History 167: World War I

HISTORY 167 3. led to the prosperity of the West Coast where new
WORLD WAR II factories were located
Ex. Lockheed Plant
Franklin Delano Roosevelt 4. led to the expansion of West Coast cities (near the
1936 Presidential Election embarkation points to Japan)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat, New York) Ex. Seattle (Washington)
Alf Landon (Republican, Kansas) 5. new prosperous city in the United States
1940 Presidential Election Oakland (California)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat, New York) Los Angeles (California)
Wendell Willkie (Republican, New York) Women in the Labor Force: employment of women in jobs
1944 Presidential Election earlier performed by men
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat, New York) Rosie the Riveter: symbol of the American working
Thomas Dewey (Republican, New York) woman
1944 Presidential Election Significance:
1. helped solve the unemployment problem in the 1930s
America Before World War II 2. made women important in the war effort
POLICY: opposed involvement in wars in Europe Volunteer Work: to make ordinary Americans contribute to
Neutrality Acts: series of laws passed by Congress to avoid the war effort
American entanglement in European wars by growing their own vegetable (large farm vegetables were
Neutrality Acts allotted to feed the army)
Provisions: Victory Garden: backyards, open spaces, vacant lots
1. warned Americans traveling in ships of nations at war converted into vegetable gardens
2. required all nations to pay cash for American products they Ex. collecting scraps to be converted to material useful to the
purchased war effort
3. required all nations to load aboard their own ships the Rationing: way of distributing limited goods fairly for the
American products they purchased good of the American men in uniform
4. sold American-made weapons to belligerent nations on Ex. distributing coupons for the purchase of meat, butter,
the condition that they transport their purchases aboard their sugar, etc.; limiting ration coupons depending on the number
ships of family members
Encouraging Thriftiness: to save on necessary goods for
America Enters World War II the use of the men in uniform
December 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) Selling Bonds
Pearl Harbor: United States naval base in Oahu, Hawaii; Bonds: certificates that promised that the government would
headquarters of US Pacific Fleet pay the holder the amount borrowed plus interest
December 7, 1941: USS Arizona sinks Internment of Japanese-Americans
December 8, 1941: Roosevelt reports to Congress the attack 1. transfer of 100,000 Japanese-Americans in internment
on Pearl Harbor camps
calls December 7 as a date which will live in infamy" Places of Settlement:
America at War U.S. West Coast
Roosevelt asks Congress to declare war against: Japanese-Americans
1. Japan a. ISSEI: 30,000
2. Italy foreign born; entered the United States before the National
3. Germany Origins Act of 1924; naturalized American citizens;
Mobilization Japanese-Americans
Army Recruitment b. NISEI: 70,000
drafting of soldiers for the war effort natural-born American citizens
Women Auxiliary Corps (WAC): enlistment of women for Internment of Japanese-Americans reason: strong anti-
non-combat service Japanese sentiment after the bombing of Pearl Harbor
Army Recruitment Executive Order 9066
Home Front: Americans who stayed in America; performed February 19, 1942:
works vital to the American soldiers 1. authorized the removal of Japanese-Americans from their
Manufacturing War Supplies: creation of the War homes in the West Coast
Production Board to exercise general responsibility over the 2. sent Japanese-Americans to internment camps in
nations economy; making industrialists to convert their Arkansas and the Western states
factories from civilian to military production; convincing Issei and Nisei
businesses to build new plants to increase production 3. citizens of the United States but regarded as enemies
Significance: Japanese-Americans
1. transformed the factory assembly lines from the Weaknesses:
manufacture of consumer goods to the production of military 1. easily singled out
supplies 2. lacked political power
2. reopened factories that had been idle for many years 3. little economic influence
Pacific Theater
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 History 167: World War I

Early Defeats Dwight Eisenhower: commanded the Allied forces in the

o Philippines European Theater
OBJECTIVES: (Japanese Invasion)
1. to prevent the use of the Philippines as an advance base Restoring the Peace
of operations by American forces Yalta
2. to acquire staging areas and supply bases to enhance Location: Crimea Peninsula (Soviet Union)
operations against the Netherlands East Indies and British Yalta
Malaya Objective: to decide the fate of Europe after the end of World
3. to secure the lines of communication between occupied War II in accordance with the vision of the victorious powers
areas in the south and Japan Yalta
Defense Forces: Philippines o Participants:
Unted States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE): 31,095 United States: Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Philippine Scouts: 11,988 Great Britain: Winston Churchill
Japanese 14th Army Soviet Union: Josef Stalin
Invasion Force for the Philippines:
1. 16th Infantry Division (Lamon Bay landing force) Novelties in American Life
2. 48th Infantry Division (Lingayen Gulf landing force) 1. 20,000 television sets in New York City area alone
Commander: Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma 2. Worlds Fair opens in New York City
3. introduction of Dairy Queen soft serve ice cream
Invasion of the Philippines 4. Jitterbug becomes latest dance craze
War Plans: to destroy all military capability of the Philippines; 5. introduction of nylon stockings in the market
to make several landings of military forces in several parts of 6. Earl Tupper invents Tupperware
the country ; to converge all military forces in Luzon for the 7. first 160 miles of the Pennsylvania Turnpike opens
attack against Manila 8. Charlie Chaplin plays the tramp and a Hitler figure in his
Battle of Bataan first talking picture
regarded as the most intense phase of the Japanese 9 John Fords film The Grapes of Wrath starring Henry
invasion of the Philippines during World War II Fonda
Battle of Corregidor 10. Walt Disneys animated film Fantasia
Counterattack 11. introduction of M & Ms
Battle of the Coral Sea 12. introduction of Cheerios
Location: off the shores of Australia Battle of the Coral Sea 13. Orson Welles in the film Citizen Kane
Significance: America halts Japanese advance to the south 14. Humphrey Bogart plays private eye Sam Spade in The
(Australia) Maltese Falcon
Island Hopping Warfare: attacking Japanese-held islands 15. Walt Disneys Dumbo
in the Pacific Ocean 16. introduction of Kelloggs Raisin Bran
Problems: 17. Walt Disneys Bambi
involved landing on islands where Japanese soldiers were 18. Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman star in
entrenched in concrete bunkers Casablanca
Island Hopping Warfare; ntailed fighting Japanese soldiers 19. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein collaborate to
indoctrinated with intense loyalty to the Japanese Emperor make music and lyrics for Broadway musical Oklahoma!
Battle of Midway 20. introduction of Kraft Parmesan Grated Cheese
Location: to the west of Hawaii Womens Fashion
America sinks four (4) Japanese aircraft carriers Features: military-inspired; simpler
Significance: America inflicts a decisive defeat on the Womens Fashion
Japanese Features: used less clothing material
Battle of Guadalcanal
Location:
off the shores of New Guinea
Battle of Guadalcanal

Atomic Bomb
Rationale: to end the fighting at once in the Pacific
Atomic Bombs over Japan
Hiroshima: August 6, 1945
Nagasaki: August 9, 1945

D-Day
Location: Normandy (France)
1. involved the amphibious landing of soldiers, weapons,
motor vehicles, aircrafts, vessels for the invasion of Germany
2. marked the start of the Allied invasion of Germany

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