Wetvs.

DryTreeSelectioninDeepwaterDevelopments
MCEDeepwaterDevelopment2015London,UK
RobertEichenlaub

2015KBRInc.AllRightsReserved.
Introduction
WetTreevsDryTreeCompletionSystems:
Oneofthekeydecisionsoffshorefielddevelopmentplanning
isselectionofawettreeordrytreecompletionsystem.
Bothsystemshavebeensuccessfullyusedindeepwater
developments.Drytreesystemsupto1,707m (5,600ft)and
wettreesystemsupto2,926m(9,600ft).
Theinfluenceonfielddevelopmentdecisions,drillingand
interventionmethods,facilitysizeandoperationalissuesare
reviewedinordertoprovideguidanceoncompletionsystem
selection.
Theimpactofdrytreevs. wettreesystemselectionon
developmentconceptandfloatingfacilitytypeselectionwas
examinedthroughaU.S.GulfofMexicofielddevelopment
casestudyin1,219m(4,000ft)waterdepth.

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TechnologyProgression
ProgressionofDeepwaterDevelopmentTechnology:
AugerTLP:1994Firstdrytreeproduction/drillingTLPintheGoMat884m(2,900ft).
DevilsTowerTrussSPAR:Deepestdrytreeplatformat1,707m(5,600ft),GoM.
PerdidoSPAR:Deepestfloatingwettreeplatformat2,438(8,000ft),GoM.
Cascade&ChinookFPSO:FirstFPSOinGoMwettreeplatformat2,590m(8,500ft).
Drytowetwaterdepthcutoffisbetween1,524m(5,000ft)and1,829m(6,000ft.)

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DryTreeSystems
MajorComponents:
TopTensionedRiserSystem(TTR)
DrillingRiser
ProductionRiser
SubseaWellhead
TiebackConnector
RiserJoints
BuoyancyModules
TensionerSystems
SurfaceTree
FlexibleJumpers
ControlsUmbilical

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WetTreeSystems
MajorComponents:
SubseaTrees
Manifoldsc/wfoundations
Flowlines
PLETs
WellandFlowlineJumpers
EHUmbilicals
UTAs
FlyingLeads
TopsidesControls

Alsoneeded:
XTandTHTooling
IWOCS
ROVTooling
Misc.InstallationAids

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FieldDevelopmentPlanningConsiderations
DryTreeApplications:
Suitabletoallreservoirgeometriesbutlimitedinarealsizeduetodrilling
constraints.
Upfrontdecisionrequiredonnumberofwellslotsormorecomplex
completiondesigns.
Facilitiesarelimitedaswaterdepthincreases(e.g.TLPupto
approximately1,524m(5,000ft),ChevronBigFoot).
Drillingtemplatesetbelowthehostfacilityanddrillingstepoutdistances
limitdrillingcapabilities.
Directverticalflowpathfromsubsurfacecompletionminimizesflow
assuranceissues.
ExcludestheuseofstandaloneFPSObuthostfacilitycanbepairedwith
FSOtoallowinfieldstorage.
PredrilloperationsrequireaMODUwithcompletionshandledbyonboard
rig.
SIMOPSrequiredfordrillingandproductionoperationsonsamefacility.
SIMOPSrequiresgreaterlevelofsafetyplanning.Droppedobjectsduring
drillingisamajorconcern.
Productionrampuplimitedbywaitforonboardrigforcompletions.
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FieldDevelopmentPlanningConsiderations
WetTreeApplications:
Suitabletoallreservoirgeometriesandarealsize.
Canprovideflexibilityinnumberofwellsfordevelopment.
Notconstrainedbycurrentwaterdepths inwhichindustryoperates.
Limitedonlybyseafloortopography.Wellscanbelocatedasstandalone
locationsorclusteredlocations.
Suitableforinfielddevelopmentsandlongdistancetiebacks.
Distancefromhostfacilitymayresultinreducedwellperformancedueto
pressuredropandflowassuranceissues.
Supportsuseoffloatingfacilitieswithstoragecapability(FPSO).
Suitableforpredrillordrillingovertime(DOT).
Requiresmobileassetsforworkover/interventionwork(MODUs,MSVs,
etc.).
Drillingissegregatedfromproductionoperations.
Abilitytopredrillandcompleteallowsforquickproductionrampuponce
facilityiscommissioned.

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ImpactstoFloatingFacilitySelection DryTree
SurfaceTree, maincomponentforwellcontrol,locatedonproduction
deck.
Directverticalaccesstoallorsomewells.
Higherpayloadduetolargenumberofrisers,tensionersanddrilling
facility.
Largerdeckarearequiredtoaccommodatewellbay.
HullselectionislimitedtoSPAR,TLPandSemi(notinuseatthistime).
Host(hull)supportsrisersanddrillingfacilitywhichrequiremotion
optimizedhullsuchasSPARorTLP.
Withincreasingwaterdepththeriser
payloadsincreaseandthecomplexity ofthe
hullandrisersdesignincreases.
Complexriserdesignissue Limited
byrisertensionercapacity.
Tighterwatchcirclerequiredto
maintainriserswithinoperational
performancewindow.
Deepestdrytreefacility:Devilstower,
SPARin1,710m(5,610ft)WD,GoM2004.
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ImpactstoFloatingFacilitySelection WetTree
SubseaTree,maincomponent
forwellcontrol,locatedatsea
bed.
Fewernumberofrisersrequired
asflowlinesaregrouped
togethersubsea
Fewernumberofrisersresultsin
lowerpayloadonhull.
Greaterflexibilityintermsof
hullselectionandfuture
expansion.

SubseawettreesystemstypicallypairedwithanFPSObutcanbeusedwithanyhull
form.
Smallerimpactontopsidesweight,layoutandpayloadrequirements.
DeepestwettreeapplicationisthePerdidodevelopment,SPARwithwettree
completionin2,926m(9,600ft)WD(TobagoField).

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CaseStudyAssumptions
GeneralFieldData: WetTreeHostFacility:
Location/Metocean:U.S.GoM FacilityType:SPAR
WaterDepth:(1,200m)4,000ft Length:180m
DesignandFieldLife:25years
HullDiameter:39m
ReservoirExtent:15sqmiles/homogenous
ReservoirDepth:10,000ft(3,048m)TVDbelow OperatingDraft:162m
mudline HullWeight:20,065Mt
SIWHP<10,000psi Displacement:78,942Mt
MaximumOilRate:80kbopd
DrillingUnit:None
MaximumGasRate:67mmscfd
MaximumLiquid(O&W)Rate:120kbpd
TotalWells:22wells,11production,11waterinjection

DrillingData: DryTreeHostFacility:
5,500MtOnboardDrillingandCompletionUnitwith FacilityType:SPAR
DVA
Drilling&CompletionEstimates: Length:186m
InitialDrillingTime:50(dry)to60(wet)days HullDiameter:41m
InitialCompletionTime:48(dry)to30(wet)days OperatingDraft:167m
LearningCurveEffect:15%onbothdrillingand HullWeight:24,209Mt
completion
Onboardrigoperatingcostsis45%oftheMODUrate Displacement:105,568Mt
MODUrateassumedat$840kperday Drilling Unit:5,500Mt

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CaseStudyMethodology
Createreservoirdescriptionforcasestudy.
Developproductionprofilesandwellcounts.
Createdevelopmentplansforeachscenario.
WettreewithSPARproductionfacility.
DrytreewithSPARdrillingandproductionfacility.
CreateEPCIandD&Cdevelopmentschedules.
CreateCAPEXestimatesandtimephasedinvestment
schedules.
CreateOPEXestimatesandtimephasedexpenseschedules.
Performeconomicmodeling.
StudyeffectofdifferencesinD&ConCAPEX,developmenteconomics
andconceptselection.
Summarizefindings.
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CaseStudyResults
Schedule&ProductionComparison:

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CaseStudyResults
CAPEXComparison:
WetTree DryTree
Delta$ Delta%
Development Development
Facilities $2,034,107 $2,131,164 $97,057 8%
Installation&
$469,574 $292,371 $177,203 14%
Commissioning
Drill&Complete $3,893,500 $2,932,425 $961,075 78%
TOTAL: $6,397,181 $5,355,960 $1,235,335 100%

Facilitiesdifferentialisdrivenbythesubseaproductionsystemcost.
Installation&Commissioningdifferentialisdrivenbythesubseaproductionsystem
(flowlines,risers,subseakit).
DrillandCompletiondifferentialcostisdrivenbytherigoperatingcosts(MODU
ratevs.onboardrigoperatingrate).

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CaseStudyResults
EconomicComparisonwithCAPEXsensitivity:

WET
B

DRY
B

1 .5 0 .5 1 1.5 2

NPV($Billions)
DiscountRate:12%
BestestimateCAPEXforWetTree:$6.4BandDryTree:$5.4B
CAPEXsensitivity:+40%/20%
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Conclusions
Technicalconsiderations,investmentlevelsand
economicsareallconsiderationsinthedryvs.wet
conceptselectiondecision.
Levelofuncertaintyinthedataplaysanimportantrole.
Acomprehensiveevaluationmethodologyneedstobe
usedduringconceptselection.
DuringtheconceptselectandPreFEEDphasesof
engineeringdefinition,selectionofeitherawettreeor
drytreesolutionmaybepremature.
Conceptselectionisatimebaseddecisionasmore
definitionisachieved.

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EndofPresentation
ThankYou
RobertEichenlaub
Granherne
robert.eichenlaub@granherne.com

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