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Methods to Solve Part 3

1. Least Square Lines

2. Linear Regression using Microsoft Excel
3. Solution by Plotting Graph

Solution by Plotting Graph

A graph is plotted from table 1

t y y/t
0.5 0.4 0.8
1 0.71 0.71
1.5 0.62 0.413333333
2 0.62 0.31
2.25 0.05 0.022222222
Table 1

From the graph, the values of gradient and y-intercept are obtained
0.85 0.41
=
0.5 1.5
= 0.44
= 1.06
The values then are compared to the linear equation from equation 1
+ 2 =
= 2 +

= +

Equation 1

=
= 0.44
= .
=
= .
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Linear Regression
Before applying linear regression, the equation from the question has to be
converted from non-linear to linear equation.
+ 2 =
= 2 +

= +

Equation 2

Where

=

=
=
=
The values from the questions are tabulated in Microsoft Excel.

t Y y/t
0.5 0.4 0.8
1 0.71 0.71
1.5 0.62 0.413333333
2 0.62 0.31
2.25 0.05 0.022222222
Table 2
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A scatter graph is plotted from table 1.

y against time
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
y (m)

0.7
0.5
0.3
0.1
-0.1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
t(s)

y/t

Graph 1

By adding a trend line to the graph, an equation is obtained by using the method of
linear regression. The gradient of the equation represents and the y-intercept
represents .

y against time
1.5
1.3
1.1
y = -0.4247x + 1.0669
0.9
y (m)

0.7
0.5
0.3
0.1

-0.5 -0.1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

t(s)

y/t Linear (y/t)

The equation which is obtained from the graph is then compared to Equation 1
= 0.4247 + 1.0669
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= +

= .
= .

Least Square Lines

The general equation for a straight line is = + . The formula below is used to
find
( ) ( )( )
=
( 2 ) ( )2
Equation 3

The formula below is used to find c

( ) ( )
=

The values from the question is tabulated into table 2 and table 3

t y y/t t*(y/t) x^2

0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.25
1 0.71 0.71 0.71 1
1.5 0.62 0.413333333 0.62 2.25
2 0.62 0.31 0.62 4
2.25 0.05 0.022222222 0.05 5.0625
Table 3

Sum of t 7.25
Sum of y 2.255556
Sum of t*(y/t) 2.4
sum of x^2 12.5625
Table 4

Substituting the values from table 3 into equation 1 and 2, the values of and is
obtained
5(2.4) (7.25)(2.255556)
=
5(12.5625) (7.25)2
= 0.4247
2.255556 (0.4247)(7.25)
=
5
= 1.0669
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The values obtained from the calculation is compared to equation 1

= +

=
= 0.4247
= .
=
= .