Nokia Siemens Networks WCDMA RAN System,

WBTS5.0 (Training 11.12.2007)

RAN1110: HSDPA Congestion Control

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Introduction

RAN1110 HSDPA Congestion Control

This feature belongs to application software.

This feature is implemented at the BTS and its purpose is to maintain

the maximum Iub utilisation which does not cause a congestion
situation.
Frame losses and delays on Iub are monitored and existing FP layer
flow control mechanism is used to signal how much the RNC is
allowed to send data towards the BTS to keep frame losses and
delays below desired limits.

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Benefits for the operator

To the RNC, the Iub congestion after hub points is hidden,

thus the full view to the congestion situation is not available in
the RNC.

With this feature the Iub HSDPA congestion can be detected

at the BTS and even proactively prevented, which makes
higher statistical multiplexing ratios feasible.

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Functional description - general

3GPP Rel-7 contains mechanisms for Iub HSDPA data congestion

detection and control. The HSDPA congestion detection mechanism is
similar to the mechanism introduced for the HSUPA.

HSDPA Congestion Control is implemented at the BTS. Iub congestion

detection is done at the BTS FP layer using the build-up delay information
(DRT) and the sequence numbering (FSN) field in the downlink FP frames
which the RNC includes in the HS-DSCH Data Frame. In addition, CRC
field is also included in frame loss detection because FSN can only be
monitored from intact frames.

Both the build-up delay and the lost frames per MAC-d flow are monitored
at the BTS and the congestion status is indicated to the congestion control
entity of that MAC-d flow.

Based on the congestion status, congestion control entity uses existing FP

layer flow control mechanism to signal how much the RNC is allowed to
send data towards MAC-hs.

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Functional description - 3GPP Rel7 HS-DSCH data
frame structure

FSN: The 4-bit long FSN number is

added by CRNC to every transmitted
HS-DSCH data frame that belongs to
one MAC-d CmCH-PI flow. Every data
flow generates its own Frame Sequence
Number.

DRT: Delay Reference Time information

is 16-bit long field that is used for
dynamic delay measurement with 1 ms
resolution. There is a New IE flags in
HS-DSCH DATA FRAME indicates if the
2 octets following the New IE Flags IE
contains a valid DRT(1) or not (0).

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Functional description congestion detection

Frame Loss type congestion is detected from incorrect CRC

in FP header or payload or from a discontinuity in Frame
Sequence Numbering (FSN).
Iub delay buildup based congestion is detected per MAC-d
flow by using Multilevel ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification)
method, which uses different thresholds when congestion
severity is evaluated:
minimum delay (Thmin), middle delay (Thmid) and maximum delay
(Thmax).
moderate delay region is from Thmin to Thmid.
severe delay region is from Thmid to Thmax and beyond.
propability value for data rate reduction exist for each delay value
between Thmin and Thmax. When there is increase in delay, the
probability of rate reduction for all connections increases at the same
time, but only the MAC-d flows which succeed in a check against the
propability value are selected for data rate adjustment.

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 Functional description multilevel ECN illustration
Need for data rate reduction based on congestion severity is evaluated per
MAC-d flow (to be changed to per all MAC-d flows / TUP) using a two
threshold propability curves similar to ECN.
If measured delay
The congestion detection algorithm follows buildup exceeds
P(t) Automatically adjusted a two threshold probability curve similar to Thmax, then
maximum propability. ECN. P1(t) curve produces smaller according to
reduction to the data rate, whereas the propability curve,
Propability P2(t) curve produces more aggressive drop the data rate is
to reduce in the data rate on Iub. always reduced.
the data
rate of this
MAC-d
flow. System is in moderate
congestion if the delay
buildup is between
Thmin and Thmid.
Data rate reduction need
is tested against the
propablity P1(t).

System is not in
congestion if the System is in severe
delay is below congestion if the delay
Thmin. buildup is between
Thmid and Thmax.
Data rate reduction need
is tested against the
propablity P2(t) and if not
successful then against
P1(t).

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Functional description - external Interfaces

- RNC BTS (Iub frame protocol)

- RNC can include the DRT and FSN into HS-DSCH data frames.
- BTS can control the data rate in Iub with HS-DSCH capacity allocation
frames.

- BTS manager BTS

- User can configure the feature with a set of management parameters
(introduced in coming slides).

- NetAct / BTS manager

- User can monitor the performance of the feature with a set of counters
(introduced in coming slides).

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Functional description implementation summary
RN
BTS 2. FP frame is received from the RNC.
C Presence of input fields enables the
HSDPA Congestion Control in the BTS.

CRC, FSN, DRT

3. CRC result of FP header and payload,
Frame sequence number and delay
reference time are provided to CC for
1. If the licence for HSDPA Congestion
congestion detection.
Control exists and feature is activated with

HS-DSCH FP
parameter HSDPACCEnabled, RNC inserts DRT
the input fields to HS-DSCH Data Frames of 4. Flow control calculates the credits
the MAC-d flow. FSN Flow taking account the data amount in user
Control buffer, the throughput estimate of the user
CRC and the possible guaranteed bit rate
requirement.
Proposed
HS-DSCH credits
HS-DSCH Credits,
Congestion Status Congestion 5. Frame Loss congestion is evaluated from
CRC and FSN and Iub Delay congestion is
Control evaluated using DRT information with the M-
ECN algorithm.
If congestion is detected from frame loss
6. New credit allocation is sent to the RNC in HS-DSCH reason, credit amount is limited.
Capacity Allocation Frame. Frame also contains If congestion is detected from delay build-up
Congestion Status bits (not used in RNC): reason, credit amount is limited if MAC-d flow
00: No TNL Congestion succeeds in propability check.

10: TNL Congestion detected by delay build-up

11: TNL Congestion detected by frame loss

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 One FSPB card can host 1-3 dedicated MAC-hs
schedulers (64 users / each) or 1-3 shared
Deployment in FSPB (FlexiBTS) schedulers (1-3 cells / each) with max 64 total users
per shared scheduler.

FSPB
MCU Iub FP instance per MAC-d flow, Iub flow
MAC-hs (QoS packet scheduling etc). control and HSDPA Congestion Control.
Deploya
Provides air interface throughput estimate Deploya Deploya
CC knows the data buffered in BTS for the
ble Unit ble Unit ble Unit
to TUP for one input in credit calculation. Telecom user, GBR attributes of each priority
CC&S HWAPI
No other interaction with flow / congestion queue, the congestion status from Iub FP
control. frames and air i/f TP estimate from DSP to
derive credits. TUP serves all the
Faraday x N Faraday x 1, TUP Faraday schedulers on card.

CPU 1 CPU2 CPU 1 CPU2

Deployable Deployable
Deployable Deployable
Unit Unit
Unit Unit
DSP DSP
TUP TUP

Deployable Deployable Deployable Deployable

Unit Unit Unit Unit
CC&S CC&S CC&S CC&S

Deployable Deployable Deployable Deployable

Unit Unit Unit Unit
DSP HWAPI DSP HWAPI DSP HWAPI DSP HWAPI

CPU 3 CPU 3

Deployable Deployable Deployable

Deployable Deployable Deployable
Unit Unit Unit
Unit Unit Unit
TUP CC&S DSP HWAPI
DSP CC&S DSP HWAPI

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Deployment on FSPA (FlexiBTS) One FSPA card can handle HSDPA of one
cell (48 users) or three cells with shared
Iub FP instance per MAC-d flow, Iub flow scheduler (sum of users in cells is 48).
control and HSDPA Congestion Control.
System Module CC knows the data buffered in BTS for the
user, GBR attributes of each priority
Control MCU queue, the congestion status from Iub FP FSPA x3
frames and air i/f TP estimate from DSP to
derive credits. BB_MCU
Deployable Unit Deploy Deploy
Deployable Unit Deployable
Telecom able able
BTSOM Unit
TUP Unit Unit
HWAPI CC&S
MAC-hs (QoS packet scheduling etc).
Deployable Unit Provides air interface throughput estimate
Deployable Unit UM to TUP for one input in credit calculation.
TUP No other interaction with flow / congestion
control.
Deployable Unit RAKE DSP x3 CODEC DSP
DFT
Deployable Unit Deployable Unit
DSP SW DSP SW
Deployable Unit Deployable Unit
CC&S HWAPI
Deployable Unit Deployable Unit
CC&S CC&S

Transmission Submodule
Deployable Unit Deployable Unit Deployable Unit
Deployable Unit MRS DSP HWAPI DSP HWAPI
BTSOM (SMA)

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Deployment on WSPC (Nora BTS)
WAM

CTRL MCU

Deployable Deployable Deployable Deployable

Unit Unit Unit Unit
Telecom BTSOM HWAPI CC&S

ATM HOST ATM MCU x3 Iub FP instance per MAC-d flow, Iub flow
control and HSDPA Congestion Control.
Deployable Deployable CC knows the GBR attributes of each
Unit Unit
TUP TUP priority queue, the congestion status from
One WSPC card can handle HSDPA of Iub FP frames and air i/f TP estimate from
one cell (48 users) or three cells with DSP to derive credits.
shared scheduler (sum of users in cells is
48). WSPC x 1-18 WTR

BB_MCU
Deployable Unit
Deployable Deploy Deploy WTR
Unit able able
TUP Unit Unit
HWAPI CC&S Deployable Unit
UM
MAC-hs (QoS packet scheduling etc).
Provides air interface throughput estimate Deployable Unit
to TUP for one input in credit calculation. RAKE DSP x3 CODEC DSP
HWAPI

No other interaction with flow / congestion

Deployable Unit Deployable Unit
control. DSP SW DSP SW

Deployable Deployable
Unit Unit
CC&S CC&S WPA

Deployable Deployable Deployable Unit

Unit Unit WPA
DSP HWAPI DSP HWAPI

Deployable Unit
UM

AXC
Deployable Unit Deployable Unit Deployable Unit
AXC BTSOM (SMA) HWAPI

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HW/SW requirements

SW requirements

BTS BTS BTS BTS

RAS RNC AXC NetAct MSC SGSN MGW UE
Ultra Flexi Pico NBxxx

WBTS WBTS NBxxx OSS5.

Release RU10 RN4.0 WP3.0 - - - - -
5.0 5.0 _RU10 1

HW requirements
This feature does not require any additional HW

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Activation and operation

In RNC, HSDPA congestion control can be enabled and disabled with a

management parameter HSDPACCEnabled when a valid licence exists.
Licence is a long term capacity licence (number of BTS).

Operation of the feature can be monitored with new counters introduced in

the HSDPA in WBTS measurement.

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Activation and operation - setting up the BTS
parameters

Commissioning engineer can define the operating

boundaries of M-ECN algorithm for the Iub delay
based congestion detection
Minimum threshold (Thmin)
Middle threshold (Thmid)
Maximum threshold (Thmax)
Congestion Control Policy (CCPolicy)

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Interdependencies between features

RAN1262 QoS Aware HSPA Scheduling

RAN1004 Streaming QoS for HSPA
RAN1004 allows network to define Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) to a SPI value
selected for Streaming traffic class. It also allows operator to define a Nominal
Bit Rate (NBR) to Interactive traffic classes. For more information on above
features, see their respective training materials.
HSDPA Congestion Control Policy is an attribute which defines what kind of
authority the congestion control mechanism has over an individual SPI class.
Control all data. This means that in a risk of Iub congestion situation, the HSDPA
CC mechanisms are able to reduce the number of credits to zero. This setting is
intended for traffic without bit rate guarantees.
Or, control the data over GBR if GBR is defined. This means that in a risk of Iub
congestion situation, the HSDPA CC mechanisms are able to reduce all the credits
that exceed GBR rates. This setting is intended for traffic with bit rate guarantees.
With this setting, it is also possible to define similar behaviour for NBR traffic, but
this is not recommended.
Or, it has no control over a SPI class. This means that HSDPA CC has no authority
to reduce credit of defined SPI class.

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Management data RNc parameters

Description Range Default Object Modification

Name
value
BTS specific activation 0 (Disabled), 1 0 BTS Online
parameter for the (Enabled) (Disabled)
HSDPACCEnabled
HSDPA Congestion
Control.

Parameter changes possible

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Management data BTS parameters
Description Range Default Object Modification
Name
value
Minimum build-up delay To be To be BTS BTS
threshold for the delay based informed informed after Commissioning
Thmin
congestion detection after simulations.
algorithm. simulations.
Middle build-up delay To be To be BTS BTS
threshold for the delay based informed informed after Commissioning
Thmid
congestion detection after simulations.
algorithm. simulations.
Maximum build-up delay To be To be BTS BTS
threshold for the delay based informed informed after Commissioning
Thmax congestion detection after simulations.
algorithm. simulations.

HSDPA Congestion Control Control All RT: Control BTS BTS

Policy is an attribute which Data, Control Data Over Commissioning
defines what kind of authority Data Over GBR
CCPolicy
the congestion control GBR, No NRT: Control
mechanism has over an Control All Data
individual SPI class.

Parameter changes possible

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Management data counters

PI ID Description Updated
Number of HS-DSCH When credits are reduced because of a successfull
M5000C176 credit reductions due propability P1 check of M-ECN algorithm.
to moderate Iub delay
build-up.
Number of HS-DSCH When credits are reduced because of either a successfull
credit reductions due propability P2 check or because the delay exceeds the M-
M5000C177 to severe Iub delay ECN maximum delay threshold (Thmax).
build-up.
Number of HS-DSCH When credits are reduced because of CRC or FSN check.
M5000C178 credit reductions due
to frame loss.
Number of HS-DSCH When credits are reduced to zero because of buffer filling.
M5000C179 credit reductions due
MAC-hs buffer filling.

Counter changes possible

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Related customer documents

HSDPA in BTS

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