2002CorrTech,Inc

MULTIPLYGIVENNUMBEROF

CONVERSIONCHARTS
52
390625
.500
111.113.
11509
11.906
123121312.100I
13.255
13.553
19.050
1.0530


2002CorrTech,Inc
CONVERSIONCHARTS
53
lllulliplyunitsinlull
InormiTECH


2002CorrTech,Inc
CONVERSIONCHARTS
54
Unitsn1


2002CorrTech,Inc
CONVERSIONCHARTS
TemperatureConversion
55
112T15.3
1246
21150
2150
103
055109


2002CorrTech,Inc
Trapezoid
Triangle
Circle
SectorofCircle
Ellipse
RectangularSolid
Cone
CylinderCircle
Elliptical
Sphere
QuadraticEquation
TrigFunctions
PressureRating
PipeStiffnes
MomentofInertia(pipe)
PipeWeight(kg/m)
FlowCoefficientsConversionFactorsBendingMomentorTorque

FORMULAS
56


2002CorrTech,Inc
U.S.UNITSMETRICUNITS

DIMENSIONS,WEIGHTS&PRESSURERATINGSFOR
PVCANDCPVCPIPE
57

W
1.900
1.3501.2551.480
3.0422.3543.1453.2103.2543.310
1.211.60
2.253.12
3.054.34
2.
100
6125
33.40
42.15
115.25
114.30
141.30

150
2230324013301100
2163122.02
3.384.542.02
3.564.342.02
3.905.542.352.30
2.3513.185


2002CorrTech,Inc
ADDITIONALHELPFULFORMULAS

DIMENSIONS,WEIGHTS&PRESSURERATINGSFOR
PVCANDCPVCPIPE
U.S.UNITSMETRICUNITS
58
12.29319.124
13.135
36.4229.15


2002CorrTech,Inc
GLOSSARYOFPIPINGTERMS
ABRASIONRESISTANCEThemeasureofamaterialsabilitytowithstanderosionwhensubjectedtorubbing,
scraping,wearing,scouring,etc.,conditions.ACETALPLASTICSAgroupofplasticsmadefromresinswhich
havebeenobtainedbyheatingaldehydesorketoneswithalcohols.ACIDSNormallyawatersolublecompound
containinghydrogenandotherelementsthatarecapableofreactingwithabasetoformasalt.Theyturnblue
litmuspaperred.ACRYLONITRILEBUTADIENESTYRENE(ABS)PLASTICSAgroupofplasticsmadefrom
polymerswithprescribedpercentagesofacrylonitrile,butadiene,andstyrene.ADHESIVEAsubstancecapableof
holdingmaterialstogetherbysurfaceattachment.AGINGTheeffectonmaterialsexposedtoanenvironmentfor
aperiodoftime.Also,theactofexposingmaterialstoanenvironmentforaperiodoftime.
ALKALIESCompoundscapableofneutralizingacids.ANTIOXIDANTAsubstanceaddedtoaplasticcompound
toretarddegradationduetocontactwithair(oxygen).BEAMLOADINGTheprocessofapplyingaspecifiedforce
(load)toapieceofpipewhichissupportedattwopoints.Itisusuallyexpressedinpoundsperthedistance
betweenthecentersofthesupports.BELLEDENDAtermusedtodescribeapipeendwhichhasbeenenlarged
tohavethesameinsidedimensionsasafittingsocket.Itactsasacouplingwhenjoiningpipe.BLISTERAn
undesirableairorgasfilledbubble(bump)onthesurfaceofaplasticpart.BONDToattachbytheuseofan
adhesive.BURSTSTRENGTHTheamountofinternalpressureapieceofpipeorafittingwillholdbefore
breaking.CALENDERINGAprocessformakingthinsheetsofplasticorrubberinwhichaheatedplasticor
rubbercompoundissqueezedbetweenheavyrollers.CELLULOSEACETATEAtypeofresinmadefromthe
reactionofaceticacidoraceticanhydridewithacellulosebase(cottonand/orwoodpulp).CEMENT(SOLVENT
CEMENT)Anadhesiveusedtobondplasticswhichisasolutionofaplasticresinandavolatilesolvent.
CHEMICALRESISTANCETheabilityofaplastictowithstandtheeffectsofchemicalsatvariousconcentrations
andtemperatures.COLDFLOWAchangeintheshapeorthedimensionsofaplasticpartwhensubjectedtoa
load(weightorpressure)atroomtemperature.COMPOUNDThemixtureofingredients,consistingofaplastic
resinandspecifiedadditives,usedtomanufactureaplasticpart.
CONDENSATIONAchemicalreactioninvolvingthecombinationofmoleculeswiththeresultbeingthe
eliminationofasimplemolecule,suchaswater,andtheformationofamorecomplexcompoundofgreater
molecularweight.COPOLYMERTheproductformedbythesimultaneouspolymerizationoftwoormore
polymerizeablechemicals(monomers).CRAZINGSmall,finecracksonorunderthesurfaceofaplastic.
CREEPThedimensionalchange,beyondtheinitialelasticelongationcausedbytheapplicationofaload,overa
specifiedperiodoftime.Itisnormallyexpressedininchesperinchperunitoftime.CURETochangethe
propertiesofapolymertoastable,usable,andfinalstatebytheuseofchemicalagents,heat,orradiation.
DEFLECTIONTEMPERATURE(HEATDISTORTION)Thetemperaturewhichwillcauseaplasticspecimento
deflectacertaindistancewhenaspecifiedloadisapplied.DEGRADATIONAdeleteriouschangeinthechemical
structure,physicalproperties,orappearanceofaplastic.DELAMINATIONTheseparationofthelayersof
materialinalaminate.DETERIORATIONApermanentchangeinthephysicalpropertiesofaplasticevidencedby
impairmentoftheseproperties.DIELECTRICSTRENGTHTheforcerequiredtodriveanelectriccurrentthrough
aspecificthicknessofamaterial.DIFFUSIONThemovementofgasorliquidparticlesormoleculesinabodyof
fluidthroughorintoamediumandawayfromthemainbodyoffluid.DIMENSIONALSTABILITYThecapabilityofa
plasticparttomaintainitsoriginalshapeanddimensionsunderconditionsofuse.DRYBLENDAdry
compoundpreparedwithoutfluxingortheadditionofasolvent.ELASTICITYThepropertyofaplasticwhich
allowsittoreturntoitsoriginaldimensionsafterdeformation.ELASTICLIMITTheloadpointatwhichamaterial
willnotreturntoitsoriginalshapeandsizeaftertheloadhasbeenreleased.ELASTOMERAsubstancewhich
whenstretchedtoapproximatelytwiceitslength,atroomtemperature,willquicklyreturntoitsoriginallengthwhen
thestretchingloadisrelieved.ELECTRICALPROPERTIESTheresistanceofaplastictothepassageof
electricity.ELONGATIONThepercentageoftheoriginallengthwhichamaterialwilldeform,undertension,
withoutfailing.EMULSIONAdispersionofoneinsolubleliquidintoanotherinsolubleliquid.
59


2002CorrTech,Inc
GLOSSARYOFPIPINGTERMS
ENVIRONMENTALSTRESSCRACKINGCrackswhichdevelopwhenaplasticpartissubjectedtoincompatible
chemicalsandputunderstress.ESTERThecompoundformedduringthereactionbetweenanalcoholandan
acid.ETHYLENEPLASTICPlasticsbasedonpolymersorcopolymersofethyleneandothermonomersinwhich
ethyleneisthegreatestamountbyweight.EXTRUSIONTheprocessusedtocontinuouslyformashapeby
forcingaheatedorunheatedplasticthroughashapingorifice(die).FILLERArelativelyinertmaterialaddedtoa
plastictomodifyitsstrength,permanence,workingproperties,otherqualities,ortolowercosts.FLEXURAL
STRENGTHThemeasureofamaterialsabilitytowithstandaspecifieddeformationunderabeamload
(bending)at73F.NormallyexpressedinPSI.FORMINGAprocessinwhichtheshapeofplasticpiecessuchas
sheets,rods,ortubesarechangedtoadesiredconfiguration.FORMULATIONThecombinationofingredients
usedtomakeafinishedplasticproduct.Alsoseecompound.FUSETojoinplasticpartsbysofteningthe
materialwithheatorsolvents.GATETheconstrictionintheflowchannelbetweentherunnerandthemoldcavity
inaninjectionmold.GLASSTRANSITIONThereversiblechangeinanamorphouspolymerfrom(orto)aviscous
conditionto(orfrom)ahardandrelativelybrittleone.GLASSTRANSITIONTEMPERATURETheapproximate
midpointofthetemperaturerangeoverwhichtheglasstransitiontakesplace.GUSSETApieceusedtogive
additionalsizeorstrengthtoaplasticpartataparticularlocation.HARDNESSThemeasureofamaterialsability
toresistindentation.HEATRESISTANCETheabilityofamaterialtowithstandtheeffectsofexposuretohigh
temperatures.HOOPSTRESSThecircumferentialstress,imposedonapipewallwhenexposedtoaninternal
pressureload.UsuallyexpressedinPSI.IMPACTSTRENGTHAmeasureofaplasticpartsabilitytowithstand
theeffectsofdroppingand/orstriking.Therearetwocommonlyusedtestmethods,NotchedIzodandTup.
NotchedIzodusesapendulumtypemachinetostrikeanotchedspecimen.Tuptestingusesafallingweight(tup)
tostrikeapipeorfittingspecimen.INJECTIONMOLDINGTheprocessusedtoformashapebyforcingaheated
plastic,inafluidstateandunderpressure,intothecavityofaclosedmold.ISOEQUATIONTheequationwhich
showstherelationshipbetweenstress,pressure,anddimensionsinpipe.
JOINTThepointwhereapipeandfittingortwopiecesofpipeareconnectedtogether.KETONESAgroupof
compoundshavingtwoalkylgroupsattachedtoacarbonyl(CO)group.LIGHTSTABILITYAfeatureofaplastic
whichallowsittoretainitsoriginalcolorandphysicalpropertieswhenexposedtosunorartificiallight.LIGHT
TRANSMISSIONTheamountoflightwhichaplasticwillallowtopassthrough.LONGITUDINALSTRESSA
tensileorcompressiveforceplaceduponthelongaxisofaplasticpart.LUBRICANTAnysubstancewhich
reducesthefrictionbetweenmovingsolidsurfaces.MODULUSAtermusedtodescribetheloadrequiredto
causeaspecifiedpercentageofelongation.ItisusuallyexpressedinPSIorkilospersquarecentimeter.
MONOMERAlowmolecularweightsubstancewhosemoleculescanreactwithothermoleculestoforma
polymer.NONFLAMMABLEIncapableofsupportingcombustion.NONTOXICNonpoisonous.NYLON
PLASTICSPlasticsbasedonresinscomposedprincipallyofalongchainsyntheticpolymericamidewhichhas
recurringamidegroupsasanintegralpartofthemainpolymerchain.OLEFINPLASTICSAgroupofplastics
basedonpolymersmadebythepolymerizationorcopolymerizationofolefinswithothermonomers,withthe
olefinsbeingatleast50%oftheweight.Polypropylene,polyethylene,andpolybutyleneareexamples.ORGANIC
CHEMICALAnychemicalwhichcontainscarbon.PHENOLICPLASTICSAgroupofplasticsbasedonresins
madebythecondensationofphenolswithaldehydes.PLASTICAmaterialthatcontainsasanessential
ingredientoneormoreorganicpolymericsubstancesoflargemolecularweight,issolidinitsfinishedstate,and,
atsomestageinitsmanufactureorinitsprocessingintofinishedarticles,canbeshapedbyflow.
PLASTICITYThepropertyofplasticswhichallowsthemtobeformed,withoutrupture,continuouslyand
permanentlybytheapplicationofaforcewhichexceedstheyieldvalueofthematerial.PLASTICIZERA
substanceincorporatedinaplastictoincreaseitsworkability,flexibility,ordistensibility.PLASTICPIPEAhollow
cylinderofaplasticmaterialinwhichthewallthicknessesareusuallysmallwhencomparedtothediameterand
inwhichtheinsideandoutsidewallsareessentiallyconcentric.POLYBUTYLENEPLASTICSPlasticsbasedon
polymersmadewithbuteneasessentiallythesolemonomer.POLYETHYLENEPLASTICSPlasticsbasedon
polymersmadewithethyleneasessentiallythesolemonomer.
60


2002CorrTech,Inc
GLOSSARYOFPIPINGTERMS
POLYMERAproductformedbythechemicalreactionof
SOLVENTCEMENTINGUsingasolventcementto
maketheadditionofalargenumberofsmallmoleculeswhich
pipejoint.havetheabilitytocombineandreachhigh
molecularweights.
SPECIFICGRAVITYTheratioofthemassofamaterialtothemassofanequalvolumeofwater.
POLYMERIZATIONAchemicalreactioninwhichthemoleculesofmonomersarelinkedtogethertoform
polymers.POLYOLEFINPLASTICSPlasticsbasedonpolymersmadewithanolefin(s)asessentiallythesole
monomer(s).POLYPROPYLENEPLASTICSPlasticsbasedonpolymersmadewithpropyleneasessentiallythe
solemonomer.
SPRUETheprimaryfeedchannelthatrunsfromtheouterfaceofaninjectionmoldtotherunnerorthegate.
STABILIZERAningredientaddedtoaplasticcompoundtoinhibitorretardundesirablechangesinthematerial.
STANDARDDIMENSIONRATIO(SDR)PIPEAtypeofpipeinwhichthedimensionratiosareconstantforany
givenclass.Unlikeschedulepipe,asthediameterincreasesthepressureratingremainsconstantforany
POLYSTYRENEApolymerpreparedbythepolymeriza
givenclassofpipe.tionofstyreneasthesole
monomer.
STIFFNESSFACTORAtermdescribingthedegreeof
POLYVINYLCHLORIDEPLASTICSPlasticsobtainedby
flexibilityinapieceofpipewhensubjectedtoan
externalthepolymerizationofvinylchloride.Theadditionofvarious
load.ingredients,suchasstabilizers,colorants,
lubricants,andfillersenhancetheprocessabilityandperformance.
STRESSCRACKAnexternalorinternalcrackinaplasticcausedbytensilestresseslessthanitsshorttime
mechaniPOROSITYAtermdescribingaplasticpartwhichhas
calstrength.manyvisiblevoids.
SUSTAINEDPRESSURETESTAtestinwhicha
plasticPRESSURERATINGThemaximumpressureatwhicha
partissubjectedtoaconstantinternalpressureload
forplasticpartcansafelyfunctionwithoutfailing.
1000hours.QUICKBURSTAtermusedtodescribe
theamountof
TEARSTRENGTHAmeasureofamaterialsabilityto
internalpressurerequiredtoburstapipeorfittingwhenthe
resisttearing.pressureisbuiltupovera6070second
intervaloftime.
TENSILESTRENGTHThemeasureofaplastics
abilityREINFORCEDPLASTICAplasticwithhighstrength
toresistastretchingforce.Itisnormallyexpressedin
thefillersimbeddedinthecomposition,causingsomeme
PSIrequiredtoruptureatestspecimen.chanical
propertiestobesuperiortothoseofthebaseresin.
THERMALCONDUCTIVITYAabilitytoconductheat.
measureofaplastics
RESINAsolidorpseudosolidorganicmaterial,oftenhavingahighmolecularweight,whichexhibitsatendency
toflowwhensubjectedtostress,usuallyhasasofteningormeltingrange,andusuallyfracturesconchoidally.
RUNNERThesecondaryfeedchannelinaninjectionmoldthatrunsfromtheinnerendofthespruetothecavity
gate.Also,thesolidifiedpieceofplasticwhichformsinthe
THERMALCONTRACTIONThedecreaseinlengthofaplasticpartduetoachangeintemperature.THERMAL
EXPANSIONTheincreaseinlengthofaplasticpartduetoachangeintemperature.THERMOPLASTICSA
groupofplasticswhichcanrepeatedlybesoftenedbyheatingandhardenedbycooling.feedchannelwhenthe
injectionmoldedpartcools.
THERMOSETTINGPLASTICSAgroupofplastics
which,SAMPLEAsmallpartorportionofamaterialorproductintendedtoberepresentativeofthewhole.
SCHEDULEApipesizingsystemfortheoutsidediameterandwallthicknessdimensionswhichwasstartedby
theironpipeindustry.Normally,asthediameterincreases,thepressureratingdecreasesforanygivenschedule
ofpipe.SELFEXTINGUISHINGAtermdescribingaplasticmaterialwhichstopsburningwhenthesourceofthe
burningisremoved.
havingbeencuredbyheat,chemicals,orothermeans,aresubstantiallyinfusibleandinsoluble.Theyare
permanentlyhardened.VINYLCHLORIDEPLASTICSPlasticsbasedonpolymersorcopolymersofvinylchloride
withothermonomers,withthevinylchloridebeingthegreatestamountbyweight.VISCOSITYAtermdescribinga
materialsresistancetoflow.
SHRINKMARKAdepressioninthesurfaceofamoldedplasticpartwhereithasretractedfromthemold.
VOLATILEApropertyofliquidsinwhichtheypassawaybyevaporating.
SOFTENINGPOINTThetemperatureatwhichaplasticchangesfromrigidtosoft.SOLVENTAmediuminto
whichasubstanceisdissolved.SOLVENTCEMENTAnadhesiveconsistingofaplasticdissolvedintoasolvent
andusedtobondplasticsurfaces.
WELDLINE(KNITLINE)Atermusedtodescribeamarkonamoldedplasticpartformedbytheunionoftwoor
morestreamsofplasticflowingtogether.YIELDPOINTThepointatwhichaplasticmaterialwillnotwithstanda
stretchingforce.Itwillcontinuetoelongatewithnoincreaseinloadafterreachingthatpoint.
61