MIX COMPOSITIONS AND THE RHEOLOGICAL

PROPERTIES OF UHPC

Regensburg
March 1st, 2011

Sandy Leonhardt

Technische Universitt Mnchen,

centre for building materials,
WG Concrete Technology
Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Gehlen

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
 DFG priority programme No. 1182
Sustainable Building with Ultra High Performance
Concrete

Binder Optimization

Motivation:

High contents of energy and cost-intensive components

Cement Silica Quartz Replacement by fly ash

fume powder in parts or complete

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
 DFG priority programme No. 1182
Sustainable Building with Ultra High Performance
Concrete

Binder Optimization

Motivation:

High contents of energy and cost-intensive components

It is not possible to predict workability only with the slump flow test

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
 DFG priority programme No. 1182
Sustainable Building with Ultra High Performance
Concrete

Binder Optimization

Aim:

Rheological measurements with Viskomat NT for

characterization of workability

Identify a range of workability from

rheological parameters

www.schleibinger.com

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
Methods for measurement

Inner cylinder Mortar paddle

Difference:
Geometry of measurement
system
Surface of load transmission
Measurement gap

= 0 + pl & T = g + hn
Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
Approach and methodology
10
9
8
shear profil
7
speed [rpm]

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
time [min]

Start measurement 15 minutes after addition of water

2 minutes constant pre-shear to cause structural breakdown
Low rotational speed due to
high viscosity of concrete
speed similar to slump flow measurement
Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
Analysis 35

30 yield value
25
Component Reference

torque [Nmm]
20
Cement kg/m 876
15
Silica fume kg/m 142
10 Herschel Bulkley model
Quartz powder kg/m 218
T = g + AHB n b
Quartz sand kg/m 985 5 1.04
T = 6.1+2.66n

Superplasticizer kg/m 16.7 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Water kg/m 187 speed [rpm]

35

30 plastic viscosity
Yield value is determined by 25
Herschel Bulkley model

torque [Nmm]
Bingham model
20
T = g + hn
Plastic viscosity is determined by 15
T = 6.8+2.9n

Bingham model slope 1/h

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
speed [rpm]

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
Replacement of cement by fly ash (FA) 400
SP content const.
350

300 increase - 8%
-13%
SP

slump flow [mm]

Replacement of 15 and 35 vol.% 250 water
cement by FA 200

150
unchanged packing density 100
with 88.4% (calculated) 50

Improved workability due to 0

Ref ZA15 ZA35 ZA 35-WA ZA 35-FM
reduced reactivity and ball-bearing 10 30

plastic viscosity [Nmmmin]

SP content const.
effect of FA 8 25

yield value [Nmm]

20
A reduction in water content 6 - 8%
increases plastic viscosity and reduct water 15
4 io n -13% 10
yield value SP
2 5
Similar workability when content of 0 0
ZA 35- ZA 35-
superplasticizer (SP) is reduced Ref ZA15 ZA35
WA FM
plastic viscosity 2.9 2.6 1.7 3.6 1.8
yield value 6.1 5.0 2.7 6.6 3.0

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
 100
Replacement of silica fume by
90
ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) 80
70

passing [vol.%]
60
50
40
Replacement of 50 und 100 vol.% 30
silica fume by UFFA 20
silica fume

10 UFFA
Particle size of silica fume: 0.2 m 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
particle size of UFFA: 3.6 m
particle size [m]
100
Particle size distribution of mixture 90

becomes coarser 80
70

passing [vol.%]
60
50
40
30
20 reference
10 SA 100
0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
particle size [m]

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
replacement of silica fume by 400
ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) SP content + 39%
350

300

slump flow [mm]

250

200
Reduction in packing density 150
SA50: - 2.8% 100
SA100: - 5.4% 50

0
Increased plastic viscosity at constant Ref SA50 SA100
yield value doesnt relate to slump 10 30

plastic viscosity [Nmmmin]

flow test as expected 8 25

yield value [Nmm]

Workability seems to be more affected 6
20

measurement
by the reduced packing density than by 15

impossible
4
the lower surface area of mixture 10
2 5
Replacement of silica fume by UFFA
not recommended 0
Ref SA50 SA100
0

plastic viscosity 2.9 5.5 0.0

yield value 6.1 6.9 0.0

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
 Replacement of quartz powder by fly ash (FA)
400
and ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) SP content const.
350

300
Replacement of 100 vol.% quartz powder

slump flow [mm]

250
by FA and UFFA
200
Packing density changed 150
QMA100: +0.3% 100
QMA100-F: - 0.2% 50

Loss of workability when FA is used 0

Ref QMA100 QMA100-F
probably adsorption of superplasticizer 10 30
molecules on unburnt carbons in FA1 SP content const.

plastic viscosity [Nmmmin]

8 25

yield value [Nmm]

increased yield value SP demand
20
6
Similar workability with UFFA 4
15

10
2 5

0 0
Ref QMA100 QMA100-F
1According to Laskar and Talukdar: Rheological behavior of high plastic viscosity 2.9 2.8 2.0
performance concrete with mineral admixtures and their blending. yield value 6.1 16.5 11.0
Construction and Building Materials 22, 2008

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
 400
Optimized mixtures - rheology SP content const.
350

300
Component Reference M1F M2F

slump flow [mm]

250
Cement kg/m 876 747 572
Fly ash kg/m - 244 487 200

Silica fume kg/m 142 121 144 150

Quartz powder kg/m 218 - - 100

Quartz sand kg/m 985 1039 871 50

Superplasticizer kg/m 16.7 16.7 16.7 0

Water kg/m 187 187 187 Ref M1F M2F
10 30

plastic viscosity [Nmmmin]

4 4 4
Surface (BET) m/m 35510 31210 35810 SP content const.
8 25

yield value [Nmm]

20
Combined replacement of cement, 6
15
quartz powder and silica fume by fly ash 4
at constant packing density 10
2 5
Improved workability for M1F
0 0
Ref M1F M2F
Small loss of workability for M2F plastic viscosity 2.9 2.1 2.5
yield value 6.1 4.7 14.5

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
Optimized mixtures compressive strength after heat treatment

300
compressive strength [N/mm]

250

200

150

100 reference
M1F
50
M2F

0
0 3 7 28 56 90
Cylinder 50/50 mm
time [d]

Reduced compressive strength with increased content of fly ash

But all compressive strengths higher than 200 N/mm

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
Rheological properties of all measured mixtures range of workability
According to Kordts and Breit: 30
Beurteilung der Frischbetoneigenschaften
von Selbstverdichtendem Beton
Beton 53 (11), 2003 25 4 Nmmmin

yield value [Nmm]

20 QMA 100

15

10 good workability
Ref
240 mm 7 Nmm
5 ZA 35
M1F SA 50
300 mm 0
relate to slump flow 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
plastic viscosity [Nmmmin]

perspective: time x time y

determine with
V-funnel test

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de
Conclusions

It is not possible to predict all aspects of workability with the slump flow test
Knowledge of plastic viscosity and yield value is sufficient to describe
workability of UHPC
Improved workability
with increasing replacement of limited portion of cement by fly ash
optimized mixture with combined replacement
Loss of workability
with increasing replacement of silica fume by ultra-fine fly ash
complete replacement of quartz powder by fly ash
Determination of a range of workability for UHPC with good workability
properties

Sandy Leonhardt
leonhardt@cbm.bv.tum.de