes, I do.

a) VERB TO BE: to be + subject + complement

SHORT ANSWERS
INTERROGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Am I _________? Yes, I am. No, Im not.
Are you _________? Yes, you are. No, youre not.\No you arent.
Is he _________? Yes, he is. No, hes not.\No, he isnt.
Is she _________? Yes, she is. No, shes not.\No, she isnt.
Is it _________? Yes, it is. No, its not.\No, it isnt.
Are we _________? Yes, we are. No, were not.\No, we arent
Are you _________? Yes, you are. No, youre not.\No, you arent.
Are they _________ ? Yes, they are. No, theyre not.\No, they arent.

Examples:
01. Is Mary a nurse? 02. Are you an accountant? 03. Are Ronald and Mary married?
Yes, she is. Yes, I am. No, they arent.

04. Are you students? 05. Is the chair new? 06. Is your father at home?
Yes, we are. No, it isnt. Yes, he is.

Exercise 1
MAKE QUESTIONS AND GIVE SHORT ANSWERS.

01.A: Are you married?

B: No, Im not. (Im not married.)

02.A: Is Anna in your class?

B: yes, she is. (Anna is in my class.)

03.A: Are you homesick?

B: No, Im not. (Im not homesick.)

04.A: Is Bob Homesick?

B: Yes, he is. (Bob is homesick.)

05. A: Is sue here today?

B: No, she isnt (Sue isnt here today.)

06. A: Are The students in this class intelligent?

B: Yes, they are.(The students in this class are intelligent.)

07.A: Are The chairs in this room comfortable?

B: No, They arent.(The chairs in this room arent comfortable.)

08. A: Are you tired?

B: No, Im not. (Im not tired.)

09. A: Are tom and you Roommates?

B: Yes, We are.(Tom and I are roommates.)

10. A: Is a butterfly a bird?

B: No, its not (A butterfly is not a bird.)

a) other verbs: auxiliary + subject + verb + complement

NOTE
- Auxiliary verb DO is used in interrogative sentences, and short answers.
- In interrogative sentences the verb is in its basic form

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES SHORT ANSWERS

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I I I
you you you
Do we ________? Yes, we do. No, we dont.
They they they

he he he
Does she ________? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.
it it it

Examples
01. Does Mary like coffee? 02. Do you live in an apartment? 03. Do the students play tennis?
No, she doesnt. Yes, I do. No, they dont.

EXERCISE 2
MAKE QUESTIONS. GIVE SHORT ANSWERS.

01. A: Do you like tea?

B: Yes, I do. (I like tea.)

02. A: Do you like Coffee?

B: No, I dont. (I dont like coffee.)

03. A: Do you Speak Chinese?

B: No, I dont. (I dont speak Chinese.)

04. A: Does Ann speak Italian?

B: Yes, she does. (Ann speaks Italian.)

05. A: Do Ann and Tom dont speak Arabic?

B: No, They dont. (Ann and Tom dont speak Arabic.)

06. A: Do you do exercises every morning?

B: Yes, I do. (I do exercises every morning.)

07. A: Does Sue have a cold?

B: Yes, she does. (Sue has a cold.)

08. A: Does Jim do his homework every day?

B: No, He doesnt. (Jim doesnt do his homework every day.)

09. A: Does it rain a lot in April?

B: Yes, It does. (It rains a lot in April.)

10. A: Do the Frogs have tails?

B: No, They Dont (Frogs dont have tails.)

EXERCISE 03
COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS IN THE WRITTEN CONVERSATIONS. USE IS, ARE, DOES,
OR DO.

CONVERSATION ONE

A: What time is the movie start?

B: Seven-fifteen. Do you want to come with us?

A: Yes. What time is it now?

B: Almost seven oclock. Are you ready?

A: Yes, lets go.

CONVERSATION TWO

A: Where are my keys to the car?

B: I dont know. Where Do you usually keep them?

A: In my purse. But theyre not there.

B: Are you sure?

A: Yes. Did you see them?

B: No. Are they in one of your pockets?

A: I dont think so.

B: Do your husband have them?

A: No. he has his own set of car keys.

B: Well, I hope you find them.

A: Thanks.

CONVERSTION THREE
A: Do you go to school?

B: Yes.

A: Do your brother go to school too?

B: No. He quit school last semester. He has a job now.

A: Is it a good job?

B: not really.

A: Where Does he work?

B: At a restaurant. He washes dishes.

A: Does he live with you?

B: No, he lives with my parents.

A: Are your parents unhappy that he quit school?

B: Theyre very unhappy about it.

A: Do they want him to return to school?

B: Of course. They have many dreams for him and his future.

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
NOTE
- Adverbs of frequency express how often you do something.
- Adverbs of frequency come after verb TO BE.
- Adverbs of frequency come before other verbs.
- sometimescan also come at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.

100% always Bob always eats breakfast.

90-99% usually Tom is usually late for class.
75-90% often Sally and Roger are often late for class.
25-75% sometimes Mary sometimes watches TV.
05-10% seldom I seldom watch TV.
01-10% rarely I rarely drink milk.
0% never Jahaira is never late for class.

EXERCISE 1
ADD THE FREQUENCY ADVERBS TO THE SENTENCES.

01. always Ann is on time for class. Ann is always on time for class.

02. always Ann comes to class on time. Ann always comes to class on time.

03. often Maria is late for class. Maria is often late for class.

04. often Maria comes to class late. Maria often comes to class late.

05. never It snows in my hometown. It never snows in my hometown.

06. never It is very cold in my hometown. Its never very cold in my hometown.

07. usually Bob is at home in the evening. Bob is usually at home in the evening.

08. usually Bob stays at home in the evening. Bob Usually stays at home in the evening.

09. seldom Tom studies at the library in the evening. Tom seldom studies at the library in the
evening

10. seldom His classmates are in the library in the evening. His classmates are seldom in the library
in the evening.

11. sometimes I skip breakfast. I sometimes skip my breakfast

12. rarely I have time for a big breakfast. I have rarely time for a big breakfast.

OTHER ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

NOTE
- We can express frequency by saying how many times something happen.
once (one time) I drink tea once a day.
twice (two times) I see my cousin Sam twice a year.
three times I see my grandparents three times a week.
four times Mary drinks coffee four times a day.
etc.

EXERCISE 2
HOW OFTEN DO THE PEOPLE TAKE THE BUS? USE THE NUMBER IN PARENTHESES TO
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. THEN COMPLETE THE SECOND SENTENCE WITH AN
ADVERB OF FREQUENCY.

01. Hamid takes the bus (7) seven times a week. That means he Always
takes the bus.

02. Ann takes the bus (1) Once a week. That means she rarely
takes the bus.

03. Yoko takes the bus (2) Twice a week. That means she Seldom
takes the bus.

04. Marco takes the bus (6) Six times a week. That means he Usually
takes the bus.

05. Joe takes the bus (5) five times a week. That means he Often
takes the bus.

06. Mr. Wu (0) Never takes the bus.

07. Mrs. Cook takes the bus (3) Three times a week. That means she

Sometimes takes the bus.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

01. USE
- Present progressive expresses the actions happening at the moment.

02. STRUCTURE
- Verb TO BE is used as auxiliary verb in affirmative, negative, interrogative
sentences, and short answers
- Add the gerund ing to the main verb

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES: subject + to be + verb-ing + complement

NEGATIVE SENTENCES: subject + to be + not + verb-ing + complement

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES: to be + subject + verb-ing + complement

03. SPELLING OF ING FORM

a. Verbs ending in e drop the e and add ing
smile smiling take taking
hope hoping write writing

b. If the verb has one syllable and ends in one vowel + one consonant, double the
consonant and add ing.
stop stopping plan planning
hit hitting sit sitting

c. In two-syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant, if the first syllable is stressed, do

not double the consonant.
visit visiting offer offering

d. In two-syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant, if the second syllable is stressed,

double the consonant.
prefer preferring admit admitting

e. Add ing to all the verb that are not in the rules above.
help helping learn learning worry worrying
rain raining heat heating study studying

EXERCISE 1
WRITE THE ING FORM TO THE FOLLOWING VERBS.

starting hitting winning

waiting writing explaining

shouting cutting burning

meeting hopping swimming

hopping helping taming

sleeping taping choosing

raining running riding

reminding enjoying beginning

EXERCISE 2
USE THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TO MAKE TWO SENTENCES ABOUT EACH SITUATION,
ONE NEGATIVE AND ONE AFFIRMATIVE.

01. (n) Nancy, stand up\(a) she, sit down

Nancy is not standing up.
She is sitting down.

02. (n) Otto, watch the news\(a) he, talk on the phone
Otto is not watching the news.
He is talking on the phone.
03. (a) Anita, listen to music\(n) she, play the piano

Anita is Listening to music.

She is not playing the piano.

04. (a) Sophia, read a magazine\(n) she, read a book

Sophia is reading a magazine.

She is not reading a book.

05. (n) the birds, fly\(a) they, sit on a telephone wire

The birds are not Flying.

They are sitting on a telephone wire.

EXERCISE 3
MAKE QUESTIONS

01. Is The teacher helping students ?

Yes, she is. (The teacher is helping students.)

02. Is John riding a bicycle?

Yes, he is. (John is riding a bicycle.)

03. Are you sleeping?

No, Im not. (Im not sleeping.)

04. Are The students watching TV ?

No, they arent. (The students arent watching TV.)

05. Is it raining outside?

No, it isnt. (It isnt raining outside.)

SIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

01. USE
SIMPLE PRESENT
- The simple present expresses daily habits or usual activities.
- the simple present expresses general statements of fact.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
- Present progressive expresses the actions happening at the moment.

02. STRUCTURE
SIMPLE PRESENT
- In affirmative sentences apply the rules for the third singular person HE, SHE, IT.
- Auxiliary verb DO is used in negative, interrogative sentences, and short answers.
- In negative and interrogative sentences the verb is in the simple form.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES: subject + verb + complement

NEGATIVE SENTENCES: subject + auxiliary + not + verb + complement

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES: auxiliary + subject + verb + complement

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
- Verb TO BE is used as auxiliary verb in affirmative, negative, interrogative
sentences, and short answers
- Add the gerund ing to the main verb

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES: subject + to be + verb-ing + complement

NEGATIVE SENTENCES: subject + to be + not + verb-ing + complement

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES: to be + subject + verb-ing + complement

EXRECISE 1
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH AM, IS, ARE, DO, DOES.

01. Are you ready? The bus is leaving right now.

02. Do you have enough money for the bus?

03. Oh, no. It is raining again. Does it rain often in this city?

04. Excuse me, what time Do you have?

05. No one is here. Am I early or late?

06. I Am looking for the registration office. Do you know where it is?

07. When Does the registration office close?

08. Where Is your school?

09. Where Do you live?

10. Do your classmates live near you?

EXERCISE 2
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES.

01. A: Tom is on the phone.

B: (he, talk) Is he talking to his wife?

A: Yes.

B: (he, talk) Does he talk to her often?

A: Yes, he (talk) Talks to her every day during his lunch break.

02. A: I (walk) Walk to school every day. I (take, not) dont take

the bus. (you, take) Do you take the bus?

B: No, I dont.

03. A: Anna is in the hallway.

B: (she, talk) Is she talking to her friends?

A: No, she isnt. She (run) is Running to her next class.

04. A: I (read) read the newspaper every day.

B: How about your grammar book? (you, read) Do you read

your grammar book every day?

A: No, I dont. I (read, not) Dont read my grammar book every day.

05. A: What (you, read) are you reading right now?

B: I (read) am reading my grammar book.

06. A: (you, want) _Do you want your coat?

B: Yes.

A: (be, this) Is this your coat?

B: No, my coat (hang) Is hanging in the closet.

NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS

NOTE
- Nonprogressive verbs are verbs we dont use in progressive tense.
- When think refers to believe is nonprogressive, when it refers to the action of
thinking it can be used in progressive tense.
- When have refers to possess is nonprogressive, with some expressions it can be
used in progressive tense.
hear see believe think understand know exist own have
belong need possess want remember like love hate forget
prefer smell taste dislike

EXERCISE 3
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES. USE THE SIMPLE
PRESENT OR THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.

01. Right now Yoko (read) is reading an article in the newspaper, but she

(understand, not) doesnt understand it. Some of the vocabulary (be) Are
too difficult for her.

02. Right now I (look) am looking at the board. I (see) am seeing

some words on the board.

03. I (need) need to call my parents today and tell them about my new

apartment. They cant call me because they (know, not) dont know
my new telephone number.

04. This tea is good. I (like) like it. What kind is it? I (prefer) prefer
tea to coffee. How about you?
05. Right now the children (be) are at the beach. They (have) are having

a good time. They (have) have a beach ball, and they (play) are playing

catch with it. They (like) like to play catch. Their parents (sunbathe) are sunbathing.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

01. USE
- The simple past is used to express activities that began and finished in past.
Examples: I studied for two hours last night.
My classes began at nine.
He ate a sandwich for lunch.
Pedro was at home yesterday.

02. STRUCTURE

a) VERB TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES: subject + to be + complement

NEGATIVE SENTENCES: subject + to be + not + complement

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES: to be + subject +complement

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVEINTERROGATIVESHORT ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE I IIII
he was he was not Was he ______? Yes, he was. No, he wasnt.
sheshe (wasnt) she sheshe
ititititit

wewewewewe
you were you were not Were you _____? Yes, you were. No, you werent.
theythey (werent) they theythey

EXERCISE 1
CHANGE THE SENTENCES TO THE PAST TIME.

01. Bob is in class today. Bob was in class yesterday.

02. Im in class today. I was in class yesterday.

03. Mary is at the library today. Mary was at the library today.

04. Were in class today. We were in class yesterday.

05. Youre busy today. You were busy last night.

06. Im happy today. I was happy yesterday.

07. The classroom is hot today. The classroom was hot yesterday.

08. Ann is in her office today. Ann was in her office the day before yesterday.

09. Tom is in his office today. Tom was in his office yesterday.

10. Ann and Tom are in their offices today. Ann and tom were in their office two days ago.

EXERCISE 2
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE WASNT OR WERENT. USE A PAST TIME
EXPRESSION.

PRESENTPAST
today yesterday
this morning yesterday morning
this afternoon yesterday afternoon
tonight last night
this week last week

01. Ken is here today, but he wasnt here yesterday.

02. Im at home tonight, but I wasnt at home last night.

03. Olga is busy today, but She wasnt busy yesterday.

04. Tom is at the library tonight, but He wasnt at the library last night.

05. Alex and Rita are at work this afternoon, but They werent at work yesterday afternoon.

06. Youre here today, but You werent here yesterday.

07. Dr. Ruckman is in her office this morning, but He Wasnt in the offive yesterday morning.

08. Its cold this week, but It wasnt cold last week.

EXERCISE 3
MAKE QUESTIONS AND GIVE SHORT ANSWERS.

01. (you\at home\last night)

A: Were you at home last night?

B: No, I werent.

02. (Mr. Yamamoto\absent from class\yesterday)

A: Was Mr. Yamamoto absent from class yesterday?

B: Yes, I was.

03. (Oscar and Anya\at home\last night)

A: Were Oscar and Anya at home last night?

B: Yes, They were.

04. (you\nervous\the first day of class)

A: Were you nervous the first day of class?

B: No, I wasnt.

05. (Ahmed\at the library\last night)

A: Was Ahmed at the library last night?

B: Yes, He was.

06. (Mr. shin\in class\yesterday)

A: Was Mr. shin in class yesterday?

B: No, He Wasnt.
 A: Where Were you last night?
B: At home

07. (you and your family\in Canada\last year)

A: Were you and your family in Canada last year?

B: No, I wasnt

A: Where Were you the last year?

B: In Ireland.

08. (you\be\at the library\right now)

A: Are you at the library right now?

B: No, Im not

A: Where were you in the afternoon?

B: In class.

09. (you\in class\yesterday)

A: Were you in class yesterday?

B: Yes, I was

10. (Anita\in class\today)

A: Was Anita in class today?

B: No, She wasnt. She is absent.

11. (you\tired\last night)

A: Were you tired last night?

B: Yes, I was. I went to bed early.

12. (you\hungry\right now)

A: Are you hungry right now?

B: No, I wasnt, but Im thirsty.

b) OTHER VERBS

REGULAR VERBS
- Regular verbs form their simple past by adding ed.
01. Verbs ending in e just add -d
smile smiled hope hoped

02. If the verb has one syllable and ends in one vowel + one consonant, double the
consonant and add ed.
stop stopped plan planned

03. In two-syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant, if the first syllable is stressed, do
not double the consonant.
visit visitedoffer offered

04. In two-syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant, if the second syllable is stressed,
double the consonant.
prefer preferred admit admitted

05. Verbs ending in y change y to i, and add ed.

worry worried study studied

If you have a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + y only add ed.

play played enjoy enjoyed

EXERCISE 1
WRITE THE ED FORM TO THE FOLLOWING VERBS.

started opened referred

waited occurred explained

shouted happenned burned

stepped hoped offerred

hopped helped tamed

tapped taped carried

rained happenned listenned

reminded enjoyed admited

visited omitted hurried

studied replied stayed

EXERCISE 2
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF THE REGULAR
VERBS IN PARENTHESES.
When I was a child, we (not, stay) didnt stay inside watching TV in hot

weather. We (not, own) didnt own an air conditioning, so on warm summer

evenings, we (stay) stayed outside on the porch for hours. Children (play)

Played games or (look) Looked at comic books. My dad (relax) Relaxes

in his chair and (smoke) Smokes his pipe. Sometimes he (try) Tries

to do a crossword puzzle in the newspaper. Occasionally some neighbors (visit) Visit

us on the porch. Then dad (stop) Stopped reading the newspaper and (discuss)

discussed current events with them. They (argue) Argued about politics or

the economy.

After my mom (wash) Washes the dinner dishes, she usually (join) Joined

us on the porch. She and my father (talk) Talk about the house,

neighborhood, and kids. Sometimes she (peel) peels apples. My dad

usually (help) helps my mom. When they (finish) Finish they

(hand) hand each of us an apple. My family always (enjoy) enjoys

those summer evenings on the porch.

IRREGULAR VERBS

- Most irregular verbs change structure and pronunciation from present to past.
dream dreamt lose lost have had hear heard
make made begin began come came choose chose
drink drank drive drove eat ate fall fell
find found get got give gave grow grew
know knew ride rode ring rang run ran
sing sang take took throw threw win won
write wrote bring brought buy bought catch caught
do did fly flew go went keep kept
leave left pay paid say said sell sold
sleep slept teach taught tell told think thought

- Some irregular verbs have the same spelling and pronunciation in past
costcost cut cut hit hit hurt hurt
letlet put put quit quit shut shut

- Some irregular verbs that end in d in past end in t.

bend bent build built lend lent
send sent spend spent

- read has same spelling but different pronunciation: read read

EXERCISE 1
WRITE THE SIMPLE PAST OF THESE IRREGULAR VERBS.

see saw eat ate give gave

fall fell take took shake Shook

drive drove ride rode write Wrote

bite bit hide hid break Broke

speak Spoke steal Stole get got

wear wore draw Drew grow grew

throw threw blow blew fly flew

drink drank sing sang swim swam

go went have had make made

build built lend Lent send Sent

spend spent leave Left lose lost

sleep Slept feel Felt meet met

EXERCISE 2
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE PAST FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES.

Cambridge University (send) Sent me the letter of acceptance on May 10th.

I (let) Let my father read the letter first. Then he (read) Read it aloud

to the whole family. I know he and my mother (be) were proud. I (be) was

really excited. I (sleep) Slept badly that night. The next day I (take) Took

my parents downtown.

We (have) had dinner in a nice restaurant. Two days later, I (go) Went

shopping for some new clothes with my mother. The clothes (cost) Cost a lot of
money, but my mother proudly (spend) Spent the money.

The day before I (leave) Left, my friends (throw) Threw me a going

away party. It (be) was a great party. The next morning, my alarm clock (ring)

Rang but I didnt hear it. We had to hurry. I (get) got ready

quickly and my parents (drive) Drove me to the airport. I (catch) Caught

the plane just in time.

On the airplane, I (think) Thought about my home and my wonderful family

and friends. I (begin) began to get a little homesick.

We (get) Got to Heathrow Airport in London twelve hours later. After going

through immigration and customs, I (take) took a train to Cambridge. Then I

(buy) bought a newspaper and a map of the city at a shop near my hotel. I (know)

knew I only (have) had a week to find an apartment before school

(began) began, so I (read) read the classified adds.

I (make) made a lot of telephone calls the first few days, but I didnt have any

luck. Someone (tell) told me to go to an apartment rental agency. I (go) went

to the agency, (pay) paid them a fee, and they (give) gave me a list of

available apartments. A week later I (find) found a one-bedroom apartment

in a really nice building. I (meet) met some nice neighbors on my first day

in my new apartment.

I still miss home, but I think I (make) made the right decision when I decided
to come here.

EXERCISE 3
WRITE THE SIMPLE PAST OF THESE VERBS.

finished see saw go Went

have Had meet met called

fall Fell do did know knew

fly flew come came study studied

stayed begin began started

write Wrote teach taught eat ate

cut cut read read learned

talked visited called

NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCESSHORT ANSWERS

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I I I I
You you you you
wewewewe
they did not (didnt) Did they_______? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.
hehehehe
sheshesheshe
itititit

EXERCISE 4
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUES. USE THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES. GIVE
SHORT ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS WHERE NECESSARY.

01. A: (you, go) Did you go to school yesterday?

B: No, I didnt. I (stay) stayed home because I (feel, not)

Didnt feel good.

02. A: (you, sleep) Did you sleep well last night?

B: Yes, I did. I (sleep) slept very well.

03. A: (Toms plane, arrive) Did Toms plane arrive on time yesterday?

B: Yes, it did. It (get in) got in at 06:05 on the dot.

04. A: (you, stay) Did you stay home and (study) study last night?

B: No, I didnt. I (go) went to a new movie, The valley of Vampires.

A: (you, like) Did you like it?

B: It was okay, I guess, but I dont really like horror movies.

05. A: (Mary, study) Did mary study last night?

 B: No, I didnt. She (watch) watched TV.

06. A: (Mark Twain, write) Did Mark Twain write Tom Sawyer?

B: Yes,he did. He also (write) Wrote Huckleberry Finn.

07. A: (the children, go) Did the children do to the zoo yesterday?

B: Yes, They did. And they (have) had a wonderful time.

08. A: (you, eat) Did you eat breakfast this morning?

B: No, I didnt. I (have, not) didnt have enough time. I was

late for class because my alarm clock (ring, not) didnt ring.

EXERCISE 5
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE VERBS IN PARENTHESES. USE THE SIMPLE
PRESENT, THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE, OR THE SIMPLE PAST.

01. I (get) got up at eight oclock yesterday morning.

02. Mary (talk) talked to John on the phone last night.

03. Mary (talk) is talking to John on the phone right now.

04. Mary (talk) talks to John on the phone every day.

05. Jim and I (eat) ate lunch at the cafeteria two hours ago.

06. We (eat) eat lunch at the cafeteria every day.

07. I (go) went to bed early last night.

08. My roommate (study) studied Spanish last year.

09. Sue (write) wrote an e-mail to her parents yesterday.

10. Sue (write) writes an e-mail to her parents every week.

11. Sue is in her room right now. She (sit) is sitting at her desk.

12. Maria (do) did her homework last night.

13. Yesterday, I (see) saw Fumiko at the library.

14. I (have) had a dream last night. I (dream) dreamt about my

friends. I (sleep) slept for eight hours.

15. A strange thing (happen) hapenned to me yesterday. I couldnt remember
my own telephone number.

16. My wife (come) comes home around five every day.

17. Yesterday, she (come) came home at 05:15.

18. Our teacher (stand) is standing in the middle of the room right now.

19. Our teacher (stand) stood in the front of the room yesterday.

20. Tom (put) put the butter in the refrigerator yesterday.

21. He (put) puts the milk in the refrigerator every day.

22. Pablo usually (sit) sits in the front row. Today he (sit) sat absent.

He (be) was absent two days ago too.

EXERCISE 6
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES. USE SIMPLE
PRESENTE, SIMPLE PAST, OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.

01. Jasmin (come, not) didnt come to the meeting yesterday. She (stay)

stayed in her office.

02. I (go)went to a movie last night, but I (enjoy, not) didnt enjoy it.

It (be, not) wasnt very good.

03. Sue (read) is reading a magazine right now. She (watch, not) is not watching

TV. She (like, not) doesnt like to watch TV during the day.

04. Toshi is a busy student. Sometimes he (eat, not) dont eat lunch because he

(have, not) doesnt have enough time between classes. Yesterday he

(have, not) didnt have time for lunch. He (get) got hungry.
Future in the Past
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