General Statistics

<1> Given a random sample as follows: 2, 1, 3, 0, 1, 3, 7, 0, 3, 3, 5, 2, 0, 4, and 2, find

the mean, median, mode and sample standard deviation. (2.4, 1.96, 2, 3)

<2> John made 82 in chemistry and 89 in history. The mean grade in chemistry was 68
and the standard deviation was 8, whereas the distribution of history grades had a mean
of 80 and a standard deviation of 6. In which class did John score better?(chemistry)

<3> The following scores represent the exam grades for a math course: 50 70 61 91 81 54
62 93 71 71 81 65 56 72 82 96 85 75 68 57 68 75 66 69 76 77 87 77 87 79 . Find the
mean and the standard deviation. Find the z-score of 87. Find the interval of 2 standard
deviation of the mean. (73.4, 11.5, 1.18, (50.4,96.4))

<4> a) How many three-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (
assuming no replacement )? (100). b) How many of these are odd numbers? (48)

<5> From a group of 5 men and 6 women, how many committees of size 3 are
possible: (a) with no restrictions? C(11,3). (b) with 1 man and 2 women?
C(5,1)*C(6,2)

<6> A carton of 12 eggs contains 2 spoiled eggs. In how many ways can a person choose
3 eggs and a) get neither of the spoiled eggs? C(10,3). b) get one spoiled egg?
C(10,2)*C(2,1)

<7> In how many ways can 3 red, 4 blue and 5 yellow balls be arranged in a straight
line? 12!/(3!*4!*5!)

<8> If all the pilots of Lakeville Airlines have been flying an average of 12 years with a
standard deviation of 2.7 years, at least what percentage of pilots will have been flying
between 8 and 16 years? (54%)

<9> MAT scores for 1000 students were found to have a mean and standard deviation of
550 and 100 respectively. By Chebyshev's Theorem, at least how many of the 1000
scores fall between 350 and 750? (75%)

<10> 3 math books, 2 music books and 4 ecology books are to be arranged on a shelf.
None of them are identical. a) How many different permutations are there?( 9!). b)
How many permutations are there if books on the same subject are to be grouped
together? 1728

<11> a) How many ways can 5 people be lined up to get on a bus? (120). b) If a certain
2 persons insist on following each other, how many ways are possible? (48)

<12> How many different permutations are there of the letters in the word STATISTICS
? (50400)
<1> A card is drawn from an ordinary deck and we are told that it is red. What is the
probability that the card is an 8 ? (1/13)

<2> Farmer Fran sends out 10,000 cartons of eggs every day. Two inspectors
independently glance at each carton to see if there are any broken eggs, and each has 0.8
probability of noticing when a carton has cracked eggs. What is the probability that a
carton with broken eggs will be noticed by at least one inspector? (0.96)

<3> One bag contains 6 white balls and 4 black balls, and a second bag contains 5 white
balls and 4 black balls. One ball is drawn at random from the first bag and is placed
unseen in the second bag. a) What is the probability that a ball now drawn from the
second bag is black? (11/25). b) If the ball from the second bag is black, what is the
probability that the ball from the first bag was white? (6/11)

<4> A blood disease is found in 2% of the persons in a certain population. A new blood
test will correctly identify 96% of the persons with the disease and 94% of the persons
without the disease. (a) What is the probability that a person who is called positive by
the blood test actually has the disease? (0.246). (b) What is the probability that a person
who is called negative by the blood test actually does not have the disease? (0.999)

<5> A pair of dice is thrown. If it is known that one die shows a 4, what is the probability
that a) the other die shows a 5? (2/11) b) the total of both is greater than 7? (5/11)

<6> A town has 2 fire engines operating independently. The probability that a specific
fire engine is available when needed is 0.92. a) What is the probability that at least one
is available when needed? b) What is the probability that both are available when
needed? (0.9936; 0.8464)

<7> A shipment of 7 TV sets contains 2 defective sets. A motel makes a random

purchase of 3 sets. If X is the number of defective sets purchased by the motel, find the
probability distribution of X and the mean of X.(10/35, 20/35, 5/35; 6/7)

<8> In a gambling game a man is paid $10 if he gets all heads or all tails when 3 coins
are tossed, and he pays out $2 if either 1 or 2 heads show. What is his expected gain?
What should he pay if either 1 or 2 heads show in order to have a fair game?(3.33)

<9> Let X represent the number that occurs when a fair die is tossed. a) Find the mean of
X. (3.5) b) Find the variance of X. (2.917)

<10> On a quiz consisting of five true-false questions, an unprepared student guesses

each answer. Find the probability that he gets at least one correct.(31/32)

<11> A box contains 12 transistors, 3 of which are defective. If 3 are sold at random, find
the following probabilities. a) None are defective.(21/55). b) exactly 2 are
defective.(27/220)
<12> From a box containing 3 white balls and 7 black balls, 8 balls are drawn in
succession with replacement. Find the probability distribution for the number of white
balls. Find the mean.( (0.7+0.3)^8; 2.4)

<13> The probability that a patient recovers from a heart operation is 0.8. What is the
probability that 12 or 13 of the next 15 patients having this operation survive? How many
of the 15 patients do you expect to survive? (0.481; 12)

<14> A multiple-choice test has 10 questions, each with 5 possible answers of which
only one is the correct answer. What is the probability that sheer guesswork yields from 2
to 5 correct answers? What is the average number of correct answers? (0.617)

<15> A packing company is inspecting a shipment of grapefruit by cutting open

15grapefruit selected at random. The company will accept all grapefruit if 14 or all of
these 15 grapefruit are of satisfactory quality. If 95% grapefruit of the shipment are of
satisfactory quality, what is the probability that the shipment will be accepted? (0.829)

<16> A box contains 10 $1 bills, 5 $2 bills, 3 $5 bills, 1 $10 bill, and 1 $100. A person is
charged $20 to select one bill at random. Find the expectation. Is the game fair? (-12.75)

<17> Two cards are drawn in succession from a deck without replacement. What is the
probability that both cards are greater than 2 and less than 9? (46/221)

<18> The probability that a student passes history is 0.7, and the probability that he
passes chemistry is 0.8 . If the probability of passing at least one course is 0.9, what is the
probability that he will pass both courses? (0.6)

<19> A coin is tossed 3 times in succession. What is the probability that one head
occurs? (3/8)

<20> In a poker hand consisting of 5 cards, find the probability of holding

2 clubs and 3 diamonds {[C(13,2)*C(13,3)]/C(52,5)}

<1> The average cholesterol content of a certain brand of eggs is 210 (mg), and the
standard deviation is 15 (mg). a) If a single egg is selected, find the probability that the
cholesterol content will be more than 215 mg.(0.3707). b) If a sample of 25 eggs is
selected, find the probability that the mean of the sample will be larger than 215
mg.(0.0475).

<2> A fair coin is tossed 500 times. Use the normal-curve approximation to find the
probability of getting from 240 to 260 heads?(0.6528).
<3> A multiple-choice test has 60 questions, each with 5 possible answers of which only
one is the correct answer. What is the probability that sheer guesswork yields from 10 to
14 correct answers?(0.582)

<4> From a box containing 3 white balls and 7 black balls, 30 balls are drawn with
replacement. Find the probability of getting 9 and 10 white balls.(0.305)

<5> Given the normally distributed variable X with mean 40 and standard deviation 5,
find a) P( 35 <>k ) = 0.2912 (0.5670; k=42.75)

<6> The IQs of 1000 applicants to a college are approximately normally distributed with
mean of 120 and a standard deviation of 15. If the college requires an IQ of at least 95,
how many of these students will be rejected? (about 45)

<7>If a certain machine makes eletrical resistors having a mean resistance of 40 ohms
and a standard deviation of 3 ohms, what is the probability that a random sample of 36 of
these resistors will have a mean resistance between 38 and 40.2 ohms? What is the
probability that a random sample of 36 of these resistors will have a combined resistance
of more than 1458 ohms? (0.6554; 0.1587)

<8> In a mathematics exam the average grade was 80 and the standard deviation was 6.
All students with grades from 87 to 93 received a grade of B. If the grades are
approximately normally distributed and 200 students took the exam, how many students
received a B grade?(about 26)

<9> A normal distribution has mean=72 and unknown standard deviation. However, it is
known that 30% of the area lies to the right of 80. Find the standard deviation. (15.4)

<10> State tax officials claim that the average amount of money claimed by all the
taxpayers for charittable deductions during 1994 was $964 with a standard deviation of
$102. Many samples of size 64 are taken. Find the mean of these samples and the
standard error of the mean.(964;12.75)

<11>The average purchase by a customer in a book store is $4 with a standard deviation

of $0.85. If 49 customers are selected at random, what is the prob that their average
purchase will be less than $3.70? (0.0068)

<12>Verify that f(x)=x/8 can serve as the probability density of a continuous random
variable that can take on any value from 0 to 4. Find P(0<X2) (0.25; 0.75)

<13>The average amount of snow per season in Trafford is 44 inches. The standard
deviation is 6 inches. Find the probability that next year Trafford will receive the
following amount of snowfall. a) at most 50 inches of snow.(0.8413). b) between 38
and 42 inches of snow.(0.212)
<14> A manufacturer of ten-speed bicycles advertises that the time required to assemble
its F4 model bike is normally distributed with a mean of 60 minutes. Furthermore, only
20% of the people will need more than 70 minutes to assemble the bike. Find the
standard deviation.(11.9)

<15>On a recent physical endurance test, the score was found to be normally distributed
with a mean of 112 and a standard deviation of 8. The judges have decided to award a
trophy to the top 10% of the contestants. What is the minimum score that a contestant
must obtain in order to receive a trophy?(122.24)

<16> The average height of all students in a college is known to be 65 inches with a
standard deviation of 2.3 inches. If a sample of 36 students is selected at random, what is
the probability that the average height of these 36 students will be between 64.8 and 65.5
inches?(0.6017)

<1> The heights of a random sample of 60 students showed a mean of 175 cm and a
standard deviation of 7 cm. construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean height of all
students.(173.23,176.77).

<2> Some one claimed that the mean height of all students is 178 cm. With the result
from Problem <1>, do you accept or reject the claim?(reject).

<3> A cigarette manufacturer claims that his cigarettes have an average nicotine content
of 1.83 milligrams. If a random sample of 8 cigarettes of this type shows a sample mean
of 1.95 with sample deviation 0.22 milligrams, find 95% confidence interval for the
population mean. Do you agree with the claim? (1.766,2.134)(yes).

<4> The mean and standard deviation for the GPA of a random sample of 100 students
are 2.9 and 0.5 respectively. Find the 95% confidence interval for the average GPA of all
students in the school.(2.802, 2.998).

<5> The contents of 7 similar containers of a commercial soap are 10.2, 9.8, 10.4, 9.8,
10.0, 10.2, and 9.6 liters. Find 95% confidence interval for the mean content of all such
containers.(9.74,10.26).

<6> A sample of 10 cracker boxes gives a mean of 15.99 (ounces) and sample standard
deviation 0.1. Use t distribution to find a 95% confidence interval for the population
mean.(15.92,16.06).

<7> A survey of 90 families showed that 40 owned a gun. Find the 99% confidence
interval of the true proportion of families who own a gun.(0.31,0.58)

<8> An insurance company is trying to estimate the average number of sick days that
full-time food service workers use per year. A pilot study found the standard deviation to
be 2.5 days. How large of a sample must be selected if the company wants to be 95%
confident of getting an interval that contains the true mean with a max error of 1 day?
(25).

<9> Let p be the real probability of getting head when tossing a given coin. We tossed
500 times and found 260 heads. Find the 95% confidence interval for p. How many times
should we toss the coin in order to be 95% confident that our estimate of p is within 0.02?
(0.476,0.564)(2401).

<10> A merchant claims that the average age of customers who purchase a certain brand
of jeans is 15. A sample of 35 customers had an average age of 15.6 years with standard
deviation of 1 year. At type I error 0.05, test the claim. (reject the null hypothesis).

<11>The average SAT score in Math is 500, with a standard deviation of 100. A special
preparation course claims that it can increase scores. A sample of 100 students completed
the course, and the average of their scores was 520. At type I error 0.05, test the claim.
(reject the null hypothesis).

<12> In a random sample of 1000 homes in a city, it is found that 620 are heated by
natural gas. Find a 95% confidence interval for the fraction of homes in this city that are
heated by natural gas.(0.59,0.65).

<13> A travel agency claims that it books an average of at least 45 people per trip to
Washington D.C. A sample of 15 trips showed a mean of 41 people booked and a
standard deviation of 5. At type I error 0.05, test the claim. (reject the null hypothesis).

<14> The weights of 9 women who followed a new diet were recorded before and after a
4-week period ( kilogram ): Woman 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. Weight before 71 72 60 72 65 60
52 75 68. Weight after 68 73 56 69 60 57 48 67 62. Find the 95% confidence interval
for the mean difference in the weight, assuming a normal distribution for the weights. If
the company claims that the new diet will reduce a person's weight by 8 kilograms on the
average in a 4-week period, do you agree? (1.99,5.79)(disagree).

Good Luck
Ali Saleh Yousef