Experiment 8

RETENTION AND ORGANIZATION OF

RETRIEVAL OF INFORMATION

Objective:
To observe the effect of repetition on semantic memory; to observe the
organization method used in the retrieval of information.
Background
Memory refers to the processes that allow one to record, store and later
retrieve experiences and information. It may last from a fraction of a second to a
lifetime. Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin described memory as bits of
information sent to the brain by the senses.
Short term memory has a capacity of seven unrelated items of information
which are forgotten in about 30 seconds. Long term memory is more or less a
permanent storehouse of information. The retrieval of information refers to cues
that activate knowledge stored in long term memory. Memory retrieval is likely to
occur with multiple cues, self generated cues, and distinctive cues. In the encoding
of word, generating your own association involves deeper processing and
additional personal meaning.
Finding meaning and organization is important in forming association. It is
generally more effective to learn by rule or principles than by rote learning, where
one simply try to memorize materials mechanically without understanding the
meaning.

Additional techniques of storing information in long term memory are the

following:
1. Clustering-encoding information by categories, meaning, logic, or
classification.
2. Mental Picture-make-up stories that would help from an image of the
event.
 3. Imagery- encoding physical attributes and storing knowledge that can be
put into words.
4. Mnemonic devices- creating a memory framework or cue for materials that
one desires to learn.

Retention refers to any change in performance which occurs as a function of

time after input. If the change observed is a decrease in performance, it is called
forgetting . The usual problem of memory is storing many things in such a way
that one can recall them when needed. The solution to this is organization.
Memory necessary for the use of language is called semantic memory.
Tulving(1972), Collins and Quillian (1972) proposed that semantic memory be
organized as an interconnected network. In the network, each word is stored with a
set of pointers to other words in the network.
Retrieval of information takes two forms; recognition and recall. In
recognition, retrieval is based on familiarity. Recall involves actual reconstruction
of information, which may be more difficult. Because of this reconstructive
process, memories may change over time. They may be simplified, altered, or
distorted depending on the experiences and attitudes of the individual.

STIMULUS WORDS:
1. Sitaw
2. Barbero
3. Simbahan
4. Maestra
5. Mungo
6. Unggoy
7. Kalabasa
8. Bakya
9. Kabayo
10. Baraha
11. Malunggay
12. Numero
13. Unan
14. Manggagamot
15. Lagare
16. Palanggana
17. Lion
18. Pusa
19. Kamay
20. Data
21. Mananayaw
22. Artista
23. Mekaniko
24. Tigre
25. Sapatos
26. Ahas
27. Aso
28. Tsuper
29. Pulo
30. Bulaklak
31. Dentista
32. Sayote
33. Mungo
34. Manananggol
35. Usa
36. Mustasa
37. Papel
38. Katawan
39. Repolyo
40. Kamatis
 Total No. Recalled by category
Individual Subject Animal Vegetable Professor Others

Number Immediate

Later