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R. K. MALIKS JEE (MAIN & ADV.

), MEDICAL
NEWTON CLASSES + BOARD, NDA, FOUNDATION

Chapter 9

Mineral Nutrition

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HI S S
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Solutions

LI SECTION - A

A
Objective Type Questions
1. Hydroponics refers to growing plants in
ON A
(1) Macronutrients culture medium (2) Water
C
(3) Solution of mineral nutrients (4) Soil
M
Sol. Answer (3)
Hydroponics is the technique of growing plants with their roots immersed in nutrient solution.

2. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. criteria of essentiality of minerals.


.

(1) Element must be necessary for normal growth and reproduction


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(2) Element must be replaceable by another element


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(3) Disorders caused by the absence/deficiency of an element can be corrected only by adding that specific
WT

element
(4) Element must be directly involved in plant metabolism
R.

Sol. Answer (2)


Criteria of essentiality say that element must not be replacable by any another element and it must be
indespensable and should have a demonstratable function.

3. How many elements have been found to be essential for plants?


(1) 18 (2) 60 (3) 17 (4) 9
Sol. Answer (3)
Out of 60 elements found in protoplasm of plant, 17 are essential elements and 4 are beneficial, rest without
any reason or having very little function in some plants.

4. The concentration of elements such as carbon and nitrogen in plants is


(1) Above 10 millimole kg1 of dry matter (2) Less than 10 millimole kg1 of dry matter
(3) Equal to 10 millimole kg1 of dry matter (4) Between 110 millimole kg1 of dry matter
Sol. Answer (1)
Carbon and nitrogen are essential macronutrients, they are present in concentration, more than 10 m mole/
kg of dry matter, i.e., why macronutrients.

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2 Mineral Nutrition Solution of Assignment

5. Which of the following is not essential for all plants?


(1) Mg (2) Co (3) Mo (4) Ni
Sol. Answer (2)
Co is the beneficial element.

6. A macronutrient is
(1) Manganese (2) Zinc (3) Iron (4) Magnesium

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Sol. Answer (4)

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Magnesium come under 17 essential elements in which 9 are macronutrients, and Mg is one of

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macronutrients.

7. Select the odd one out from the following w.r.t. macronutrient.
(1) Nitrogen (2) Phosphorus (3) Iron (4) Sulphur

LI
Sol. Answer (3)

A
Iron is a micronutrient.
ON A
8. Which of the following is a micronutrient?
(1) Ca
C (2) Mg (3) K (4) Ni
M
Sol. Answer (4)
Nickel comes under 8 micronutrients, rest are macronutrients.

9. Which of the following is not a beneficial element?


.

(1) Na (2) Co (3) K (4) Si


NE K

Sol. Answer (3)


RA

"Rest are beneficial elements". K is essential macronutrient.


WT

10. Select incorrect statement w.r.t. micronutrients.


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(1) Become toxic in excess


(2) Involved in activation of enzymes
(3) Involved in building of protoplasmic constituents
(4) Concentration is less than 10 millimole kg1 of dry matter
Sol. Answer (3)
N, P and S are protoplasmic elements as they form protoplasm along with C, H and O.

11. Major function of trace elements is to act as


(1) Constituent of hormones (2) Constituent of amino acids
(3) Constituent of chlorophyll (4) Cofactor of enzymes
Sol. Answer (4)
Trace elements are micronutrients included in functioning of enzymes.
N is constituent of amino acid and hormones.
Mg is constituent of chlorophyll.

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 3
12. Select the incorrect match.
(1) Mn Photolysis of water
(2) Ca Synthesis of middle lamella
(3) P Component of ATP
(4) Zn Constituent of coenzyme A
Sol. Answer (4)

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Zn activates alcohol dehydrogenase

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Zn2+ Carboxylases

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Sulphur is a constituent of coenzyme A.

13. Element present in middle lamella is


(1) Zn (2) Cu (3) Ca (4) K

LI
Sol. Answer (3)

A
Ca and Mg form middle lamella.

Calcium Magnesium
ON A
pectate pectate
C
M
14. An element which helps in joining the subunits of ribosomes is
(1) Ca (2) Mg (3) K (4) S
Sol. Answer (2)
.

Magnesium concentration decides wheather two subunits of ribosomes will remain associated or separate.

2+
50 S Mg 50 S
NE K

RA

30 S 30 S
WT

15. Plants which are deficient in zinc will show reduction in the biosynthesis of
R.

(1) Ethylene (2) Coenzyme A (3) Ferredoxin (4) Auxin


Sol. Answer (4)
Zn is used for auxin and tryptophan synthesis.
Fe for ferredoxin.

16. Which of the following groups of elements are mobile?


(1) N, P, K (2) Ca, Mg, S (3) Ca, S, Fe (4) Ca, N, P
Sol. Answer (1)
N, P & K are mobile elements i.e., they can be translocated to younger tissues.
17. The anion-cation balance in plant cells is due to essential element like
(1) Potassium (2) Calcium (3) Sodium (4) Iron
Sol. Answer (1)

Nitrate, Cl , K + , Sulphate maintain the osmotic balance.

K+ maintains turgidity of guard cells.

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18. Which enzyme is activated by zinc?


(1) Nitrate reductase (2) Nitrogenase
(3) Alcohol dehydrogenase (4) Catalase
Sol. Answer (3)
Zn activates alcohol dehydrogenase. It is present in liver.
Hence, called LADH Alcohol dehydrogenase

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Stabilize binding is a dehydrogenase enzyme, facilitate interconversion between
+
of substrates alcohols or ketones with reduction of NAD to NADH

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NC L K
19. A macronutrient which is component of all organic compounds but is not a mineral element is
(1) Fe (2) P (3) Mg (4) C
Sol. Answer (4)

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C, H & O are considered as non-mineral elements because they are obtained from CO2 and H2O.

A
20. Component of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase is
(1) Mo (2) Mn (3) Co (4) N
ON A
Sol. Answer (1)
Nitrogenase is made up of two subunits.
C
M

Mo-Fe Fe
Bigger Smaller
.

21. An immobile element present in plant tissues is


(1) N (2) P (3) Ca (4) K
NE K

Sol. Answer (3)


RA
WT

Its deficiency first appear in younger leaves because it cannot be mobilised to younger leaves from older leaves.

22. The essential element that activates enzymes rubisco and pepco, also
R.

(1) Needed in the activity of pyruvic acid decarboxylase


(2) Helps in carbohydrate translocation
(3) Essential for water splitting reactions
(4) Forms constituents of phytol tail of chlorophyll
Sol. Answer (1)
(1) It is required in activity of pyruvic acid decarboxylase Mg2+ ions are present in active site. This pyruvate
decarboxylase is used for catalyses decarboxylation of pyruvic acid to an acetaldehyde and CO2.
(2) Mn2+ is essential for water splitting reaction.
(3) Boron helps in carbohydrate translocation.

23. All are the elements whose deficiency symptoms first appear in the older tissues, except
(1) Nitrogen (2) Calcium (3) Potassium (4) Magnesium
Sol. Answer (2)
Immobile element deficiency first in young tissues.
N, K & Mg are mobile elements deficiency first appears in older tissues.

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 5
24. Amino acids like methionine and cysteine contain
(1) Zn (2) S (3) B (4) Cl
Sol. Answer (2)
Methionine and cysteine are the only two amino acids which contain sulphur.

25. Which of the following is not a physiological role of potassium?


(1) Maintain anion-cation balance in cells (2) Maintain turgidity of cells

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(3) Help in opening and closing of stomata (4) Synthesize auxins

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Sol. Answer (4)

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Zn is used for auxin synthesis. Other three works done by potassium.

26. An element involved in metabolism of urea is


(1) Na (2) Si (3) Ni (4) Zn

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Sol. Answer (3)

A
Nickle is the component of enzyme urease.

27. Deficiency symptoms of an element tend to appear first in young leaves. It indicates that element is relatively
ON A
immobile. Which one of the following elemental deficiencies would show such symptoms?
C
(1) S (2) Mg (3) N (4) K
M
Sol. Answer (1)
Mg, N & K are immobile.

28. Plants absorb zinc as


.

(1) Zn (2) ZnSO4 (3) Zn2+ (4) Zn(NO3)2


NE K

Sol. Answer (3)


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WT

Absorption of zinc occurs in the form of Zn2+ ions.

29. Mineral present in cytochrome is commonly


R.

(1) Fe (2) Mn (3) Mo (4) Mg


Sol. Answer (1)
Constituent of ferrodoxin and cytochromes.

30. An element essential for nitrogen metabolism is


(1) K (2) Mo (3) Mg (4) Mn
Sol. Answer (2)
Mo-Fe and Fe are two subunits of nitrogenase enzyme used for nitrogen fixation.

31. Boron takes part in


(1) Photosynthesis (2) Activation of enzymes involved in respiration
(3) Transport of carbohydrates through phloem (4) Nitrogen metabolism
Sol. Answer (3)
Potassium is for photosynthesis and activation of enzymes involved in respiration.
Mo for nitrogen metabolism.

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6 Mineral Nutrition Solution of Assignment

32. Mark the correct sequence of steps for the development of root nodules in legumes
a. Formation of infection thread.
b. Division of cortical and pericyclic cells.
c. Curling of root hairs.
d. Leghaemoglobin synthesis.
(1) a, c, b, d (2) b, d, a, c (3) c, b, a, d (4) c, a, b, d

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Sol. Answer (4)

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First curling of root hairs

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Formation of infectious thread

Division of cortical and pericycle cells

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A
Leghaemoglobin synthesis for acting as oxygen scavanger
ON A
33. Which group of micronutrients is required for mitochondrial and photosynthetic electron transport?
(1) Ca, K, Na
C (2) Cu, Fe (3) Co, Ni (4) N, P, K
M
Sol. Answer (2)
Cu used in complex IV Cu+ to Cu2+

34. Match the following and choose the correct combination from the options given.
.

Column I Column II
a. Potassium (i) Germination of pollen grains
NE K

b. Molybdenum (ii) Involved in synthesis of auxin


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WT

c. Boron (iii) Involved in stomatal movement


d. Zinc (iv) Constituent of ferredoxin
R.

e. Sulphur (v) Component of nitrate reductase


(1) a(iii), b(iv), c(ii), d(i), e(v) (2) a(iii), b(v), c(i), d(ii), e(iv)
(3) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv), e(v) (4) a(ii), b(iii), c(v), d(i), e(iv)
Sol. Answer (2)
Potassium helps in the opening and closing of stomata, Molybdenum in nitrogen fixation, Boron in germination
of pollen grains.

35. Death of leaf tissues in plants is caused by deficiency of


(1) Ca and Mg (2) Zn and S (3) Mo and S (4) Mo and C
Sol. Answer (1)
It is caused by Ca, Mg, Cu & K, known as necrosis.

36. Deficiency of which group of elements can cause inhibition of cell division in plants?
(1) N, K, S (2) Mg, Cu, P (3) Ca, Mg, Cu (4) N, K, Ca
Sol. Answer (1)
N, K & S causing stunted growth due to inhibition of cell division.

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 7
37. A prokaryote responsible for converting ammonia to nitrites is
(1) Nitrosomonas (2) Nitrobacter (3) Nitrocystis (4) Rhizobium
Sol. Answer (1)
Nitrosomonas
2NO2 2H 2H2O Energy
2NH3 3O2

38. Conversion of NH3 NO2 NO3 is called

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(1) Ammonification (2) Nitrification (3) Denitrification (4) Biological N2-fixation

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Sol. Answer (2)

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Conversion of ammonia into nitrate is called nitrification.

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39. The free living, aerobic and saprotrophic N2-fixing microbe is
(1) Azotobacter (2) Rhodospirillum (3) Rhizobium (4) Anabaena
Sol. Answer (1)

LI
Azotobacter is a free living saprotrophic, aerobic bacteria.

A
40. Reaction carried out by N2 metabolising microbes include
I. 2NH3 + 3O2 2NO2 + 2H+ + 2H2O
ON A
II. 2NO2 + O2 2NO3
C
Which of the following statements about these equations is not true?
M
(1) Step I is carried out by Nitrosomonas or Nitrococcus
(2) Step II is carried out by Nitrobacter
(3) Both steps I and II can be called nitrification
(4) Bacteria carrying out these steps are usually photoautotrophs
.

Sol. Answer (4)


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Bacteria carrying out these steps may not be photoautotrophic.


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WT

41. How many ATP are required for the formation of one molecule of NH3 by the nitrogenase enzyme?
(1) Six (2) Eight (3) Twelve (4) Sixteen
Sol. Answer (2)
R.

N2 8e 8H 16ATP 2NH3 H2 16ADP 16Pi

16 2NH3
8 1NH3

42. Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing prokaryote is


(1) Frankia (2) Azotobacter (3) Acetobacter (4) Rhizobium
Sol. Answer (2)
Azotobacter is a free living, aerobic, saprophytic bacteria.

43. Amides are transported to the other parts of plant through


(1) Phloem (2) Xylem
(3) Parenchyma (4) Cyclosis and active transport
Sol. Answer (2)
The symbiotic Nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes release ammonia that, to avoid toxicity, must be rapidly converted
into organic forms in the root nodules before being transported to shoot via xylem e.g., amides, ureids.

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44. Enzyme nitrogenase is


(1) A Cu-Fe protein (2) Found in prokaryotes only
(3) An O2 requiring enzyme (4) Essential to convert NO2 to NO3
Sol. Answer (2)
Nitrogenase is found only in prokaryotes not in eukaryotes.

45. Function of leghaemoglobin during N2-fixation is

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(1) To convert N2 to NH3 (2) To convert NH3 to N2
(3) To supply O2 for nitrogenase activity (4) To protect nitrogenase from oxygen

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Sol. Answer (4)
LHb is used to protect nitrogenase from oxygen. Oxygen is a strong electron acceptor therefore, harmful for
nitrogenase.

LI
46. The given equation refers to

A
N2 + 8e + 8H+ + 16ATP
2NH3 + H2 + 16ADP + 16Pi
(1) Ammonification (2) Nitrification (3) Denitrification (4) Nitrogen fixation
ON A
Sol. Answer (4)
C
M
Conversion of nitrogen into ammonia is known as nitrogen fixation.

47. Pigment leghaemoglobin is present in the roots of


(1) Maize (2) Rice (3) Alfalfa (4) Potato
.

Sol. Answer (3)


Alfalfa in its roots contains pigment leghaemoglobin.
NE K

RA

48. Select the incorrect statement with respect to the biological nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium
WT

(1) Nitrogenase may require oxygen for its functioning


(2) Nitrogenase is Mo-Fe protein
R.

(3) Leg-haemoglobin is a pink-coloured pigment


(4) Nitrogenase helps to convert N2 gas into two molecules of ammonia
Sol. Answer (1)
Nitrogenase works in anaerobic condition.

49. The function of amides is all, except


(1) Part of functional proteins (2) Structural part of plant proteins
(3) Storage of excess nitrogen (4) Transport of nitrogen
Sol. Answer (1)
It is not the part of functional proteins.

50. Which of the following is an amide involved in nitrogen metabolism by plants?


(1) Glutamate (2) Cysteine (3) Serine (4) Asparagine
Sol. Answer (4)
Aspargine and glutamine is an amide involved in nitrogen metabolism by plants.

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 9

SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions

1. Growing plants in a nutrient solution


(1) Involves use of chelating agent Na-EDTA to keep iron unavailable to plants
(2) Was first demonstrated by Arnon and Hoagland
(3) Also allows growth of algae in containers

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(4) Requires prevention of reaction of light with roots

SE
Sol. Answer (4)

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Because in hydroponic we just wanted roots to be immersed in nutrient solution and want to grow them using
it.

2. Which is not a criteria for essentiality of a mineral?

LI
(1) Direct role in metabolism
(3) Deficiency causes hunger signs
(2) Requirement is specific
(4) Dispensible for growth

A
Sol. Answer (4)
It is indispensible for growth.
ON A
3. Which is not a true statement regarding macronutrients?
C
M
(1) Forms plant structure (2) Usually become toxic in excess
(3) No role in electron transfer (4) Develop osmotic potential
Sol. Answer (2)
No, they are not toxic in excess, micronutrients are toxic in excess.
.

4. Choose correct statement regarding micronutrients


NE K

(1) Become toxic in excess (2) Little role in protoplasmic structure


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(3) No role in enzyme activation (4) Both (1) & (2)


WT

Sol. Answer (4)


Micronutrients become toxic in excess and they have little role in protoplasmic structure. Therefore, both
R.

(1) and (2).

5. Deficiency of which element causes deficiency of nitrogen


(1) Mo (2) K (3) Mn (4) S
Sol. Answer (1)
Deficiency of Mo causes deficiency of nitrogen if nitrate is 1 source of nitrogen and if plant depends on
symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

6. Minerals associated with redox reactions are


(1) N, Cu (2) Fe, Cu (3) Fe, K (4) Mn, Mo
Sol. Answer (2)
Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni & Mo are minerals associated with redox reactions.

7. Minerals which maintain cation - anion balance in cells are


(1) Cl, K (2) Fe, Cu (3) K, P (4) Ca, Fe
Sol. Answer (1)
K & Cl are maintain cation-anion balance.

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8. Which of the following groups of elements are mobile?


(1) Fe, Ca, B (2) Cl, K (3) B, K, N (4) Ca, Mg, P
Sol. Answer (2)
N, P, K & Mg are mobile elements.
Deficiency symptoms are first seen in mature part of the plant.

9. Which of the following elements are required for chlorophyll synthesis?

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(1) Fe and Mg (2) Mo and Ca (3) Cu and Ca (4) Ca and K
Sol. Answer (1)

SE
NC L K
Fe and Mg
Mg present in ring of chlorophyll

10. If chloroplast is burnt, then which of the following is left?

LI
(1) Magnesium (2) Manganese (3) Iron (4) Sulphur

A
Sol. Answer (1)
Magnesium is chleated in pyrrole ring.
ON A
11. Which is not a trace element?
C
(1) Mn (2) Cu (3) Mo (4) K
M
Sol. Answer (4)
Potassium is a macronutrient.

12. Find odd one (w.r.t. critical element)


.

(1) Nitrogen (2) Potassium (3) Nickel (4) Phosphorus


NE K

Sol. Answer (3)


RA
WT

The elements mostly deficient in soil is called as critical elements like N, P & K.

13. Silicon, Cobalt, Sodium and Selenium are


R.

(1) Essential minerals (2) Required by higher plants


(3) Macronutrients (4) Trace elements
Sol. Answer (2)
Si, Co, Se & Na all beneficial elements.
They are required by higher plants.

14. Tryptophan synthesis, carboxylase activity and little leaf of plants are all associated with
(1) Zn (2) B (3) Ca (4) Cu
Sol. Answer (1)
These all are associated with Zn i.e., Tryptophan synthesis carboxylase activity and little leaf of plants.

15. Mineral which is part of CoA, Fd, thiamine and lipoic acid is :
(1) Mn (2) Fe (3) S (4) Ca
Sol. Answer (3)
It is used in synthesis of some vitamins, CoA and ferrodoxin and lipoic acid.

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 11
16. Hunger signs in plants are
(1) Symptoms due to lesser water absorption in plants
(2) Symptoms due to poor photosynthesis in plants
(3) Deficiency symptoms of mineral nutrients
(4) Symptoms due to excess water absorption in plants
Sol. Answer (3)

S
It occurs due to deficiency symptoms of mineral nutrients.

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SE
17. (a) Moderate decrease or increase of micronutrients causes deficiency and toxicity symptoms respectively.

NC L K
(b) Excess of manganese causes toxicity of iron, calcium and molybdenum.
(c) A macronutrient is said to be toxic when present below a critical concentration.
(1) Only (a) is correct (2) Only (b) is correct

LI
(3) (b) & (c) are correct (4) (a) & (c) are correct

A
Sol. Answer (1)

18. Movement of electrolytes through the roots is generally


ON A
(1) Against electro chemical gradient and require energy
C
(2) Along electro chemical gradient and does not require energy
M
(3) A passive process
(4) Dependent on aquaporins
Sol. Answer (1)
.

Movement of electrolytes through roots is generally against electro-chemical gradient and require energy.
Because, it is an active process.
NE K

RA

19. Initial phase of ion uptake


WT

(1) Is passive and apoplastic (2) Occurs through symplast


(3) Is active process (4) More than one option is correct
R.

Sol. Answer (1)


Initial phase of ion uptake is a passive process and it is apoplastic, occurring through cell wall and intercel-
lular spaces.

20. The translocation of solute is


(1) Equal to the rate of translocation of water (2) Dependent on transpiration pull
(3) Through xylem vessel (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Translocation of solute i.e., minerals is by xylem through xylem vessels through transpiration pull.

21. The process of conversion of 2NO3 2NO2 2NO N2O N2 is called ________ and is done by
(1) Nitrification, Nitrosomonas (2) Denitrification, Pseudomonas
(3) Nitrate assimilation, Nitrogenase (4) Ammonification, Bacillus
Sol. Answer (2)

2NO3
N2 is denitrification and it is caused by Pseudomonas denitrification.

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12 Mineral Nutrition Solution of Assignment

22. Process of nitrification and nitrate assimilation are


(1) Oxidation & reduction respectively (2) Reduction & oxidation respectively
(3) Both are oxidation (4) Both are reduction
Sol. Answer (1)
Oxidation and Reduction respectively.
NH3 NH2 NH3
3 5 7

S
Oxidation

HI S S
Reduction

SE
23. Conversion of NO3 NO2 NH3 is called ______ and is catalysed by ______.

NC L K
(1) Nitrate assimilation, nitrate and nitrite reductase (2) Nitrification, nitrate and nitrite reductase
(3) Ammonification, glutamate dehydrogenase (4) Denitrification, transaminase
Sol. Answer (1)
NO3

LI
Nitrate reductase
NO2
Nitrogen

A
Nitrite reductase assimilation
NO2 NH3
ON A
24. Most common form of nitrogen uptake and usable forms for plants are respectively
(1) NO3; NO2 (2) NH3 ; NO3 (3) NO3; NH3 (4) NH3 ; NO2
C
M
Sol. Answer (3)

NO3 is form in which nitrogen is mainly absorbed. NH3 is usable form for plants.

25. Which of the following is/are diazotrophs?


.

(1) Rhizobium and Azotobacter (2) Frankia and Klebsiella


(3) Anabaena and Nostoc (4) All of these
NE K

Sol. Answer (4)


RA
WT

Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Franka, Klebsiella, Anabaena and Nostoc, these all are diazotrophs i.e., organisms
that fix atmospheric nitrogen into usable form.
R.

26. Which is not true for nitrogenase enzyme in root nodules in legumes?
(1) Synthesized by nif genes of Rhizobium (2) Site of reduction of N2 into NH3
(3) It is a Mo-F protein (4) Resistant to O2 conc.
Sol. Answer (4)
It is not resistant to oxygen concentration.
Oxygen concentration is toxic to Nitrogenase enzyme.

27. Leghemoglobin is found in which one of the following organisms?


(1) Anthoceros (2) Aulosira (3) Nostoc (4) Groundnut
Sol. Answer (4)
Leghemoglobin is found in groundnut.

28. How many electron and protons are required to fix a dinitrogen?
(1) 32 each (2) 8 each (3) 16 each (4) 4 each
Sol. Answer (2)
8e each.
N2 + 8e + 8H+ + 16 ATP 2NH3 + H2 + 16ADP + 16 Pi

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 13
29. Cycas and Azolla plants are associated with
(1) Bacillus (2) Klebsiella (3) Anabaena (4) Rhizobium
Sol. Answer (3)
Cycas and Azolla plants are associated with Anabaena.

30. Select the correct statements from the given


(a) Nitrogenase is a heterodimeric protein.

S
HI S S
(b) Root hairs curl by action of nitrogenase and plant nod factors.

SE
(c) During symbiotic N2 fixation ATP is provided by legume plant

NC L K
(1) (b), (c) (2) (a), (c) (3) only (c) (4) (a), (b)
Sol. Answer (2)
Nitrogenase is a heterodimeric dimer and during symbiotic nitrogen fixation ATP are provided by legume plant.

LI
But root hair curling is not caused by nitrogenase.

A
31. Nitrogenase enzyme found in root nodules in legumes contains
(1) Mo, Mn, S (2) Co, Mo, Ca (3) Mo, Fe, S (4) Mo, B, S
ON A
Sol. Answer (3)
C
Mo, Fe, S (Present as cofactor)
M

32. The amino acid which plays a central role in nitrogen metabolism is/are
(1) Glutamic acid (2) -ketoglutaric acid
.

(3) Aspartic acid (4) Double aminated keto acids


Sol. Answer (1)
NE K

RA

It is the primary amino acid through which other amino acids are formed through transamination
WT

33. Transported and storage form of nitrogen in plants are


(1) Amides (2) Polypeptides (3) Amino acids (4) -ketoglutaric acids
R.

Sol. Answer (1)


Amides and ureids are transported through xylem.

34. Ureides are preferred forms for storage and transport of amines in
(1) Triticum aestivum (2) Solanum nigrum (3) Glycine max (4) Allium cepa
Sol. Answer (3)
Glycine i.e., Soyabean
Others are Kidney pea, Peanut, Souther pea.

35. Essential elements are :


(1) Only micronutrients (2) Only macronutrients
(3) C, H, O & N only (4) Both macro and micronutrients
Sol. Answer (4)
Both macro and micronutrients.

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14 Mineral Nutrition Solution of Assignment

SECTION - C

Previous Years Questions

1. During biological nitrogen fixation, inactivation of nitrogenase by oxygen poisoning is prevented by :


[Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Cytochrome (2) Leghaemoglobin (3) Xanthophyll (4) Carotene

S
Sol. Answer (2)

HI S S
SE
2. Minerals known to be required in large amounts for plant growth include [AIPMT-2015]

NC L K
(1) Magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc (2) Phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium
(3) Calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper (4) Potassium, phosphorus, selenium, boron
Sol. Answer (2)

LI
Macronutrients are required in large amounts for plant growth.

A
3. Deficiency symptoms of nitrogen and potassium are visible first in [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Senescent leaves (2) Young leaves (3) Roos (4) Buds
ON A
Sol. Answer (1)
C
Nitrogen and potassium are mobite elements.
M
4. The first stable product of fixation of atomspheric nitrogen in leguminous plants is: [NEET-2013]
(1) Ammonia (2) NO3 (3) Glutamate (4) NO2
.

Sol. Answer (1)


Ammonia is the first stable product of nitrogen-fixation.
NE K

RA

5. Which one of the following is wrong statement? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]


WT

(1) Phosphorus is a constituent of cell membranes, certain nucleic acids and all proteins
(2) Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are chemoautotrophs
R.

(3) Anabaena and Nostoc are capable of fixing nitrogen in free-living state also
(4) Root nodule forming nitrogen fixeres live as aeroebes under free-living conditions
Sol. Answer (1)
Phosphorus is not constituent of all proteins.

6. Which one of the following is correctly matched ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]


(1) Potassium Readily mobilization (2) Bakane of rice seedings F.Skoog
(3) Passive transport of nutrients ATP (4) Apoplast Plasmodesmata
Sol. Answer (1)

7. For its action, nitrogenase requires [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]


(1) High input of energy (2) Light (3) Mn2+ (4) Super oxygen radicals
Sol. Answer (1)
Nitrogenase is an enzyme which catalyses nitrogen-fixation reaction have sites, that facilitate high energy free
electrons.

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 15
8. Best defined function of Manganese in green plants is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Nitrogen fixation (2) Water absorption (3) Photolysis of water (4) Calvin cycle
Sol. Answer (3)
Mn is used in photolysis of water.

9. Nitrifying bacteria [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]


(1) Reduce nitrates to free nitrogen (2) Oxidize ammonia to nitrates

S
(3) Convert free nitrogen to nitrogen compounds (4) Convert proteins into ammonia

HI S S
Sol. Answer (2)

SE
NC L K
Oxidises ammonia to nitrate

NH3 NO2 NO3
Nitrification

LI
10. The function of leghaemoglobin in the root nodules of legumes is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]

A
(1) Expression of nif gene (2) Inhibition of nitrogenase activity
(3) Oxygen removal (4) Nodule differentiation
Sol. Answer (3)
ON A
Leghaemoglobin acts as oxygen scavenger.
C
M
11. Which one of the following elements in plants is not remobilised? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Sulphur (2) Phosphorus (3) Calcium (4) Potassium
Sol. Answer (3)
.

Ca is not a mobile element.

12. A prokaryotic autotrophic nitrogen fixing symbiont is found in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]


NE K

RA

(1) Pisum (2) Alnus (3) Cycas (4) Cicer


WT

Sol. Answer (3)


Bacteria Anabaena is autotroph and found in symbiotic association with non-leguminous plants. like Cycas,
R.

Azolla.

13. Which one of the following helps in absorption of phosphorus from soil by plants? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Anabaena (2) Glomus (3) Rhizobium (4) Frankia
Sol. Answer (2)

14. Which one of the following is essential for photolysis of water? [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) Copper (2) Boron (3) Manganese (4) Zinc
Sol. Answer (3)
Mn is essential for photolysis of water.

15. Which one of the following is not an essential mineral element for plants while the remaining three are?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) Cadmium (2) Phosphorus (3) Iron (4) Manganese
Sol. Answer (1)
Cadmium is not an essential element. It does not come under 17 essential elements.

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16 Mineral Nutrition Solution of Assignment

16. Leguminous plants are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Which one of the following statements is not correct during this process of nitrogen fixation?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) Leghaemoglobin scavenges oxygen and is pinkish in colour
(2) Nodules act as sites for nitrogen fixation
(3) The enzyme nitrogenase catalyses the conversion of atmospheric N2 to NH3

S
(4) Nitrogenase is insensitive to oxygen

HI S S
Sol. Answer (4)

SE
Nitrogen is sensitive to oxygen, thus leghaemoglobin acts as oxygen sacavenger.

NC L K
17. An element playing important role in nitrogen fixation is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Molybdenum (2) Copper (3) Manganese (4) Zinc

LI
Sol. Answer (1)
Mo is an element which plays role is nitrogen fixation

A
Mo-Fe
Nitrogenase
Fe
ON A
C
18. The common nitrogen-fixer in paddy fields is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
M
(1) Frankia (2) Rhizobium (3) Azospirillum (4) Oscillatoria
Sol. Answer (3)
Oscillatoria is a common nitrogen fixer in paddy fields.
.

19. Which one of the following is not a micronutrient? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]


NE K

(1) Boron (2) Molybdenum (3) Magnesium (4) Zinc


RA

Sol. Answer (3)


WT

Mg is a macronutrient.
R.

20. One of the free-living, anaerobic nitrogen-fixer is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]


(1) Azotobacter (2) Beijernickia (3) Rhodospirillum (4) Rhizobium
Sol. Answer (3)
Rhodospirullum is an anaerobic, free living photosynthetic bacteria.

21. Manganese is required in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]


(1) Plant cell wall formation (2) Photolysis of water during photosynthesis
(3) Chlorophyll synthesis (4) Nucleic acid synthesis
Sol. Answer (2)
Mn is required for photolysis of water.

22. Nitrogen fixation in root nodules of Alnus is brought about by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Azorhizobium (2) Bradyhizobium (3) Clostridium (4) Frankia
Sol. Answer (4)
Franka causes nitrogen-fixation in Alnus.

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 17
23. Which of the following is a flowering plant with nodules containing filamentous nitrogen-fixing microorganism?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) Cicer arietinum (2) Casuarina equisetifolia (3) Crotalaria juncea (4) Cycas revolute
Sol. Answer (2)
Frankia involved in nitrogen fixation in Casuarina and Alnus.

24. Which one of the following elements is not an essential micronutrient for plant growth?

S
HI S S
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) Ca (2) Mn (3) Zn (4) Cu

SE
NC L K
Sol. Answer (1)
It is a macronutrients.

25. Which one of the following statements is correct? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]

LI
(1) At present it is not possible to grow maize without chemical fertilizers.

A
(2) Extensive use of chemical fertilizers may lead to eutrophication of nearby water bodies.
(3) Both Azotobacter and Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules of plants.
ON A
(4) Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Nostoc are important mobilizers of phosphates and potassium for
plant nutrition in soil.
C
M
Sol. Answer (2)
Excess growth of living organism in water bodies due to fertilizers are called eutrophication.

26. A plant requires magnesium for : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]


.

(1) Cell wall development (2) Holding cells together (3) Protein synthesis (4) Chlorophyll synthesis
Sol. Answer (4)
NE K

Mg required for chlorophyll synthesis.


RA
WT

27. About 98 percent of the mass of every living organism is composed of just six elements including carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
R.

(1) Calcium and phosphorous (2) Phosphorus and sulphur


(3) Sulphur and magnesium (4) Magnesium and sodium
Sol. Answer (1)

28. Sulphur is an important nutrient for optimum growth and productivity in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Pulse crops (2) Cereals (3) Fibre crops (4) Oilseed crops
Sol. Answer (1)

29. The deficiencies of micro-nutrients, not only affects growth of plants but also vital functions such as
photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron flow. Among the list given below, which group of three elements
shall affect most, both photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Cu, Mn, Fe (2) Co, Ni, Mo (3) Mn, Co, Ca (4) Ca, X, Na
Sol. Answer (1)
Cu Mn Fe

Complex IV Photolysis Activates


of water enzymes

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18 Mineral Nutrition Solution of Assignment

30. Which of the following elements is a constituent of biotin?


(1) Sulphur (2) Magnesium (3) Calcium (4) Phosphorus
Sol. Answer (1)
Sulphur is a constituent of Co-A, vitamins like thiamine and biotin and ferredoxin.

31. Which one of the following elements is almost non-essential for plants?
(1) Zn (2) Na (3) Ca (4) Mo

S
Sol. Answer (2)

HI S S
Na is almost non-essential because required in micro amount.

SE
NC L K
32. Plants take zinc in the form of
(1) ZnSO4 (2) Zn++ (3) ZnO (4) Zn
Sol. Answer (2)
It is absorbed in the form of Zn2+ ions.

LI
A
33. Element necessary for the middle lamella is
(1) Ca (2) Zn (3) K (4) Cu
Sol. Answer (1)
ON A
Ca is necessary for middle lamella. Calcium pectate forms this middle lamella.
C
M
34. Boron in green plants assists in
(1) Activation of enzymes (2) Acting as enzyme co-factor
(3) Photosynthesis (4) Sugar transport
Sol. Answer (4)
.

35. The most abundant element present in the plants is


NE K

(1) Carbon (2) Nitrogen (3) Manganese (4) Iron


RA
WT

Sol. Answer (1)


C, H & O are the framework elements.
R.

36. Necrosis in crops is due to the deficiency of


(1) Ca, K, S and Mo (2) N, K, S and Mo (3) N, S, Fe and Zn (4) Mg, S, Mn and Ca
Sol. Answer (1)
Necrosis in crops is due to deficiency of Ca, K, S, & Mo.

37. Which of the following is not caused by deficiency of mineral nutrition?


(1) Etiolation (2) Shortening of internode
(3) Necrosis (4) Chlorosis
Sol. Answer (1)
Yellowing of leaf due to absence of light is called etiolation.

38. When the plants are grown in magnesium deficient but urea rich soil, the symptoms expressed are
(1) Yellowish leaves (2) Colourless petiole (3) Dark green leaves (4) Shoot apex die
Sol. Answer (1)
Mg deficiency causes chlorosis.

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 19
39. The major portion of the dry weight of plants comprises of
(1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (2) Calcium, magnesium and sulphur
(3) Carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen (4) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Sol. Answer (4)
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are framework elements form 94% of dry weight of plants.

40. Grey spots of oat are caused by deficiency of

S
(1) Cu (2) Zn (3) Mn (4) Fe

HI S S
Sol. Answer (3)

SE
Grey spot of oat are caused by deficiency of Mn.

NC L K
41. Study the cycle shown below and select the option which gives correct words for all the four blanks A, B, C
and D.

LI Atmospheric N2

A
Biological Industrial Electrical A
N2 fixation N2 fixation N2 fixation
ON A
NH3 NO2 NO3
C Soil N Pool
M

B (Uptake)
.

Decaying biomass C
NE K

RA
WT

Options:
R.

(1) A Nitrification B Ammonification (2) A Denitrification B Ammonification


C Animals D Plants C Plants D Animals
(3) A Nitrification B Denitrification (4) A Denitrification B Nitrification
C Animals D Plants C Plants D Animals
Sol. Answer (2)

42. Which two distinct microbial processes are responsible for the release of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen gas (N2)
to the atmosphere?
(1) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and denitrification
(2) Aerobic nitrate oxidation, and nitrite reduction
(3) Decomposition of organic nitrogen, and conversion of dinitrogen to ammonium compounds
(4) Enteric fermentation in cattle, and nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium in root nodules of legumes
Sol. Answer (1)
NO3
N2
Dentrification
NH3 NO2 NO3 i.e., Oxidation

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20 Mineral Nutrition Solution of Assignment

43. Nitrifying bacteria


(1) Reduce nitrates to free nitrogen (2) Oxidize ammonia to nitrates
(3) Convert free nitrogen to nitrogen compounds (4) Convert proteins into ammonia
Sol. Answer (2)
Oxidises ammonia to nitrate

NH3 NO2 NO3

S
Nitrification

HI S S
44. Passive absorption of minerals depend on

SE
NC L K
(1) Temperature (2) Temperature and metabolic inhibitor
(3) Metabolic inhibitor (4) Auxin
Sol. Answer (1)
Passive absorption of mineral depends on temperature

LI
A
45. In root nodules of legumes, leg-haemoglobin is important because it
(1) Transports oxygen to the root nodule (2) Acts as an oxygen scavenger
(3) Provides energy to the nitrogen fixing bacterium (4) Acts as a catalyst in transamination
ON A
Sol. Answer (2)
C
LHb acts as an oxygen scavenger.
M
46. Leghemoglobin is
(1) An oxygen carrier in human blood (2) A protein used as food supplement
(3) An oxygen scavenger in root nodules (4) A plant protein with high lysine content
.

Sol. Answer (3)


NE K

LHb is oxygen scavanger in root nodules.


RA
WT

47. Which one of the following statements is correct?


(1) Legumes fix nitrogen only through the specialized bacteria that live in their roots
(2) Legumes fix nitrogen independently of the specialized bacteria that live in their roots
R.

(3) Legumes fix nitrogen only through specialized bacteria that live in their leaves
(4) Legumes are incapable of fixing nitrogen
Sol. Answer (1)
Legumes fix nitrogen only through specialised bacteria that live in their roots. (Bacteroids)

48. Enzyme first used for nitrogen fixation


(1) Nitrogenase (2) Nitroreductase (3) Transferase (4) Transaminase
Sol. Answer (1)
Nitrogenase enzyme helps in the conversion of nitrogen into ammonia i.e., nitrogen fixation.

49. Which one of the following mineral elements play an important role in biological nitrogen fixation ?
(1) Copper (2) Manganese (3) Zinc (4) Molybdenum
Sol. Answer (4)
Mo-Fe
Nitrogenase
Fe

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Solution of Assignment Mineral Nutrition 21
50. A free living nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium which can also form symbiotic association with the water fern Azolla
is
(1) Tolypothrix (2) Chlorella (3) Nostoc (4) Anabaena
Sol. Answer (4)
Anabaena is a filamentous autotroph which found in symbiotic association with non legumes plants like
Cycas and Azolla

51. If by radiation all nitrogenase enzyme are inactivated, then there will be no

S
HI S S
(1) Fixation of nitrogen in legumes (2) Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen

SE
(3) Conversion from nitrate to nitrite in legumes (4) Conversion from ammonium to nitrate in soil

NC L K
Sol. Answer (1)
No fixation of nitrogen in legume because it occurs through nitrogenase enzyme.

52. Roots of which plant contains a red pigment which have affinity for oxygen?

LI
(1) Carrot (2) Soyabean (3) Mustard (4) Radish

A
Sol. Answer (1)
Carotenoids pick up nascent oxygen by means of their double bonds and change the same into harmless
molecular state.
ON A
C
M
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Some mineral nutrients are essential.
R : They can be synthesized by the plants.
.

Sol. Answer (3)


First statement is right i.e., 17 essential elements are there, but second statement is wrong because these
NE K

are not synthesized in the plant body but they are absorbed as mineral nutrients from soil, atmosphere etc.
RA
WT

2. A : Bacteria enters only the polyploid cells of root cortex.


R : These cells provide cytokinins to bacteria, that promotes bacteria cell division.
Sol. Answer (3)
R.

Bacterial cell enters only polyploid cells of root cortex and bacterial cells also provide/produce cytokinin that
induces polyploidy.

3. A : Chelating agents used in improving availability of some minerals in soil are actually electron acceptors.
R : They increase solubility of some minerals in acidic soils.
Sol. Answer (4)
The agent which keeps metal in the soluble state is called chelating agents.

4. A : N, P, K are called critical elements.


R : They become deficient easily in soil due to leaching and higher requirement.
Sol. Answer (1)
N, P, K are critical elements because they are deficient in soil.

5. A : Influx of ions into inner space of cells is an active process.


R : Ions are available for free exchange in free space.
Sol. Answer (2)
Inward moment of ions is called influx but ions available for exchange is not reason.

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22 Mineral Nutrition Solution of Assignment

6. A : Manganese toxicity cause brown spots, chlorotic veins and inhibition of calcium translocation to shoot apex.
R : Toxic effects may be due to direct excess of micronutrients or its interference in the absorption and
functioning of other nutrients.
Sol. Answer (1)
Manganese toxicity is induce the deficiency of Fe, Mg and Ca.

7. A : Jar for nutrient solution culture contains a split cover with holes which hold a bent tube for aeration.

S
R : Regular aeration of culture solution is necessary for proper growth and activities of roots.

HI S S
Sol. Answer (1)

SE
NC L K
Aeration tube help in aeration which is necessary for proper growth.

8. A : All the diverse minerals element found in plants are not essential for them.
R : Some plants accumulate heavy and toxic minerals such as gold and selenium from the soil.

LI
Sol. Answer (2)
There 60 found in protoplasm but not all are essential. Also this is true that some plants accumulate

A
radioactive isotopes when growing in near by areas like nuclear plants.

9. A : Ammonia is oxidised first to nitrate then to nitrite by the action of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter
ON A
respectively.
C
M
R : Nitrite thus formed is absorbed by leaves.

Sol. Answer (4)

Nitrate formed is absorbed by plants and transported to leaves where reduced to form ammonia.
.

10. A : Soyabean export the fixed nitrogen as ureides.


R : Amides contain excess nitrogen and they are transported via phloem sieve tubes.
NE K

RA
WT

Sol. Answer (3)

Transport occurs through xylem.


R.

  

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