KUNCI 10

MENGGUNAKAN KONTEKS UNTUK MENENTUKAN ARTI KATA YANG SULIT

(USE CONTEXT TO DETERMINE MEANINGS OF DIFFICULT WORDS)

Di dalam tes TOEFL , terkadang Anda diminta untuk menentukan makna dari sebuah
kata yang sulit. Kata tersebut tidak dapat kita perkirakan untuk mengetahuinya. Untuk
masalah ini, jawabannya dapat Anda temukan dari sebuah petunjuk jelas yang diberikan
mengenai makna kata tersebut. Pelajari contoh berikut.

The passage:
In a government election, the incumbent generally has a
strong advantage over a newcomer. A person who is already in
office and thus has a certain degree of prominence has a
Line better chance of being elected than does someone who is
(5) unknown to the electorate. History has shown a strong
proclivity in elections at all levels of government to return the
incumbent to office.
The question:
An incumbent in line 1 is most likely
(A) a special type of election
(B) a political party
(C) a beneficial comment
(D) a current office-holder

Pertanyaan ini menanyakan tentang makna kata "incumbent" . Dalam pertanyaan ini,
Anda tidak diharapkan untuk mengetahui makna dari kata "incumbent". Sebaliknya,
Anda harus memahami dari konteksnya. Kita lihat ada kalimat setelahnya, "a person
who is already in office" (seseorang yang sudah di kantor). Inilah makna incumbent yang
dimaksud. Dan hanya jawaban (D) yang memiliki makna sangat dekat, "a current office-
holder" (yang sedang memegang jabatan). Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (D).

. RUMUS KUNCI 10
.
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Jenis Pertanyaan - What is the meaning...?
- Which of the following is closest in meaning to...?
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Mencari Jawaban Pertanyaan biasanya memberitahu Anda, di baris mana dari
bacaan
kata tersebut berada.
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Cara Menjawab 1. Temukan kata tersebut dalam bacaan.
Pertanyaan 2. BAca kalimat yang berisi kata tersebut dengan cermat.
3. Lihat petunjuk konteks untuk membantu Anda mengerti
makna
kata yang dimaksud.
4. Pilih jawaban yang menyatakan konteks makna yang
dimaksud.
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PASSAGE QUESTIONS 1-5

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the
naked eye to change, and, as a result, stars are often considered to be fixed in
position.
Many unwitting stargazers incorrectly assume that each star has its own
permanent
Line home in the nighttime sky.
(5) In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between the stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are
barely
 discernible here on Earth. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why
this misconception prevails; it takes around 200 years for Bernard's star, a
relatively
rapidly moving star, to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
Earth's
(10) moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the
movements of the planets, the stars are seemingly motionless.

1. The expression "naked eye" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to

(A) a telescope
(B) a scientific method for observing stars
(C) unassisted vision
(D) a camera with a powerful lens

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 1-5

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the
naked eye to change, and, as a result, stars are often considered to be fixed in
position.
Many unwitting stargazers incorrectly assume that each star has its own
permanent
Line home in the nighttime sky.
(5) In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between the stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are
barely
discernible here on Earth. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why
this misconception prevails; it takes around 200 years for Bernard's star, a
relatively
rapidly moving star, to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
Earth's
(10) moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the
 movements of the planets, the stars are seemingly motionless.

2. The word "unwitting" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the

following?
(A) unknowledgeable
(B) funny
(C) empty-handed
(D) serious
PASSAGE QUESTIONS 1-5
The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the
naked eye to change, and, as a result, stars are often considered to be fixed in
position.
Many unwitting stargazers incorrectly assume that each star has its own
permanent
Line home in the nighttime sky.
(5) In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between the stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are
barely
discernible here on Earth. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why
this misconception prevails; it takes around 200 years for Bernard's star, a
relatively
rapidly moving star, to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
Earth's
(10) moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the
movements of the planets, the stars are seemingly motionless.

3. The word "tremendous" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) unknown
(B) huge
(C) varied
(D) changing
PASSAGE QUESTIONS 1-5
 The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the
naked eye to change, and, as a result, stars are often considered to be fixed in
position.
Many unwitting stargazers incorrectly assume that each star has its own
permanent
Line home in the nighttime sky.
(5) In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between the stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are
barely
discernible here on Earth. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why
this misconception prevails; it takes around 200 years for Bernard's star, a
relatively
rapidly moving star, to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
Earth's
(10) moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the
movements of the planets, the stars are seemingly motionless.

4. The word "discernible" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) noticeable
(B) persuasive
(C) conceivable
(D) astonishing

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 1-5

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the
naked eye to change, and, as a result, stars are often considered to be fixed in
position.
Many unwitting stargazers incorrectly assume that each star has its own
permanent
Line home in the nighttime sky.
(5) In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between the stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are
barely
discernible here on Earth. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why
this misconception prevails; it takes around 200 years for Bernard's star, a
relatively
rapidly moving star, to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
Earth's
(10) moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the
movements of the planets, the stars are seemingly motionless.

5. The word "negligible" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) negative
(B) slight
(C) gliding
(D) evident

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 6-10

Carbon tetrachloride`a chemical compound created when carbon disulfide
is
treated with chlorine`is a colorless and inflammable liquid that is used
extensively in
industry today. This broad use of carbon tetrachloride in industry is because of its
Line efficacy as a solvent, a refrigerant, and a propellant.
(5) Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been
banned for
home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home. However, it was found to be
extremely hazardous: When heated, it turns into a poisonous gas that can cause
severe
maladies and may even prove deadly if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous
(10) characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon
 tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar action with various
other
chemical compounds.

6. The word "extensively" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) widely
(B) excessively
(C) mostly
(D) largely

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 6-10

Carbon tetrachloride`a chemical compound created when carbon disulfide
is
treated with chlorine`is a colorless and inflammable liquid that is used
extensively in
industry today. This broad use of carbon tetrachloride in industry is because of its
Line efficacy as a solvent, a refrigerant, and a propellant.
(5) Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been
banned for
home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home. However, it was found to be
extremely hazardous: When heated, it turns into a poisonous gas that can cause
severe
maladies and may even prove deadly if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous
(10) characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon
tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar action with various
other
chemical compounds.

7. The word "efficacy" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) low cost
(B) effectiveness
(C) weak results
(D) speed
 PASSAGE QUESTIONS 6-10
Carbon tetrachloride`a chemical compound created when carbon disulfide
is
treated with chlorine`is a colorless and inflammable liquid that is used
extensively in
industry today. This broad use of carbon tetrachloride in industry is because of its
Line efficacy as a solvent, a refrigerant, and a propellant.
(5) Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been
banned for
home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home. However, it was found to be
extremely hazardous: When heated, it turns into a poisonous gas that can cause
severe
maladies and may even prove deadly if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous
(10) characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon
tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar action with various
other
chemical compounds.

8. The word "banned" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) forbidden
(B) allowed
(C) suggested
(D) instituted

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 6-10

Carbon tetrachloride`a chemical compound created when carbon disulfide
is
treated with chlorine`is a colorless and inflammable liquid that is used
extensively in
industry today. This broad use of carbon tetrachloride in industry is because of its
Line efficacy as a solvent, a refrigerant, and a propellant.
(5) Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been
banned for
home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home. However, it was found to be
extremely hazardous: When heated, it turns into a poisonous gas that can cause
severe
maladies and may even prove deadly if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous
(10) characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon
tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar action with various
other
chemical compounds.

9. The word "hazardous" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to which of the

following?
(A) Lucky
(B) Warm
(C) Cleansing
(D) Dangerous

PASSAGE QUESTIONS 6-10

Carbon tetrachloride`a chemical compound created when carbon disulfide
is
treated with chlorine`is a colorless and inflammable liquid that is used
extensively in
industry today. This broad use of carbon tetrachloride in industry is because of its
Line efficacy as a solvent, a refrigerant, and a propellant.
(5) Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been
banned for
home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home. However, it was found to be
extremely hazardous: When heated, it turns into a poisonous gas that can cause
severe
maladies and may even prove deadly if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous
(10) characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon
 tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar action with various
other
chemical compounds.

10. The word "revoked" in paragraph 2 could most easily be replaced by

(A) took up
(B) put off
(C) started up
(D) took away