Bobinas
(Inductores)
o I
B =
2 a
Dpto. de Fsica. Facultad de Ciencias Fsico-
Fsico-Mat. y Nat. (UNSL)
1
Ley de Faraday:
B B B ~ i(t) di(t)
- +
= N = -(KN)
I t B =Ki(t) dt
L=(KN)
di (t )
= L
Tensin Autoinducida Tensin Autoinducida
Tensin
dt
Autoinducida
- + - + L es la AUTOINDUCTANCIA del
i(t)
Inductor simplemente INDUCTANCIA
La Inductancia slo
depende de factores
geomtricos y del
material..
material
N 2 A
L=
l
2
Caractersticas de los inductores: Caractersticas de los inductores:
p(t)=v(t)
(t)=v(t)ii(t) p(t)=d
(t)=dww(t)/dt
v(t)=Ldii(t)/dt
v(t)=Ld
dw(t)/d(t)=L
(t)/d(t)=Lii(t)d
(t)dii(t)/dt
w(t)=
(t)=L
Lii2(t)
3
Circuitos RL:
i
V0 - VL(t) VR(t) = 0
Estado Estacionario
VL(t) = Ld
Ldii(t)/dt
V0
VR((t)) = i((t)R
)
Estado Transitorio V0 - Ld
Ldii(t)/dt
(t)/dt-
- i(t)R = 0
i(t)= V0/R(
/R(11-e-t/
t/) = L/R VL(t)=V0e-t/
t/)
100% 99%
Cuando un inductor 95%
98%
es conectado en Vfinal
80%
86%
40%
37%
Iinitial
VL(t)=V0e-t/
t/)
R
L 20%
14%
5%
0 t 2% 1%
Current after switch closure 0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of time constants
Unidad [Faraday]=[
araday]=[CCuolombs]/[
uolombs]/[VVolts]
4
Combinacin de capacitores
capacitores:: C = Q/V Energa Almacenada en un capacitor cargado
C = Q/V
Paralelo dW= V
Vdq
dq = (q/C
q/C)dq
)dq
Qtotal = Q1 + Q2
W = Q2/2C
CEquivV= C1V + C2V
U= Q2/2C = QV/
V/22 = CV2/2
CEquivalente = C1 + C2
360 Joules en 2 ms
ms..
Serie
V= V1 + V2 3000 Veces la
Q/CEquiv = Q/C1+Q/C2 potencia de una
1/CEquiv=1/C1+1/C2 Lamparita de 60 W!
Q = CV
Q/t = CV/t
Estado Estacionario
I = CdV/dt
En Continua, un capacitor se comporta como un circuito abierto
Estado Transitorio
Transitorios en circuitos RC
RC:: Carga de un Capacitor
- q(t)/C Rdq(t)/dt = 0
- VC(t) VR(t) = 0
VC(t) = q(t)/C VR(t) = i(t)R q(t) = C(
C(1
1-e-t/(RC))
q(t) = QMx(1
(1--e-t/
t/) QMx=C = RC
i(t)
VC(t) = (QMx/C)(
/C)(1
1-e-t/
t/) = (1-e-t/
t/)
5
Ejemplo:
Qmx=
=12 V
k = 8x105
R= 800 k
C= 5 F = 5x10-6F q(t) = QMx(1
(1--e-t/
t/)
q(t=) = QMx(1
q(t= (1--e-/)
Qmx =C= ((12V)(5x10
(12V)(
V)(5
V)(55x10-6F)
= 60x10-6C = 60
60C q(t=) = Qmx(0.63)
q(t=
= RC
RC =
(8x105)(
)(5x10
5x10-6F)= 4s
t=5
t= 5
q(t) = 60(1-
60(1-e-t/4) [mC]
t/4
t=
t=
IMx=
=
i(t) = IMxe-t/
t/ =(/R
/R)) e-t/
t/
i(t=)= Imx(0.37)
i(t= 37)
VC(t) = (1-e-t/
t/)
t=
t= t=
t=
Transitorios Estacionario
6
Transitorios en circuitos RC
RC:: Descarga de un Capacitor
- q(t)/C i(t)R = 0
VC(t) =e-t/
t/ i(t) = -IMxe-t/
t/
R, L y C slo dependen
Resumen:
Resumen: de factores geomtricos
Inductores y y del material..
material No
Capacitores Dependen ni de V ni de
I ni de q
i(t)=(V0/R)(
/R)(1
1-e-t/
t/) i(t)=(V0/R)e-t/
t/
VR
VL(t)=V0e-t/
t/ VL(t)=
(t)=--V0e-t/
t/ I = VR = IR
R
=L/R 1 t =t di (t )
iL (t ) = L (t )dt vL (t ) = L
i(t)=
( ) (V0/R
(t)=( /R))e-t/
t/ i(t)=
( ) -(V0/R
(t)=- /R))e-t/
t/ L t =0 dt
VC(t)=V0(1-e-t/
t/) VC(t)=V0e-t/
t/
dvC (t ) 1 t =t
iC (t ) = C vC (t ) = t iC (t )dt
=RC dt C =0
7
iL(t)=
(t)=55(t
(t--2) 2<t<
<t<44
iL(t)=
(t)=55(t
(t--2) 2<t<
<t<44
iL(t)=
(t)=00 iL(t)=
(t)=--2(t
(t-
-4)+
)+10
10 4<t<
<t<10
10
0<t<
<t<22
L = 4mH
di (t )
vL(t)=L
(t)=L55 2<t<
<t<44 vL (t ) = L
iL(t)=
(t)=00 0<t<
<t<22 iL(t)=
(t)=--2(t
(t--4)+
)+10
10 4<t<
<t<10
10 dt
vL(t)=
(t)=--L2 4<t<
<t<10
10
di (t ) vL(t)=L
(t)=L55 2<t<
<t<44 vL(t)=
(t)=00
vL (t ) = L
dt vL(t)=
(t)=--L2 4<t<
<t<10
10
Ejemplo