OMITTED*

College of Engineering
Bo. *****o, Davao City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

ELECTRONICS CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Laboratory-Project

Crossover Filter

Submitted by:
OMITTED*
BSECE-3

Submitted to:
Engr. R*b*rto I. C**da, PECE
Assistant Professor 4
BSCoE, BSECE, MoE-ECE

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INTRODUCTION

Filters are devices that pass electric signals at certain frequencies or frequency
ranges while preventing the passage of others. Filter circuits are used in variety of
applications, but it is mostly used at audio circuits. In this manner, crossover filters takes
over the wheels.

Most individual speakers are incapable of covering the entire audio spectrum
from low frequencies to high frequencies with good relative volume and absence of
distortion so most of the speaker systems use a combination of multiple loudspeaker
drivers, each catering to a different frequency band. Crossovers split the audio signal
into separate frequency bands that can be separately routed to loudspeakers optimized
for those bands.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Creating a circuit is not an easy job. Designing it to come up with the desired
values while maintaining the best output is the challenge here. This time, we are to
design a crossover filter using the following specifications:

- A low pass filter with frequency of 310 Hz

- A high pass filter with frequency of 3.1k Hz
- A band pass filter with frequency range from 310-3.1k Hz
- Lastly, the overall gain should be -25

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on the usage of filters in the real-world application. The cross
over filter system is composed of a low pass (310 Hz), high pass (3.1k Hz) and a
bandpass (310-3,1k Hz) filters. This system will allow the audio signal to split into bands
that are processed separately before they are mixed again. This will result to an output
signal unchanged in frequency, relative levels and phase response. Satisfactory output
level comprising the desired parameters is the design goal.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

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 The frequency range of the system is limited at 310 Hz, 3.1k Hz, 310-3.1k Hz for
low pass, high pass and bandpass respectively. In short, we are to create a three way
cross over filter that is comprised by the following values above.

DESCRITION OF THE PROJECT

A three way crossover filter has one low pass, one high pass and a bandpass
filter and these stages will be the one split the signal up. The low pass filter will be used
to stop midrange or high frequencies from being sent to the bass driver or woofer, band
pass will stop the bass from going to the midrange driver, and high pass will prevent
bass from reaching the high frequency driver or tweeter.

SYSTEM DESIGN AND HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

The circuit is composed of the following electronic components: (9) UA741; two (2)
ten nano Farad (10nF), two (2) twelve nano Farad (12nF), four (4) twenty-two nano
Farad (22nF), two (2) thirty-three nano Farad (33nF), one (1) thirty-nine nano Farad
(39nF), one (1) three-hundred ninety nano Farad (390nF), one (1) five-hundred sixty
nano Farad (560nF) Mylar Capacitors; one (1) one-thousand two-hundred ohms (1.2k),
four (4) two-thousand two-hundred ohms (2.2k), two (2) one-thousand five-hundred
ohms (1.5k),two (2) fifty-six thousand ohms (56), one (1) twelve-thousand ohms
(12k), two (2) three-thousand nine-hundred thousand ohms (3.9k), three (3) five-
thousand six-hundred ohms (5.6k), one (1) one thousand ohms (1k) Resistors. In
creating the crossover, the components stated above were positioned as shown in the
schematic diagram.

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Bill of Materials

QUANTITY DESCRIPTION PRICE PER UNIT TOTAL PRICE

(PHP) (PHP)

1 4x5 PCB 20.00 20.00

9 UA741 15.00 135.00

2 10 nF Capacitor 1.20 2.40

2 12 nF Capacitor 1.20 2.40

4 22 nF Capacitor 1.20 4.80

2 33 nF Capacitor 1.20 2.40

1 39 nF Capacitor 1.50 1.50

1 390 nF Capacitor 4.00 4.00

1 560 nF Capacitor 6.00 6.00

1 1.2k Resistor 0.30 0.30

4 2.2k Resistor 0.30 1.20

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 2 1.5k Resistor 0.30 0.60

2 56k Resistor 0.30 0.60

1 12k Resistor 0.30 0.30

2 3.9k Resistor 0.30 0.60

3 5.6k Resistor 0.30 0.90

1 1k Resistor 0.30 0.30

TOTAL: 183.30

RECOMMENDATION

A three way crossover filter has a very technical background. To come up with a
satisfactory output, you will first meet some complexity problems and high power
demands. I suggest using 2-way crossover filter to minimize problems in complexity and
easily create an audio filter with good satisfactory output. A good output will be nothing if
the box is not properly designed. Improper placement of the speakers will cause
frequency distortion that destroys the stereo image.

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