PERNAPASAN
1. Pertukaran gas antara atmosfer dan darah.
2. Regulasi homeostasis pH tubuh.
3. Proteksi dari patogen & iritan yang terhirup.
4. Membantu proses vokalisasi
5. Ekskresi air dan panas tubuh.
6. Membantu meningkatkan aliran balik vena
(sebagai pompa).
7. Mengeluarkan, memodifikasi, aktivasi/inaktivasi
bahan/materi yang melalui peredaran darah
paru.
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PROSES PERNAPASAN
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SISTEM PERNAPASAN
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THORAKS
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PEREDARAN DARAH
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DALAM PARU
Sirkulasi pulmonal
membawa gas hasil pertukaran antara
darah kapiler dan udara alveol
(ventrikel kanana.pulmonaliskapiler
v.pulmonalventrikel kiri)
Sirkulasi bronkial (bag dr sirkulasi sistemik)
menyediakan nutrien bagi jaringan paru
(aortaa.interkostalis a.bronkialis kapiler
v.bronkialis v.azygosatrium kanan)
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SIRKULASI PULMONAL
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PERSARAFAN PARU
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MEKANIKA PERNAPASAN
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ELASTISITAS
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JARINGAN PARU
Compliance kemudahan jaringan paru untuk
diregangkan (kembang)
Daya elastic recoil kemampuan jaringan paru untuk
kembali ke bentuk semula setelah diregangkan
(kempis); bergantung pada:
1) elastisitas jaringan paru
2) tegangan permukaan alveoldaya kohesi molekul air
Surfaktanfosfolipid yang disekresi oleh sel alveolar tipe
II menurunkan tegangan permukaan alveol
mencegah alveol kolaps
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VOLUME & KAPASITAS PARU
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SIKLUS PERNAPASAN
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PERTUKARAN & TRANSPORT GAS
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TRANSPORT O2
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FAKTOR2 YANG BERPERAN
DALAM KADAR O2 ARTERI
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TRANSPORT CO2
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PUSAT PERNAPASAN
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PUSAT PERNAPASAN
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2) Pons
* Pusat pneumotaksis
mengirim impuls ke n.I-DRG untuk menghentikan
neuron2 inspirasi membatasi lama inspirasi
* Pusat apneustik mencegah neuron2 inspirasi
berhenti
Pd check-&-balance system pusat pneumotaksis lebih
dominan dari pusat apnestik
PERNAPASAN
Pusat pernapasan di batang otak dipengaruhi oleh
rangsang kimia & non-kimia.
1. Rangsang Kimia
Kemoreseptor perifer: glomus karotikum & glomus
aortikum peka terhadap peningkatan PCO2 &
penurunan PO2/pH darah
Kemoreseptor sentral: di bgn ventral med. Oblongata
dekat pusat respirasi peka terhadap peningkatan
kadar ion H (penurunan pH) dalam cairan otak
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PENGATURAN PUSAT
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PERNAPASAN
2. Rangsang non-kimia
a. Korteks serebri: menahan napas/ hiperventilasi
b. Sistem limbik & hipotalamus: rangsang nyeri & emosi
c. Proprioseptor di otot, tendo & sendi: gerakan sendi
d. Baroresptor di sinus karotikus, arkus aorta, & atrium:
TD frek.denyut jantung, ventilasi, vasodilatasi
e. Suhu: suhu ventilasi
f. Hormon epinefrin/ rangsang simpatisventilasi
g. Iritasi mukosa sal pernapasan: refleks bersin, pola
napas berubah
h. Peregangan jaringan paru: refleks Hering-Breuer
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REFLEKS PENGONTROLAN
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VENTILASI
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RESPONS KEMORESEPTOR
TERHADAP PENINGKATAN
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PCO2
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