Charles Angelo P. Sarabosing GE 155.

2 Laboratory Exercise 6
2013-03821 Geoid Height Modelling

Fig 1. Sketch of the location of the points

Note that X is Eastings and Y is Northings

N1 X1 Y1 1
N2 X2 Y2 1
N3 X3 Y3 1 a
N4 X4 Y4 1 b
=
N5 X5 Y5 1 c
N6 X6 Y6 1
N7 X7 Y7 1
N8 X8 Y8 1
Fig 2. Matrix Equation 1

N1 1 Y1 - Y0 X1 - X0
N2 1 Y2 - Y0 X2 - X0
N3 1 Y3 - Y0 X3 - X0 a0
N4 1 Y4 - Y0 X4 - X0 a1
=
N5 1 Y5 - Y0 X5 - X0 a2
N6 1 Y6 - Y0 X6 - X0
N7 1 Y7 - Y0 X7 - X0
 N8 1 Y8 - Y0 X8 - X0
Fig 3. Matrix Equation 2

Y1 -
N1 1 Y1 - Y0 X1 - X0 (X1 - X0)*
Y0
N2 1 Y2 - Y0 X2 - X0 (X2 - X0)* Y2 - Y0
Y -
N3 1 Y3 - Y0 X3 - X0 (X3 - X0)* 3 a0
Y0
Y -
N4 1 Y4 - Y0 X4 - X0 (X4 - X0)* 4 a1
= Y0
N5 1 Y5 - Y0 X5 - X0 (X5 - X0)* Y5 - Y0 a2
Y -
N6 1 Y6 - Y0 X6 - X0 (X6 - X0)* 6 a3
Y0
Y -
N7 1 Y7 - Y0 X7 - X0 (X7 - X0)* 7
Y0
N8 1 Y8 - Y0 X8 - X0 (X8 - X0)* Y8 - Y0
Fig 4. Matrix Equation 3

Y1 -
N1 1 Y1 - Y0 X1 - X0 (Y1 - Y0)2 (X1 - X0)2 (X1 - X0)*
Y0
N2 1 Y2 - Y0 X2 - X0 (Y2 - Y0)2 (X2 - X0)2 (X2 - X0)* Y2 - Y0 a0
Y -
N3 1 Y3 - Y0 X3 - X0 (Y3 - Y0)2 (X3 - X0)2 (X3 - X0)* 3 a1
Y0
Y -
N4 1 Y4 - Y0 X4 - X0 (Y4 - Y0)2 (X4 - X0)2 (X4 - X0)* 4 a2
= Y0
N5 1 Y5 - Y0 X5 - X0 (Y5 - Y0)2 (X5 - X0)2 (X5 - X0)* Y5 - Y0 a3
Y -
N6 1 Y6 - Y0 X6 - X0 (Y6 - Y0)2 (X6 - X0)2 (X6 - X0)* 6 a4
Y0
Y -
N7 1 Y7 - Y0 X7 - X0 (Y7 - Y0)2 (X7 - X0)2 (X7 - X0)* 7 a5
Y0
N8 1 Y8 - Y0 X8 - X0 (Y8 - Y0)2 (X8 - X0)2 (X8 - X0)* Y8 - Y0
Fig 5. Matrix Equation 4

Equation 1 Equation 2 Equation 3 Equation 4

45.7952141
a 0.000548724 a0 a0 45.87399002 a0 46.64240372
2
0.00012172
b 0.000121729 a1 a1 0.000349942 a1 0.00051791
9
- 0.00054872
c a2 a2 0.000539976 a2 0.000636215
429.6413849 4
a3 -5.25933E- a3 -1.03704E-
 07 06
a4 -5.6478E-07
a5 4.19858E-07

Fig 6. Final values of parameters of the plane after two iterations

The final models of equations 1, 2, 3, and 4 are shown respectively below

N = 0.000548724X + 0.000121729Y - 429.6413849

N = 45.79521412 + 0.000121729(Y- Y 0) + 0.000548724(X- X0)

N = 45.87399002 + 0.000349942(Y- Y0) + 0.000539976(X- X0) + (-5.25933E-07)(Y- Y0)(X- X0)

N = 46.64240372 + 0.00051791(Y- Y0) + 0.000636215(X- X0) + (-1.03704E-06)(Y- Y0)2 + (-5.6478E-

07)(X- X0)2 + (4.19858E-07)(Y- Y0)(X- X0)

Orthometric height (H)

Point Equation 1 Equation 2 Equation 3 Equation 4

CP1
62.23992126 62.2399213 61.98015282 61.60836789
(CENTRAL)
CP5 (ARKI) 65.36319904 65.36319909 65.37376218 64.8358114
Fig 7. Final Orthometric Height of CP1 and CP5

itrf_fit2016.66 pgm_wgs84_fit_2 ph_globalgeoid2016.6

Point Lat Long
(1) 016.66 (2) 3 (3)
MMA 39 14.6552 121.0599976 44.868 46.237 43.989
MMA 97 14.6667995 121.0719986 45.009 46.378 44.124
CP2 (MATH) 14.6492996 121.0709991 45.003 46.374 44.121
CP3 (MWSS) 14.6540003 121.0749969 45.049 46.42 44.166
CP4 (KNL) 14.6470003 121.060997 44.884 46.254 44.005
CP6 (TECHNO
14.6553001 121.0530014 44.784 46.152 43.907
HUB)
CP1 (CENTRAL) 14.6608 121.064003 44.915 46.283 44.034
CP5 (ARKI) 14.6513996 121.0650024 44.93 46.299 44.049
Fig 8. Geoid Undulations given by Philippine Geoid app using three grids

Ellipsoida Orthometric Height difference

Orthometric
Point l height
1 2 3 Height (old) 1 2 3
(h)
MMA 39 98.2 53.332 51.963 54.211 52.1315 1.2005 0.1685 2.0795
MMA 97 109.249 64.24 62.871 65.125 63.129 1.111 0.258 1.996
CP2 (MATH) 106.981 61.978 60.607 62.86 61.05316667 0.92483333 0.44616667 1.80683333
CP3 (MWSS) 116.06 71.011 69.64 71.894 69.4665 1.5445 0.1735 2.4275
CP4 (KNL) 102.884 58 56.63 58.879 57.7115 0.2885 1.0815 1.1675
CP6 (TECHNO
91.181 46.397 45.029 47.274 46.2715 0.1255 1.2425 1.0025
HUB)
CP1
108.06 63.145 61.777 64.026
(CENTRAL)
CP5 (ARKI) 111.113 66.183 64.814 67.064
Fig 9. Orthometric Height derived from three grids and difference from given data
Results and Discussion

There are many equations that can be used for deriving the geoid undulation of a certain
point. In this case Equation 4 and Equation 3 is said to be precise with each other, as well as
Equation 1 to Equation 2. Moreover, each equation has its own advantages and disadvantages,
whether accuracy, practicality etc. For the second part of the exercise, Philippine Geoid app
provided by NAMRIA is useful in providing geoid undulations of a specific point. It uses three
grids: ITRF, PGM (based on WGS84), and GlobalGeoid. Each produces a unique set of N and can
be used for specific purposes.