Mengapa dilakukan tiroidektomi?

A patient with a fine needle aspiration biopsy consistent with a follicular neoplasm should, at
minimum, undergo a diagnostic thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy. Patients with a
follicular neoplasm and a prior history of head or neck radiation or nodular disease
involving the contralateral lobe of the thyroid gland should be treated with a definitive total
thyroidectomy.
Thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy is definitive treatment for patients with a benign
follicular adenoma and patients with minimally invasive follicular cancer. Invasive follicular
carcinoma is a more aggressive tumor with a propensity for systemic metastases and a worse
prognosis. Patients with invasive follicular carcinoma are treated with a total thyroidectomy.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228182/)

The initial treatment for cancer of the thyroid is surgical. The exact nature of the
surgical procedure to be performed depends for the most part on the extent of the
local disease. A consensus approach might be to perform a total thyroidectomy if the
primary tumor is larger than 1 cm in diameter or if there is extrathyroidal involvement
or distant metastases. Clinically evident lymphadenopathy should be removed with a
neck dissection. If the primary tumor is less than 1 cm in diameter, a unilateral
lobectomy might be considered.
Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend
lobectomy plus isthmusectomy as the initial surgery for patients with follicular
neoplasms, with prompt completion of thyroidectomy if invasive follicular thyroid
carcinoma (FTC) is found on the final histologic section. Therapeutic neck dissection
of involved compartments is recommended for clinically apparent/biopsy-proven
disease. [1]
The NCCN recommends total thyroidectomy as the initial procedure only if invasive
cancer or metastatic disease is apparent at the time or surgery, or if the patient
wishes to avoid a second, completion thyroidectomy should the pathologic review
reveal cancer. [1]
About 4-6 weeks after surgical thyroid removal, patients must have radioiodine to
detect and destroy any metastasis and any residual tissue in the thyroid. Administer
therapy until no further radioiodine uptake is noted.
(http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/278488-treatment)

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines merekomendasikan lobectomi

ditambah isthmusectomy untuk pasien dengan follicular neoplasms, dan total tiroidektomi
jika terjadi invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).
Sekitar 4-6 minggu setelah operasi pengangkatan tiroid, pasien harus menerima radioiodine
untuk mendeteksi dan menghancurkan adanya metastasis dan jaringan residu pada tiroid.

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1891109-overview tiroidektomi

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500021-overview#a5 tiroid cancer guidelines