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InsidetheTOEFLTestReading
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Peopleinthisvideo
Michael
Intro
[musicplaying]
Michael:Hi,I'mMichaelfromETS.TodayonInsidetheTOEFLTest,we're
goinginsidetheTOEFLiBTReadingsection.Specifically,theInsertText
questions.
Onscreen:
InsidetheTOEFLTestReading
InsertText
Michael:TheInsertTextquestionsaredesignedtoshowthatyouunderstandthe
logicalorderofideasinareadingpassage.
Onscreen:InsertTextunderstandthelogicalorderofideasinareadingpassage
Michael:Inthereadingsection,everyreadingpassagehasoneInsertText
question.Butinsteadofchoosingfromalistof4choices,likewithmostReading
questions,youwillclickononeofthe4blacksquarestoinsertthetextintothe
paragraph.
Onscreen:
InsertTextoneforeachreadingpassage
Lookatthefoursquares[]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbe
addedtothepassage.
Somecompaniesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswiderpossibilityand
areplanningsizablewindfarmprojectsinstatesotherthanCalifornia.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
Since1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowingrapidly.Some
companiesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswiderpossibilityandare
planningsizablewindfarmprojectsinstatesotherthanCalifornia.In1994there
werenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalled
windfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.Most
wereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwindturbines)and
California(where17,000machinesproduced1percentofthestate'selectricity,
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2017/1/17 InsidetheTOEFLTestReadingInsertTextQuestion
enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFransico).In
principle,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexploiting
thewindpotentialofjustthreestatesNorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexas.
Largewindfarmscanbebuiltinsixmonthstoayearandtheneasilyexpandedas
needed.Withamoderatetofairlyhighnetenergyyield,thesesystemsemitno
heattrappingcarbondioxideorotherairpollutantsandneednowaterforcooling
manufacturingthemproduceslittlewaterpollution.Thelandunderwindturbines
canbeusedforgrazingcattleandotherpurposes,andleasinglandforwind
turbinescanprovideextraincomeforfarmersandrachers.
Clickasquaretoinserttext
Changelocationasneeded
Michael:Duringtherealtest,youcanchangethelocationofthesentenceasmany
timesasyouneedto,soyoucanseehowitworksineachofthefourplaces.
Onscreen:Since1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowing
rapidly.In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,most
groupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawatts
ofelectricity.Somecompaniesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswider
possibilityandareplanningsizablewindfarmprojectsinstatesotherthan
CaliforniaMostwereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwind
turbines)andCalifornia(where17,000machinesproduced1percentofthestate's
electricity,enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFransico).
Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedby
exploitingthewindpotentialofjustthreestatesNorthDakota,SouthDakota,
andTexas.
Largewindfarmscanbebuiltinsixmonthstoayearandtheneasilyexpandedas
needed.Withamoderatetofairlyhighnetenergyyield,thesesystemsemitno
heattrappingcarbondioxideorotherairpollutantsandneednowaterforcooling
manufacturingthemproduceslittlewaterpollution.Thelandunderwindturbines
canbeusedforgrazingcattleandotherpurposes,andleasinglandforwind
turbinescanprovideextraincomeforfarmersandrachers.
Onscreen:Samplequestion
Michael:Here'sasampleInsertTextquestion,andthecorrespondingparagraph.
Notethatthesentencesays"Thisisthecriterion"Andit'simportanttolookfor
pronouns.Thepronounhereis"this,"sothereisprobablysomethingabouta
criterionintheprevioussentence.
Ifweinsertthesentenceatsquarenumber4,theprevioussentencetalksabout
"thestandardcriterion,"andthefollowingsentencesays"Yetanequally
importantcriterion".Sothat'salikelychoice.Andwhenyoureadthosesentences
together,thesentencesdoflowlogically.Sothisisthecorrectanswer.
Onscreen:Lookatthefoursquares[]thatindicatewherethefollowing
sentencecanbeaddedtothepassage.
ThisisthecriterionemphasizedbyDarwin'stheoryofevolutionbynatural
selection.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
Impactsbymeteoritesrepresentonemechanismthatcouldcauseglobal
catastrophesandseriouslyinfluencetheevolutionoflifeallovertheplanet.
Accordingtosomeestimates,themajorityofallextinctionsofspeciesmaybedue
tosuchimpacts.Suchaperspectivefundamentallychangesourviewof
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2017/1/17 InsidetheTOEFLTestReadingInsertTextQuestion
biologicalevolution.Thestandardcriterionforsurvivalofaspeciesisits
successincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychanging
environments.ThisisthecriterionemphasizedbyDarwin'stheoryofevolutionby
naturalselection.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciesto
surviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.
Michael:Onetipforimprovingyourreadingistoreallyknowyourpronouns,and
topracticematchingthemtothewordstheyrefertoinatext.Hereareafewof
themostcommonpronounsthatyouwillseewhenyouread.
Onscreen:SkillBuildingTipknowyourpronouns
This/these
That/those
They/them
Him/her
He/she/it
Which
Michael:TherearelotsofwaystoimproveyourEnglishskills.Whateveryoudo,
keeppracticing.AndgoodluckonyourTOEFLtest.
Onscreen:FormoreinformationabouttheTOEFLtestandtoregister,visitthe
TOEFLwebsiteatwww.toeflgoanywhere.org
[END]
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