The circular failure charts presented earlier in this chapter are based upon the assumption that the
material forming the slope has uniform properties throughout the slope, and that failure occurs along a
circular slide path passing through the toe of the slope. When these conditions are not satisfied, it is
necessary to use one of the methods of slices published by Bishop (1955), Janbu (1954), Nonveiller
(1965), Spencer (1967), Morgenstern and Price (1965) or Sarma (1979). This section describes in
detail the simplified Bishop and Janbu methods of stability analysis for circular failure.