Pengenalan SCADA

Sistem Komunikasi dalam

Aplikasi Sistem Tenaga

Ir. Jos Pramudijanto, M.Eng.

Jurusan Teknik Elektro FTI ITS
Telp. 5947302 Fax.5931237
Email: pramudijanto@gmail.com

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 1
 Objektif:
Introduction
Communication Needs of Power System
Communication Technologies
Existing Communication Systems

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 2
 Introduction
Communications is the enabling technology for
Power System
No single communication technology as being best
suited for all power system needs
Requirements must consider type, source, amount,
frequency, and delivery requirements of
data/voice transmitted

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 3
Communication Needs of Power
System
Reliability
Cost effectiveness
Capacity to handle data rates
Adequate to meet response requirements
Ability to reach identified areas of power system
Ease of operation and maintenance
Security (of data and of control actions)

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 4
Ability to meet response requirements
Response requirements (measured in sec.) are distinct from data
rate requirements (measured in kb/s or Mb/s), and must be
met independently.

Different functions have vastly different requirements for the

delivery of the information; for example:

Function Delivery requirements

Open or close feeder switches 1-2 seconds
Acquire substation status data 2-5 seconds
Acquire feeder measurements 5-10 seconds
Acquire meter data 15 min. 24 hours and up

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 5
Security of data and control actions

Power System communication Data &

Voice have critical importance.
Communication security is a
necessity.

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 6
Security of data and control actions

Your substations are an

element of the countrys critical
infrastructure are you sure
that you are in complete
control?

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 7
Security of data and control actions
Maintaining the security of
communications between the
control center and field devices
is one of the most urgent
problems facing todays
control environment.

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 8
Communication Technologies

Wired Wireless
Power Line Carrier Microwave
Communication(PLCC)
Dedicated Leased Line VSAT
Optic Fiber Mobile Networks

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 9
Power Line Carrier Communication
(PLCC)
Power Lines used for point to point communication
Terminal equipments used to send/receive
data/voice
Works on audio band width 20 to 20 KHz
Carrier 30 KHz to 500 KHz

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 10
Typical PLCC Arrangement for S/C LINE
PHASE-GROUND COUPLING
CKT-I
E/W E/W
R R
Y Y
B B

CVT/CC
CVT/CC

CD CD

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 11
 Coupling Types in PLCC System
Line Trap, Coupling Device & CC/CVT known as
Coupling Equipment
CD consists of Surge Arrester, Drain coil, Matching
transformer, Earth switch
Functions of Coupling Equipment
-Inject carrier signal to EHV line without loss
-Decouple carrier equipment from EHV line

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 12
 PLCC---Uses
Voice communication
Tele-control
Tele-protection
SCADA data from RTU

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 13
 PLCC---Prospect
Easy availability
Cost effective
Ease of operation & maintenance

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 14
 PLCC--- Constrain
Limited bandwidth(4 KHz)
Data speeds up to only 1200 Bauds possible
Prone to Noise & Interference
Effect of weather conditions-frost, high pollution etc
Depends on physical connectivity of power lines
Needs government approval for carrier freq selection
Not suitable for todays needs of automation like SAS,
remote control etc.

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 15
 Fiber Optic Communication (1)
Fiber optic cable functions as a "light guide," guiding the light introduced
at one end of the cable through to the other end. The light source can
either be a light-emitting diode (LED) or a laser. Using a lens, the light
pulses are funneled into the fiber-optic medium where they travel down
the cable.

The light (near infrared) is most often are used :

850nm for shorter distances
1300nm for longer distances on Multi-mode fiber
1310-1320nm for single-mode fiber
1,500nm is used for longer distances.

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 16
 Fiber Optic Communication (2)
Two types of fibre-
Multi mode > 50micron core -- Upto 2 Kms
Single mode < 10 micron core -- more than 20 Kms
Selected on the basis of distance & bandwidth needs
Wave Division Multiplexing Used

Fast becoming common in utilities for voice and data transmission Offer
many advantages
extremely high data transmission rates
immunity from electromagnetic interference
Free from licensing requirements
Cost effective for very high data transmission rates in a point-to-point
configuration

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 17
 Fiber Optic Communication (3)
Not as cost effective for applications, with
point-to-multipoint configuration
Modest data transmission speed requirements
Prone to cable cut in underground configuration
Repair & restoration specialized work

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 18
 VSAT Communication (1)
Geo-synchronous satellite

36,000 km

Earth Station User site

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 19
 VSAT Communication (2)
Very small aperture terminals (VSATs) used for
EMS/DMS
For data comm. most frequently uses a shared SATELLITE
channel, to lower costs
Communications routed through a third-party network
management center

NETWORK
MANAGEMENT
CENTER
UTILITY
SHARED HUB
CONTROL VSATs
CENTER

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 20
 VSAT Communication (3)
Various frequency bands:
C-band (4/6 GHz), Ku-band (12/14 GHz),Ka-band(30/20
GHz)
Advantages
Near-universal coverage
Good reliability
Fast installation
Disadvantages
Cost
Transmission delays
Blackout periods due to eclipses
Attenuation in heavy rain (Ku band)
Pengenalan SCADA - 06 21
 VSAT Communication (4)
n Several competing technologies
Use of control channel on analog AMPS (Advanced Mobile
Phone Service), 800 MHz
CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)

n The field is rapidly evolving (2G 3G)

n Currently, most applications are for AMR
n Recently also being offered for applications in feeder automation
n Potentially holds the promise of economical and wide-spread
coverage

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 22
 Tele-Control Protocols (1)
IEC 60870-5-101 protocol (from RTU to Control Center
communication
IEC 60870-6-502 (ICCP) protocol (between two Control
Canters)
IEC 60870-5-103 protocol (for communication between IEDs
in a Substation)
IEC 60870-5-104 protocol
MODBUS Protocol ( MFTs)
DNP 3.0 Protocol (Serial)---Master Station
DNP 3.0 Protocol (TCP/IP)---Master Station
IEC 61850 protocol (for Substation Automation)

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 23
 Tele-Control Protocols (2)
The Present SCADA systems use

IEC 60870-5-101 for data acquisition from RTUs/SAS

IEC 60870-6-502 for data exchange between control centres

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 24
 IEC608705-101
Physical Layer : Unbalanced Request Message
Information bit : 8 bit
(User Data, Confirm Expected)
Stop bit : 1
[P]
Parity bit : Even [S]
Master Slave
(Acknowledgment)
Data Link Layer
Standard Frame Format : FT 1.2 Response Message
[P]
(Request User Data)
Maximum Frame Length : 255 bytes
[S]
Transmission Layer ( Station address field Length : 1 or 2 bytes ) (Respond User Data or NACK)
[P] = Primary Frame
Unbalanced Mode :
[S] = Secondary Frame
Transmitted messages are categorized on two priority classes( Class 1 & Class 2 )
Balanced Mode :
All the messages are sent, No categorization of Class 1 and Class 2
Network Layer : Not defined as 870-5-101 is not IP based Selection of ASDUs
ASDU 1 : Single point information
Application Layer ASDU 2 : Single point information with time tag
ASDU 3 : Double point information
The length of the header fields of the data structure are: ASDU 4 : Double point information with time tag
ASDU 9 : Measured value, Normalised value
Station address 1 or 2 byte ( User defined ) ASDU 10 : Measured value, Normalised value with time tag
ASDU 11 : Measured Value, Scaled value
ASDU Address : 1 or 2 bytes ASDU 12 : Measured value, Scaled value with time tag
ASDU 100 : Interrogation Command
Information Object address : 2 bytes ASDU 103 : Clock Synchronisation Command
ASDU 120 - 126 : File transfer Command
Cause of Transmission : 1 byte

Pengenalan SCADA - 06 25
SCADA : Data communication architecture
TFE TFE
computer computer

Panel Multi- Panel multi-

port Stallion Port
Adapters Stallion
adapters

Splitter
Modem
Modem Modem

Modem

Modem Modem Modem Modem

RTU
RTU RTU
Pengenalan SCADA - 06 26
 INTER-SITE communications
Protocol management
ICCP within Open Access
Gateway
Data acquisition and transfer
to other center(s)
Indirect remote control (from /
to other control centers)

SCADA/
ICCP Server
ICCP
Other Sites/ICCP Server
27
 RTU Connectivity
Normal RTU LAN-B Critical RTU LAN-B

LAN-A
LAN-A

CFE CFE CFE CFE

S
M M
M

M M
M

RTU RTU
Pengenalan SCADA - 06
Interface for RTUs reporting to Control Centre
Through PLCC LINK .

Control Centre
RTU Location
Data (FSK) Data (FSK)
PLCC Modem
Modem PLCC
Analog Analog Modem
RTU
Modem
Modem

speech
speech

Pengenalan SCADA - 06
 Interface for RTU reporting to Control Centre via
Tandem
PLCC/Wideband Link & Wideband Links
RTU Location Wideband Node
Data(Fsk)
Modem Data(Fsk)
PLCC PLCC
Analog
Analog
RTU

Speech Primary 1
Control Centre Speech
Mux 2
Speech 1 Primary Radio Radio
3 Require
2 Mux
-- Modem
3
Modem -
--
Modem 29
Sub 28 Radio 64 kbps Sub
Modem 30
Mux Link Mux
29
30

4 x E-1 4 x E-1 RTU at Wideband Node

 RTU Through MICROWAVE

RADIO RADIO
CFE MUX TX / RX TX / RX MUX RTU

RTU Through FIBER OPTIC SYSTEM

OLTE OLTE
CFE MUX MUX RTU

CONTROL CENTRE Pengenalan SCADA - 06 SUBSTATION/ GEN STN SIDE

 WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR EASTERN REGION
Bodhgaya Hajipur Lalganj
ORISSA
Sub LDC JHARKHAND BIHAR Mujaffarpur
Budhipadar Manpur
Hatia
Atari
Rajgir
Jeypore(CS)
Bamra SLDC Fatuha
Sub LDC Ranchi SLDC
Jayanagar Biharshariff Patna
Bargaon (BSEB) Tower # 313
Biharshariff

U/G
( Repeater Shelter )
Therubali (CS)
Kahalgaon (CS )
Kutra

Akusingha (Repeater ) Chandil 80M

SLDC Backup
CTPS 64 KBPS
Narendrapur Tarkera
Maithon-G
Bokaro-B
Rourkela
(CS ) Jamshedpur ( CS )
Tower # 226
( Repeater Shelter ) Barkote STPS Kalyaneswari
Tower #146
(Repater Shelter) Mejia WEST BENGAL
( Repeater shelter)
Waria
Kalipahari
Mendhasal TSTPP
CPCC Farakka(CS)
Sub LDC Under PDT
Meramandali Durgapur
HVDC
Malda(CS)
Chandaka
Mankar

Chainpal Backup
Burdwan PDT

SLDC 30M
Kamakhyanagar Belmuri
Bhubaneswar Jeerat
Naupada 100M Sub LDC
60M
Mathkargola Backup
NBU
SLDC
Barchana 64 KBPS Backup India -
Howrah PDT Bhutan
Jajpur
Duburi Backup Siliguri (CS) border at
Town 64 KBPS
Vidyut 90 km
Bhavan DVC HQ Kasba
LEGEND:- : Under Ground Fibre
Microwave Link with Station :
Microwave Repeater Station : Pengenalan
ERSCC SCADA - 06
100M
Fibre Optic Link with Station : : RTCC link between Jey- Dgp For Indrvati
Calcutta
Monitoring Centre : & Jeypore RTU & Backup link