A 32-year-old female falls form the 10th floor of her apartment building in an
apparent suicide attempt. Upon presentation, the patient has obvious head and
extremity injuries. Primary survey reveals that the patient is totally apneic. By
which method is the immediate need for a definitive airway in this patient best
provided?
3. A 16-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a stab wound to the
anterior midneck. On physical examination, it is difficult to determine if the plane
of the platsyma has been violated. However, subcutaneous emphysema is found
on palpation. What is the next management step?
(A) esophagogram
(B) arteriography
(C) surgical exploration
(D) esophagoscopy
(E) CT scan of the neck with oral and intravenous contrast
4. A 20-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after being hit in the
face during a baseball game. On physical examination, the patient's blood pressure is
90mmHg, and there is significant bleeding from the nose that cannot be controlled
either by fracture reduction or by anterior and posterior nasopharyngeal packing.
What is the next step in management?
6. Following a car crash in which her face hit the steering wheel, a 37-year-old
woman presents to the emergency department with facial deformity. Facial x-rays
showed a transverse fracture through the articulation of the maxillary and nasal
bones with the frontal bone. The fracture also passed below the zygomatic bone.
What is the diagnosis?
7. A 40-year-old man is hit in the face with a baseball bat and presents to the
emergency department with massive facial swelling, ecchymosis, and an
elongated face. There is mobility of the middle third of the face on digital
manipulation of the maxilla. What is likely the diagnosis.
(A) The internal jugular vein may be ligated unilaterally without unfavorable
sequelae.
(B) Unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery results in neurologic
deficiency in 90% of cases.
(C) Esophageal injuries should be drained externally only when extensive
devitalization is present.
(D) Tracheostomy is indicated in dealing with most laryngeal or tracheal
injuries.
(E) Injuries to the trachea must be drained externally.
9. A 24-year-old woman with blunt trauma to the head sustained in a car accident
presents with a history of loss of consciousness for approximately 10 minutes at
the scene of the accident. She is currently fully awake, oriented, and responsive.
With regard to the appropriate care of this woman, which of the following
statements is true?
(A) In this setting, a fully awake patient who has a normal examination does
not require hospital admission for observation.
(B) If skull x-rays show no fracture, the likelihood of significant intracranial
injury is low, and hospital admission is unwarranted.
(C) If fundoscopic examination of this patient shows no papilledema, elevated
intracranial pressure can be ruled out.
(D) The initial effects of elevated intracranial pressure are bradycardia and
hypertension.
(E) If this patient were to exhibit a sudden fall in blood pressure and alteration
in mental status, spinal cord or brain stem injury would be most likely.
10. A 20-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a stab wound to
the neck above the angle of mandible. The patient's blood pressure is
110/80mmHg, her pulse rate is 100bpm, and her respiration rate is 24 breaths per
minute. Between initial presentations and insertion of intravenous lines, the
hematoma in the upper neck enlarges significantly. What should be the next step
in the patient's management?
11. A 65-year-old man is brought into the emergency department with a gunshot
wound to the neck. His blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg. The patient undergoes
rapid resuscitation and is brought immediately to the OR, where a carotid artery
injury is found in zone II (between the angle of mandible and cricoid). The patient
has no internal carotid flow; just before surgery, his neurological status
deteriorates, and he becomes unresponsive. The operative management should be
which of the following?
14. A 40-year-old woman was involved in a car accident. She was unconscious for 5
minutes. X-ray revealed a depressed fracture in the frontal region. Which is true of
skull fracture?
A 14-year-old boy with a known bleeding tendency since infancy has severe epistaxis.
Examination reveals an equinus contracture of the right leg and a large hemarthrosis.
(A) penicillamine
(B) transfusion of factor VIII to 30% of normal
(C) transfusion of factor VIII to 10% of normal
(D) platelet transfusion
(E) exploration of joint
18. A 10-year-old boy with history of prolonged bleeding after minor injury is
scheduled for tonsillectomy. The bleeding time, PT, and fibrinogen are normal.
What would be the most helpful investigation?
19. In a 12-year-old boy who sustained severe head injury caused by a fall from the
third floor of a building, the syndrome of diabetes insipidus is characterized by
which of the following?
23. A 75-year-old man is found to have prolonged bleeding from intravenous puncture
sites. Platelet aggregation is inhibited by which of the following?
Question 24 and25
(A) PT
(B) PTT
(C) Platelet count
(D) Bleeding time
(E) Free plasma hemoglobin
27. A 60-year-old man with carcinoma of the esophagus is admitted with severe
malnutrition. Nutritional support is to be initiated. What should his daily caloric
intake be?